SCIENCE Student Book. 5th Grade Unit 3

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1 SCIENCE Studnt Book 5th Grad Unit 3

2 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES SCIENCE 503 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Introduction 3 1. Invrtbrats...5 Lif Cycls of Invrtbrats 9 On-Clld, Animal-Lik Protists 14 Egg-Laying Invrtbrats 17 Slf Tst Vrtbrats Lif Cycls of Vrtbrats 33 Egg-Laying Vrtbrats 35 Liv-Baring Vrtbrats 45 Slf Tst 2 50 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1

3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Author: Barry G. Burrus, M.Div, M.A., B.S. Editor: Brian Ring Illustrations: Brian Ring Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: Lnorlux, istock, Thinkstock; 5: Bussarakam, istock, Thinkstock; 7: ALsik, istock, Thinkstock; Amng Wu, istock, Thinkstock; 9: Coprid, istock, Thinkstock; 13: PlazaCamman, istock, Thinkstock; 18: Comstock, Stockbyt, Thinkstock; 26: Dorling Kindrsly, Thinkstock; 32: Saddako, istock, Thinkstock; 33: thrry, istock, Thinkstock; 34: idizimag, istock, Thinkstock; 35: skarb, istock, Thinkstock; 36: randimal, istock,thinkstock; 39: italiansight, istock,thinkstock; 40: Comstock, Thinkstock; 45: MR1805, istock, Thinkstock; 47: Purstock, Thinkstock. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA MM by Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

4 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES God has cratd a rich varity of animals. In th Book of Gnsis, w rad: And God said, Lt th watrs bring forth abundantly th moving cratur that hath lif, and fowl that may fly abov th arth in th opn firmamnt of havn. And God cratd grat whals, and vry living cratur that movth, which th watrs brought forth abundantly, aftr thir kind, and vry wingd fowl aftr his kind: and God saw that it was good. And God blssd thm, saying, b fruitful, and multiply, and fill th watrs in th sas, and lt fowl multiply in th arth. And th vning and th morning wr th fifth day. And God said, Lt th arth bring forth th living cratur aftr his kind, cattl, and crping thing, and bast of th arth aftr his kind: and it was so. And God mad th bast of th arth aftr his kind, and cattl aftr thir kind, and vry thing that crpth upon th arth aftr his kind: and God saw that it was good. (Gnsis 1:20-25) Fish, birds, inscts, lizards, cattl, and bars ar all xampls of th animals that God has cratd. In this LIFEPAC, you will xplor th rich varity of animals found in th watrs and on th arth. You will also larn about som on-clld, animal-lik protists such as amoba and paramcium. You will xamin aspcts of th lif cycls of ths living things. You will larn about som similaritis and diffrncs among various animals and protists. You will also larn about thir common structurs and th ways thy rproduc. Finally, you will hav an opportunity to obsrv som of ths living things clos-up during xprimnts! 3

5 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Ths objctivs tll what you should b abl to do whn you hav compltd this LIFEPAC. Each sction will list according to th numbrs blow what objctivs will b mt in that sction. Whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib th lif cycls of invrtbrats. 2. Explain th diffrncs btwn th lif cycls of invrtbrats. 3. Dscrib th lif cycls of vrtbrats. 4. Explain th diffrncs btwn th lif cycls of vrtbrats. 5. Nam th groups to which th animals blong. 6. Show th rlationship of th structurs of animals to thir rproduction in a lif cycl. 4

6 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES 1. INVERTEBRATES In th prvious LIFEPAC, Scinc 502, you larnd that God has cratd a grat varity of living things. You larnd that scintists classify all living things into 5 kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and monrans. In th prvious LIFEPAC, you studid th lif cycls of plants, fungi, protists, and monrans. In this LIFEPAC, you will larn about th lif cycls, structurs, and rproduction of animals. W will also covr a coupl of xampls of on-clld, animal-lik protists in this LIFEPAC. W will covr ths protists bcaus, lik almost all animals, thy ar abl to mov about in thir nvironmnts. God has cratd such a rich varity of animals that no on knows for sur how many kinds of animals thr ar! Scintists hav classifid and namd ovr on and a half million diffrnt kinds of animals. Howvr, many scintists bliv that thr may b from two million to as many as fifty million diffrnt kinds of animals. Many nw kinds of animals ar discovrd, namd, and classifid ach yar. Th world of animals is xciting! Th study of animals is calld zoology, and scintists who study animals ar calld zoologists. Objctivs Rviw ths objctivs. Whn you hav compltd this sction, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib th lif cycls of invrtbrats. 2. Explain th diffrncs btwn th lif cycls of invrtbrats. 5. Nam th groups to which th animals blong. 6. Show th rlationship of th structurs of animals to thir rproduction in a lif cycl. Sction 1 5

