World Geography. Sample Actual Book has 180+ pages TABLE OF CONTENTS

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE BASICS OF GEOGRAPHY AND NORTH AMERICA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW... 1 CHAPTER 1 THE BASICS OF GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY... 2 TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY... 3 EARTH...4 SEASONS, CLIMATE, AND LIFE... 5 PEOPLE AND PLACES... 6 CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. THE U.S. AND CANADA ARE A REGION... 7 REGIONS OF THE U.S U.S. NATURAL RESOURCES... 9 LAND AND WATER IN THE U.S U.S. CLIMATE CHAPTER 3 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF THE U.S. WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN THE U.S U.S. HISTORY U.S. GOVERNMENT U.S. ECONOMY WAY OF LIFE IN THE U.S CHAPTER 4 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA FACTS TO KNOW ABOUT NORTH AMERICA REGIONS OF CANADA NATURAL RESOURCES OF CANADA LAND AND WATER IN CANADA CLIMATE IN CANADA Actual Book has 180+ pages Copyright Illegal to copy

2 CHAPTER 5 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN CANADA HISTORY OF CANADA GOVERNMENT IN CANADA CANADIAN ECONOMY CANADIAN WAY OF LIFE CHAPTER 6 THE U.S. AND CANADA TODAY THE BORDER OF THE U.S. AND CANADA ALIKE AND DIFFERENT THE U.S. AND CANADA ARE RICH DANGERS WORKING TOGETHER UNIT 2 CENTRAL AMERICA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND SOUTH AMERICA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW CHAPTER 7 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MEXICO ABOUT LATIN AMERICA REGIONS OF MEXICO NATURAL RESOURCES OF MEXICO LAND AND WATER IN MEXICO CLIMATE IN MEXICO CHAPTER 8 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF MEXICO WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN MEXICO HISTORY OF MEXICO GOVERNMENT IN MEXICO MEXICO'S ECONOMY WAY OF LIFE IN MEXICO CHAPTER 9 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ABOUT CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGIONS OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Copyright Illegal to copy

3 NATURAL RESOURCES OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN A CANAL AND ISLANDS CLIMATE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CHAPTER 10 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN GOVERNMENTS IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ECONOMIES WAY OF LIFE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CHAPTER 11 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AMERICA ABOUT SOUTH AMERICA REGIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTH AMERICA LAND AND WATER IN SOUTH AMERICA CLIMATE IN SOUTH AMERICA CHAPTER 12 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AMERICA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN SOUTH AMERICA HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS ECONOMY IN SOUTH AMERICA WAY OF LIFE IN SOUTH AMERICA UNIT 3 EUROPE AND NORTHERN EURASIA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW CHAPTER 13 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE ABOUT NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE REGIONS OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE NATURAL RESOURCES OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE LAND AND WATER IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE CLIMATE IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE Copyright Illegal to copy

4 CHAPTER 14 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE HISTORY OF NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE GOVERNMENTS IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE ECONOMY IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE WAY OF LIFE IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN EUROPE CHAPTER 15 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE ABOUT CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE REGIONS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE NATURAL RESOURCES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE LAND AND WATER IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE CLIMATE IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE CHAPTER 16 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE GOVERNMENTS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE ECONOMY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE WAY OF LIFE IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE CHAPTER 17 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA ABOUT NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA REGIONS OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA LAND AND WATER IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA CLIMATE IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA CHAPTER 18 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA HISTORY OF NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA GOVERNMENTS IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA Copyright Illegal to copy

5 ECONOMY IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA WAY OF LIFE IN NORTHERN EURASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA UNIT 4 AFRICA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW CHAPTER 19 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AND EAST AFRICA ABOUT AFRICA REGIONS OF NORTH AND EAST AFRICA NATURAL RESOURCES OF NORTH AND EAST AFRICA LAND AND WATER IN NORTH AND EAST AFRICA CLIMATE IN NORTH AND EAST AFRICA CHAPTER 20 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AND EAST AFRICA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN NORTH AND EAST AFRICA HISTORY OF NORTH AND EAST AFRICA GOVERNMENTS IN NORTH AND EAST AFRICA NORTH AND EAST AFRICAN ECONOMIES WAY OF LIFE IN NORTH AND EAST AFRICA CHAPTER 21 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA ABOUT WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA REGIONS OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA NATURAL RESOURCES OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA LAND AND WATER IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA CLIMATE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA CHAPTER 22 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA HISTORY OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA GOVERNMENTS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA ECONOMIES IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA WAY OF LIFE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA Copyright Illegal to copy

6 CHAPTER 23 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA ABOUT SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA LAND AND WATER IN SOUTHERN AFRICA CLIMATE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA CHAPTER 24 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA HISTORY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA GOVERNMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA ECONOMY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA WAY OF LIFE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA UNIT 5 SOUTH AND EAST ASIA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW CHAPTER 25 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA ABOUT SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA REGIONS OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA LAND AND WATER IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA CLIMATE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA CHAPTER 26 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA HISTORY OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA GOVERNMENTS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA ECONOMY IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA WAY OF LIFE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST ASIA CHAPTER 27 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF EAST ASIA ABOUT EAST ASIA REGIONS OF EAST ASIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF EAST ASIA Copyright Illegal to copy

7 LAND AND WATER IN EAST ASIA CLIMATE IN EAST ASIA CHAPTER 28 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EAST ASIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN EAST ASIA HISTORY OF EAST ASIA GOVERNMENTS IN EAST ASIA ECONOMY IN EAST ASIA WAY OF LIFE IN EAST ASIA CHAPTER 29 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA ABOUT SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA LAND AND WATER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA CLIMATE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA CHAPTER 30 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA GOVERNMENTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ECONOMY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA WAY OF LIFE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA UNIT 6 AUSTRALIA, OCEANIA, AND ANTARCTICA IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW CHAPTER 31 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA ABOUT AUSTRALIA REGIONS OF AUSTRALIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LAND AND WATER IN AUSTRALIA CLIMATE IN AUSTRALIA Copyright Illegal to copy

8 CHAPTER 32 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN AUSTRALIA HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT ECONOMY IN AUSTRALIA WAY OF LIFE IN AUSTRALIA CHAPTER 33 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF OCEANIA ABOUT OCEANIA REGIONS OF OCEANIA NATURAL RESOURCES OF OCEANIA LAND AND WATER IN OCEANIA CLIMATE IN OCEANIA CHAPTER 34 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IN OCEANIA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN OCEANIA HISTORY OF OCEANIA GOVERNMENTS IN OCEANIA ECONOMY IN OCEANIA WAY OF LIFE IN OCEANIA CHAPTER 35 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ANTARCTICA ABOUT ANTARCTICA REGIONS OF ANTARCTICA NATURAL RESOURCES OF ANTARCTICA LAND AND WATER IN ANTARCTICA CLIMATE IN ANTARCTICA CHAPTER 36 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF ANTARCTICA WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN ANTARCTICA HISTORY OF ANTARCTICA NO GOVERNMENT IN ANTARCTICA ECONOMY IN ANTARCTICA WAY OF LIFE IN ANTARCTICA IMPORTANT WORDS AND MEANINGS Copyright Illegal to copy