7 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. amoba ( mē b ). A microscopic, on-clld protist. carnivors (kär n vorz). Animals that at only othr animals. Thy ar also calld mat-atrs. xtnds (k stndz ). Strtchs out or rachs out. fluks (flüks). Flatworms of a crtain typ. fragmntation (frag m n tā sh n). A mthod of asxual rproduction in animals by th division of th body into two or mor pics. gills (gilz). Th parts of a fish body that tak oxygn from th watr. hrbivors (hr b vorz). Animals that at only plants. host (hōst). An animal that has anothr animal living in or on it. invrtbrats (in vr t br ts). Animals that do not hav backbons. Inscts, jllyfish, snails, spidrs, and worms ar xampls of invrtbrats. larva (lär v ). Th worm-lik form of an arly stag in th lif cycl of som inscts. larva (lär vē). Plural form of larva. maggot (mag t). Th larva of a fly. mollusks (mol sks). Animals with soft bodis. Adults oftn grow hard shlls. A snail is an xampl of a mollusk. nymph (nimf). Th part of crtain insct lif cycls whr th young animal has no wings or rproductiv organs. octopus (ok t p s). A mollusk with a soft body and ight long arms. omnivors (om n vorz). Animals that at both plants and animals. paramcium (par mē s um). A on-clld, animal-lik protist that has a spcial shap. parasits (par ē sīts). Animals that liv on or in othr animals. Thy gt thir food from th hosts. protozoans (prō t zō nz). A larg group of on-clld protists. pupa (pyü p ). Th form of crtain inscts btwn th tim thy ar larva and adults. pupa (pyü pē). Plural for pupa. squid (skwid). A mollusk that livs in th sa. tsts (ts tēz). Th body parts of mal animals whr sprm is formd. varity (v rī tē). Diffrnt kinds or typs. vrtbrats (vėr t brits). Animals that hav backbons. Birds, fish, rptils, and mammals ar xampls of vrtbrats. zoology (zō ol gē). Th scinc of th study of animals. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; /ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. 6 Sction 1

Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Lik plants, animals com in many shaps and sizs. Most kinds of animals ar lss than an inch long. Som ar so tiny that thy can only b sn with a microscop.

Plants dpnd on th carbon dioxid givn off by animals and human bings. In turn, animals and human bings dpnd upon plants for oxygn and food. As you larnd, this cycl of lif is calld th carbon cycl.

8 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Lik plants, animals com in many shaps and sizs. Most kinds of animals ar lss than an inch long. Som ar so tiny that thy can only b sn with a microscop. Othr animals ar vry larg, lik th lphant, th giraff, and th blu whal. As you larnd in prvious LIFEPACs in this sris, animals and plants ar dpndnt on on anothr. Plants dpnd on th carbon dioxid givn off by animals and human bings. In turn, animals and human bings dpnd upon plants for oxygn and food. As you larnd, this cycl of lif is calld th carbon cycl. In addition, som plants dpnd upon animals to rproduc. For xampl, bs and birds carry polln from plant to plant so that th plants might b frtilizd. Animals diffr from plants in thir ability to mov around in thir nvironmnt. Most plants ar fixd on on plac by roots or root-lik structurs. Howvr, almost all animals can mov around from on location to anothr. Thr ar many ways to classify th diffrnt kinds of animals. For xampl, som animals liv on th land, whil othrs liv in watr. Som animals ar cold-bloodd, whil othrs ar warm-bloodd. Cold-bloodd animals ar warm whn thir surroundings ar warm or cool whn thir surroundings ar cool. Warmbloodd animals, howvr, almost always hav th sam body tmpratur rgardlss of th tmpratur of thir surroundings. Rptils, lik snaks, ar cold-bloodd; thir body tmpratur is basd on thir surroundings. Th sidwindr snak (abov) movs sidways in ordr to mov forward. Animals can b classifid according to what thy at. Animals that only at plants ar calld hrbivors. Cows and giraffs ar xampls of hrbivors. Animals that at only othr animals ar calld carnivors or matatrs. Lions, sharks, and dogs ar carnivors. Animals that at both plants and animals ar calld omnivors. Bars ar omnivors. Dolphins ar warm-bloodd mammals. Thy rquir air to brath, unlik fish. Animals can also b classifid according to whthr or not thy hav backbons. Animals that do not hav backbons ar calld invrtbrats. Th vast majority of animals ar invrtbrats. Inscts, jllyfish, snails, spidrs, and worms ar xampls of invrtbrats. Animals that do hav a backbon ar calld vrtbrats. Birds, fish, rptils, and mammals ar xampls of vrtbrats. In this LIFEPAC, w will study animals by classifying thm as ithr invrtbrats or vrtbrats. In this sction of th LIFEPAC, you will larn about invrtbrats. In th nxt sction, you will xplor vrtbrats. Sction 1 7