9 IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW Chapter 1 1. analysis 2. atmosphere 3. biome 4. boundary 5. cartographer 6. climate 7. culture 8. economy 9. environment 10. geography 11. hydrosphere 12. lithosphere 13. population 14. region 15. weather Chapter 2 1. Appalachian Mountains 2. canyon 3. deciduous 4. hydroelectricity 5. manufacture 6. mineral 7. petroleum 8. plateau 9. tourism 10. tundra READ THESE WORDS ALOUD THREE TIMES WITH YOUR TEACHER! Chapter 3 1. constitutional republic 2. democracy 3. executive 4. foreign 5. free enterprise 6. Hanukkah 7. judicial 8. legislative 9. mosaic 10. separation of powers Chapter 4 1. chinook 2. fertile soil 3. frontier 4. humid 5. maritime 6. migrating birds 7. taiga 8. territory Chapter 5 1. Eskimo 2. federal 3. gross domestic product (GDP) 4. immigrate 5. Inuit 6. monarchy 7. nationalism 8. parliamentary Chapter 6 1. avalanche 2. blizzard 3. defi cit 4. identifi cation Copyright Illegal to copy 1

10 GEOGRAPHY Do you like to... see new places? make new friends? watch the Olympics? Geography helps you know more about places and people. Geography tells about Earth. geo earth graphy to write or describe Five Main Ideas (Themes) 1. Location: Where are we? Tells the exact place. Ex: a street address Describes where something is. Ex: "The shop is in the mall." 2. Place: What kind of place is it? Made by nature: mountains, rivers, soil, plants, and animals Made by man: buildings, roads, clothing 3. People/Environment: How do people and the environment affect each other? People adapt to the environment. Ex: We wear shorts in the summer. People change the environment. Ex: When it is hot, we use air conditioning to change the temperature. People need the environment. Ex: We need rivers and lakes for water. 4. Movement: How does movement change our lives? People are always on the move! Ideas, food, fads, goods, and information move from place to place too. 5. Region (area): What is the same about this area? Formal regions have boundaries. Ex: cities, states, counties, and countries Business regions. Ex: the area that a radio station can be heard Some regions have no real boundaries, but everyone knows where it is. Ex: the South The Game: Write the example next to each idea. the area of a TV station mountains 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. trucking food across the country using a heater to warm the temperature 1. Location: 2. Place: 3. People/Environment: 4. Movement: 5. Region: Geography is the study of where things are and why. What does "geo" mean? Copyright Illegal to copy 2

11 TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY A geographer is a scientist. Geographers study Earth and how people act with the planet. Geographers' tools are more than just equipment! Tools also include the different ways geographers get information. Geographers' Tools 1. fi eld study looking at what is around you 2. mapping showing information on maps, globes, and GPS 3. interviews asking people questions about how they interact with their environment 4. analysis fi nding hidden patterns, fi nding points that can't be measured, or planning and exploring 5. scientific tools fancy tools that get information or measure distances and shapes that are hard to get to, or really big Some people think a geographer makes maps. Wrong! A cartographer makes maps. Cartography means to draw or make maps. cart map or chart graphy to write or describe The Game: Write the letters for the geographers' tool next to the example. FS = fi eld study M = mapping I = interviews A = analysis ST= scientifi c tools 1. The pirate drew a map and marked where the treasure was buried. 2. Joe saw fewer trees as he climbed higher up the mountain. 3. People in a fl ood area were asked if their homes washed away. 4. Planners mark the big trees to save before they build a park. 5. Doppler radar and satellites track tornadoes. What does a cartographer do? Copyright Illegal to copy 3

12 EARTH Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is mostly covered by oceans of salt water. Continents cover the rest. What happens on Earth affects us! Inside Earth Earth has layers like an onion. Crust outside layer; about 10 miles of rock and loose materials Mantle a rocky layer; most of the total weight and mass of Earth Outer Core made up of super-heated molten lava (iron and nickel) Inner Core a solid ball (mostly iron and nickel) The deep layers are hot, dense, and under a lot of pressure! Outside Earth Lithosphere the crust and the upper part of the mantle Hydrosphere the part of Earth that is covered with water or ice Atmosphere the thin layer of air around Earth We live in the biosphere! That's where the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and land come together. Life exists in the biosphere. litho stone atmo air hydro water bio life The Game: Write T for TRUE or F for FALSE. 1. Most of Earth is covered by ocean. 2. The crust is a solid ball of iron and nickel. 3. Deep inside Earth's core is salt water. 4. We walk on the Earth's crust. 5. Fish swim in the hydrosphere. What is the Greek word for water? Copyright Illegal to copy 4

13 SEASONS, CLIMATE, AND LIFE Earth goes around the Sun. It also spins on its axis. The axis is an imaginary line that goes through Earth's center and ends at each pole. Spring, summer, autumn (fall), and winter happen because Earth does not sit up straight! The axis is tilted, so the Sun shines more on different parts of the world at different times of the year. One day in late March and one day in late September all places on Earth get 12 hours of sunlight. Day and night are equal! These two days are called equinoxes. Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get! Climate is the typical weather in a place. Climate is temperature, rainfall, and wind. The climate of a desert is usually arid (dry). If you go to the desert and it is raining, the climate will still be dry, but the weather is rainy that day. What affects climate? latitude the tilt of Earth's axis Earth's wind belts the difference in temperatures of land and sea the shape of the land (mountains, valleys, flatlands) People! Pollution can really mess up climate! To know which plants and animals can live in an area, check out the climate! Biomes A biome is a large area that has the same climate, plants, and animals. There are about seven land biomes on Earth. The Game: Draw a picture of the climate in each biome. desert grasslands If the days are much longer than the nights, is it summer or winter? Why? Copyright Illegal to copy 5

14 PEOPLE AND PLACES Human geography is about people and places. It is how people interact with the environment. Different Kinds of Human Geography Cultural how people live; how ways of life change or stay the same from one place or time to another Urban cities. Urban is another word for city. It's important to study location, size, land use, and problems when building or planning cities. Economic how people make money in different places Political government. People make rules for their group. Some people vote, but many do not have the right to vote. Population the number of people living in an area; patterns of population and why people live in certain places The Game: Write the letters for the kind of geography next to the examples. C = cultural U = urban E = economic Pol = political P = population 1. planning how to use city land in a smart way 2. a group trades goods and services with another group 3. why some places have many people 4. the language, religion, and traditions of a group of people 5. a group of people make decisions by voting Look at the population graph above. About how many people were there in 1850? billion In 2000? billion Copyright Illegal to copy 6

15 THE U.S. AND CANADA ARE A REGION A region is a large area. There is something about that area that is the same. For example, the United States of America (U.S.) and Canada are a region because they both stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. They share mountain ranges and the Great Plains. The U.S. and Canada are two huge countries! Mountains and Grassland The U.S. and Canada share mountain ranges and grasslands. The Appalachian Mountains are along the eastern side. They are really old mountains. The Rocky Mountains and the Pacifi c Mountains are along the western side. They are young mountains. In the middle is a huge stretch of grassland called the Great Plains. Do you like bread? Bread is made with wheat, which is a kind of grass. Most wheat is grown in the U.S. on the Great Plains. Grain from the Great Plains is shipped all over the world! The U.S. Midwest is known as the Breadbasket of the World. The Game: Draw a map of North America. Label the U.S. and Canada. A continent is a huge chunk of land. There are seven continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Which continent do you call home? Copyright Illegal to copy 7

16 REGIONS OF THE U.S. The U.S. has four main areas or regions. 1. Northeast smallest region a lot of people! U.S. political and financial center Boston, New York, Washington, D.C. 2. Midwest (Central) farming center of the U.S. Corn Belt, Wheat Belt, and Dairy Belt Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, St. Paul, St. Louis 3. South large region from Virginia to Texas called the Bible Belt farming, manufacturing, and tourism home to 1/3 of the U.S. population Dallas, Houston, Miami, Atlanta, Virginia Beach, Nashville, New Orleans 4. West largest region raise livestock (cattle, sheep, hogs) gold and silver mining manufacturing and computers most people here live along the Pacifi c coast Los Angeles, Seattle, Phoenix, Denver The Game: Write the letter for the region next each characteristic. N = Northeast M = Midwest S = South W = West 1. produces the most milk and dairy products 2. has the capital of the U.S. 3. produces gold and silver 4. stretches from Virginia to Texas 5. smallest region Which region do you live in? Copyright Illegal to copy 8