9 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Complt ths statmnts. 1.1 Scintists classify all living things into kingdoms. 1.2 Th study of animals is calld. 1.3 Scintists hav namd and classifid ovr diffrnt kinds of animals. 1.4 animals ar warm whn thir surroundings ar warm and cool whn thir surroundings ar cool. 1.5 Animals that at both plants and othr animals ar calld. 1.6 Animals that do not hav backbons ar calld. 1.7 Animals diffr from plants in thir ability to in thir nvironmnts. What is your favorit animal? Why? Look up som information on this animal in a book or ncyclopdia, th library, or th Intrnt. Thn, writ a short papr (lss than on pag) about your favorit animal. Includ som information about whr th animal livs, what it ats, how it braths, and any othr things that you find intrsting about your favorit animal. Lt your tachr rad about your favorit animal whn you hav finishd. Tachr chck: Initials Dat 8 Sction 1

10 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Lif Cycls of Invrtbrats In th prvious LIFEPAC Scinc 502, you larnd that living things go through lif cycls. Thr ar various lif stags in a lif cycl of living things; for xampl, bginning, growth, adulthood, and nd. Animals go through lif stags, too. Thy also bgin, grow, and bcom adults. For xampl, considr th arthworm. Th arthworm has no backbon, so it is an invrtbrat. Th arthworm bgins lif as a tiny, frtilizd gg. Aftr hatching from th gg, it grows into a matur worm. Whn it rachs maturity, it mats with anothr arthworm and lays many nw ggs. Finally, th arthworm gts old and dis. Th arthworm is just on of many typs of worms. Worms hav soft, slndr bodis and no backbons or lgs. Othr xampls of worms bsids th arthworm ar flatworms, roundworms, and lchs. Othr worms may hav lif cycls lik th arthworm. Thy may diffr, howvr, in th numbr of offspring that thy produc. Othr worms may rproduc mor tims or fwr tims. All worms ar invrtbrats. Yt, not all invrtbrats hav lif stags lik thos of th arthworm. You will now larn som things about th various lif stags of invrtbrats. Answr ths qustions. 1.8 What is a lif cycl of a living thing? (You may nd to rfr to th Scinc 502 LIFEPAC, Sction I to hlp you answr this qustion.) 1.9 Why is an arthworm an invrtbrat? Sction 1 9

11 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Bginning stag. Lik almost all living things, th first stag in th lif cycl of invrtbrats bgins with rproduction. Invrtbrats can rproduc in on of two ways: (1) asxual rproduction, and (2) sxual rproduction. In asxual rproduction, only on parnt is ndd to produc an offspring. In sxual rproduction, two parnts on mal and on fmal ar ndd to produc offspring. Most animals and invrtbrats rproduc through sxual rproduction. Asxual rproduction only taks on parnt to produc an offspring. This happns in two ways: (1) fragmntation, or (2) budding. Fragmntation is usd by invrtbrats such as planarians and som othr flatworms. In this mthod of rproduction, a singl parnt usually divids into two pics, on with th had and th othr with th tail! Each sction thn grows th parts that ar missing and bcoms a compltly nw individual animal. Budding occurs whn th animal producs small projctions, calld buds, from its sid. (You larnd about this procss for clls and plants in th prvious LIFEPACs in this sris.) Invrtbrats known as hydras and som sa anmons rproduc by budding. Th buds dvlop into tiny copis of th parnt. Evntually, th buds grow larg nough to dtach from th parnt and bcom a nw individual animal. Fragmntation of Flatworm Sxual rproduction is usd by most animals Budding and invrtbrats. In this mthod, a mal of Sa Anmon sprm units with a fmal gg cll to Asxual rproduction produc a frtilizd gg. It is at this point that a nw animal lif bgins. Th mans of frtilization can ithr occur outsid th fmal body or within th fmal body. In sxual rproduction, th bginning stag of th lif cycl starts with a singl cll. This cll is producd through frtilization of a fmal gg cll with a mal sprm cll. Aftr it is frtilizd, th gg cll bgins growing and rproducing. This is th nxt stag in th lif cycl of th invrtbrat: th growth stag. 10 Sction 1

Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Match ths itms. 1.10 asxual rproduction 1.11 sxual rproduction 1.12 fragmntation 1.13 budding 1.14 frtilization a. th rsult of a mal sprm combining with a fmal gg b.