17 U.S. NATURAL RESOURCES The U.S. is a rich country. There are many natural resources. A natural resource is anything from nature that people can use. Natural Resources air sunlight water soil trees minerals and metals (oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold, copper, nickel, silver) Natural resources are used to make things people need and want, such as food, fuel, manufactured goods, and fun! From this resource We get Forests Lumber to build homes and furniture and to make paper Farmland Crops, such as wheat, corn, fruit Livestock, such as cattle and hogs Rivers Drinking water! Water for hydroelectric energy and water sports Fish Mines Petroleum to make plastics and fuel for cars Gas for heating homes Metals, such as nickel (to make coins and electric guitar strings) FYI: Refi ned oil is not a natural resource because people make it from petroleum. The Game: Write two fun things to do in each natural resource. 1. Water 2. Air 3. Sunlight 4. Soil (beach) 5. Trees Flowers, wild animals, birds, and other living things are natural resources. List one more natural resource. Copyright Illegal to copy 9

18 LAND AND WATER IN THE U.S. The U.S. has lots of water. North America has more lakes and rivers than any other continent. Long ago, giant sheets of ice made most of these lakes. The U.S. has many different landforms. A landform is a special shape in the land. Kinds of Landforms plains mountains plateaus canyons hills mesas volcanic islands Old Mountains The Appalachian Mountains stretch along the eastern side of Canada and the U.S. down to the middle of Alabama. This chain of old mountains is so worn that in many places they are just rolling hills. Young Mountains The Rocky Mountains stretch along the western side of Canada and the U.S. through these states: Washington Idaho Montana Wyoming Utah Colorado New Mexico The Rockies are the largest mountain system in North America. The Rockies are young! You can tell they are young mountains because they have steep sides, deep canyons, and active volcanoes. Coastal Ranges Along the western coast are two mountain ranges that stretch side-by-side from Alaska to Mexico. Valleys are between them. One range goes from Oregon to California along the ocean. It includes the Olympic Mountains. The other range is farther inland. It includes the Alaska Range, the Cascade Range, and the Sierra Nevada. Between the old Appalachians and the young Rockies lie the Great Plains. This land is mostly flat with good soil. There are rolling hills in some places. The Great Plains stretch from south-central Canada into Texas and Mexico. The Game: Look at the maps. Follow the directions. 1. Write the names of the mountain ranges on the maps above. Appalachian Rocky Coastal 2. Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in North America. It is in the Alaska Range. Draw an X on Alaska. Copyright Illegal to copy 10

19 U.S. CLIMATE The U.S. has almost every kind of climate. The Game: Draw a picture showing the climate in each area. Rocky Mountains Southern U.S. States Hawaii Southwestern U.S. Copyright Illegal to copy 11

20 WHERE PEOPLE LIVE IN THE U.S. Most Americans live along the Atlantic, Pacifi c, Gulf, and Great Lakes shores. More than 80% live in cities and suburbs. California and Texas are the states with the most people. New York City is the city with the most people. The U.S. is the third largest country in the world in population. Only China and India have more people. About 90% of Americans were born in the U.S. However, their ancestors came from almost every part of the world. Population: U.S. Census Bureau Report Gender ,421,906 people Females: 51% Males: 49% ,745,538 people Race Whites (including Hispanics): 72% African Americans: 13% Asian: 5% Native Americans: 1% Other groups: 9% How long do Americans live? Longer than people in most countries. Females: 80 years Males: 75 years Is the U.S. a melting pot, a salad bowl, or a mosaic? Melting Pot different groups blend to make an "American" culture Salad Bowl different groups keep the culture of their race; America is a mix of different groups living together Mosaic cultures of different groups are valued and should not blend The Game: Look at the map. Follow the directions. 1. Draw an X on each of the two states with the most people. 2. Circle the name of the city that has the most people. Copyright Illegal to copy 12