12 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Match ths itms asxual rproduction 1.11 sxual rproduction 1.12 fragmntation 1.13 budding 1.14 frtilization a. th rsult of a mal sprm combining with a fmal gg b. a singl parnt divids into two or mor pics c. only on parnt ndd to produc offspring d. two parnts, mal and fmal, ndd to produc offspring. producs small projctions from on parnt which split off to form offspring f. th procss of cll division Growth stag. Sxual rproduction can occur ithr within or without th fmal body; that is, th sprm may ithr rach th gg insid th fmal body or outsid th fmal body. If frtilization of th gg occurs within th fmal body, th frtilizd gg is thn laid outsid th fmal body. If th frtilization took plac outsid th body, th frtilizd gg rmains outsid th fmal s body. Now an mbryo bgins to form within th frtilizd gg. This occurs through th procss of mitosis, th division of clls. (Rcall that you larnd about mitosis in prvious LIFEPACs in this sris.) Each frtilizd gg contains som food for th growing mbryo. Growth of th mbryo insid th gg is th first part of th growth stag. As soon as th nw animal can liv outsid th gg, it hatchs from th gg. Young Silvrfish Eggs (mbryo insid nourishd within th gg) Adult Silvrfish Growth stags of silvrfish Sction 1 11

13 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Othr invrtbrats go through a diffrnt procss of growth aftr hatching from an gg. Thy ar hatchd in larva form. (You will larn mor about this latr in this sction.) Larva do not look lik thir parnts. Thy turn into pupa form bfor bcoming adults. Larva and som pupa gt thir own food as thy grow. Som othr invrtbrats hav an vn diffrnt procss occur during thir growth stag. Aftr hatching from an gg, th nw invrtbrat is calld a nymph. (You will larn mor about this latr in this sction.) Th nymph looks somwhat lik th parnt invrtbrat, but som parts ar missing. Nymphs ar abl to gt thir own food for continud growth. As thy grow, thy bgin to form th missing parts of thir bodis that will allow thm to bcom adult invrtbrats. Answr tru or fals An mbryo forms insid a frtilizd fmal gg of invrtbrats Embryos must sarch for thir own food outsid th gg Aftr hatching, th baby of som invrtbrats looks lik a miniatur adult Som invrtbrats hatch in larva form and bcom a pupa bfor bcoming an adult A nymph looks somwhat lik a parnt invrtbrat, but som body parts ar missing. Adult stag. Th adult stag of an invrtbrat is rachd whn it grows to full siz and is abl to rproduc. It looks vry much lik its parnts. Its form will chang vry littl during th adult stag. It can bgin to rproduc. Som invrtbrats will rproduc many tims during thir adult stag. Th gg-laying fmal invrtbrat may produc many ggs at on tim. Most of ths ggs may b frtilizd by sprm from th mal invrtbrat. Th nw frtilizd ggs ar thn dpositd outsid th body of th fmal if thy wr not alrady outsid th body. Nw animals ar formd just lik th parnt bgan. Ths hatch into babis. Th babis grow. Lif for that spcis continus. 12 Sction 1

14 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES SELF TEST 1 Match ths itms (ach answr, 3 points) Th body has no rgular shap Adult grows a hard shll Adult is long, thin, and soft Adult has six lgs Som hav a pupa form. a. mollusk b. worm c. insct d. amoba. paramcium 1.06 On cll. Adult has a rgular shap Many ar parasits during growth and adult stags Adult has gills A nymph grows wings About on million diffrnt kinds. Writ tru or fals (ach answr, 3 points) Amobas grow from ggs Embryos must sarch for thir own food outsid th gg A tapworm is a parasit Som worms grow from larva Som inscts do not go through th pupa and larva forms Sprm is producd in th tsts of an animal Eggs must b frtilizd insid th fmal s body A paramcium grows from a nymph A spidr is an insct A larva shds its skin as it grows. Sction 1 29

15 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Unit 3 Writ th corrct lttr in ach blank (ach answr, 2 points) Th study of animals is calld. a. botany b. zoology c. microbiology Animals that at only plants ar calld. a. carnivors b. hrbivors c. omnivors A lif cycl can b compltd in lss than a day by. a. worms b. mollusks c. paramciums A looks lik th parnt, but dosn t hav wings or rproductiv organs. a. nymph b. larva c. pupa A parasit. a. livs alon b. ats mostly blood c. livs in or on othr animals An animal without a backbon is calld. a. a wak animal b. a vrtbrat c. an invrtbrat An gg cll is mad frtil by. a. mitosis b. a sprm cll c. an amoba Maggot is anothr nam for. a. a fly larva b. nymph c. pupa An invrtbrat that has both mal and fmal parts is th. a. larva b. paramcium c. arthworm Animals that hav six lgs ar. a. spidrs b. vrtbrats c. inscts 30 Sction 1

16 Unit 3 ANIMALS: LIFE CYCLES Put ths vnts of a lif cycl in propr ordr (ach vnt, 3 points). wings grow gg is laid an gg cll is frtilizd adulthood nymph is hatchd from gg Complt this activity (this answr, 5 points) Dscrib th lif cycl of a mollusk. Tachr chck: Initials Scor Dat Sction 1 31

17 SCI_Gr3-5 SCI0503 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA ISBN

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