21 U.S. ECONOMY No one can beat the U.S. economy. Economy is how people produce and sell goods and services. The U.S. can produce a huge amount of goods and services. Why? Because the U.S. has a lot of natural resources skilled workers stability; there is not a lot of fi ghting in the U.S. These things make the U.S. a superpower. Important! The U.S. economy is based on free enterprise. People own and run most businesses. The government does not have much control over businesses. Americans have one of the world's highest standards of living. Standard of living is the wealth, comfort, and things of a person or a group. how much money you make how good your house is how good your education is how good your health is how many hours you have to work to buy what you need Quality of life is very important too. It includes many things Americans take for granted, such as freedom from slavery and torture equal protection of the law freedom of religion free choice of employment the right to vote the right to fair pay the right to education the right to human dignity the right to marry the right to have a family the right to be treated equally no matter what your gender, race, language, religion, political ideas, where you are from, or if you are rich or poor The U.S. produces everything from coal to gold. U.S. exports include aircraft, electronics, cars, medicine, machinery, chemicals, telecommunications, wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, natural gas, and more. But even strong countries sometimes have trouble. In 2008, the stock market crashed, and most Americans had serious money problems. The Game: Underline three rights or freedoms that are important to you. Is the U.S. money the euro, the dollar, or the peso? Copyright Illegal to copy 15

22 WAY OF LIFE IN THE U.S. If you're American... You believe deep down that people have rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, and perhaps by God. You love sports! Your laws are written in English. You probably live in the city or suburbs. You own a pair of blue jeans. You are part of the middle class. You like computers and new gadgets! You eat out and have used a credit card. You measure things in feet, pounds, and gallons. You celebrate freedom on July 4th with a picnic and fi reworks, Thanksgiving with a turkey dinner, and Christmas or Hanukkah by giving gifts. You own a phone and a TV. Your home is heated in the winter and has a bathroom. You don't have a dirt fl oor. You eat at a table and sit on chairs. You don't eat bugs, dogs, cats, or monkeys. It seems normal that companies are owned by people, not the government. You think most problems could be solved if people would work together. You take a strong court system for granted. You know that if you had problems with someone, you could take them to court. You know that kids must go to school at least until age 16 (or 18). School is free. College isn't. You expect to marry for love, not have your marriage arranged by someone. You don't pay bribes to the police. You get good medical care. You expect doctors and nurses to work hard to save sick babies and old people. Your country has never been conquered by a foreign nation. You drive on the right side of the road. You stop at red lights even if nobody's around. The police are armed, but not with submachine guns. You think people should earn a living and not take handouts. When you talk to someone, you stand about two feet away. The Game: Read each statement above. If you agree, check the box. Copyright Illegal to copy 16

23 THE BORDER OF THE U.S. AND CANADA The longest border in the world is between the U.S. and Canada. Facts About the U.S./Canadian Border 5,525 miles long called the International Boundary crosses through forests, mountains, farmland, the St. Lawrence River, and the Great Lakes includes the Atlantic, Pacifi c, and Arctic oceans Four airports are partly in the U.S. and partly in Canada. The border even cuts through buildings in Vermont and Quebec. They were built before the border lines were set. On the Maine/New Brunswick border, it divides a golf course! Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is an awesome waterfall on the border between Ontario and New York. It's a U.S. family vacation spot. About 20 million people visit every year! Water going over the Falls could fi ll 50 Olympic-size pools in one minute! There are three falls; Horseshoe Falls is the most beautiful. The Falls began forming when glaciers melted at the end of the last ice age. You can see a rainbow almost every day! The water does not freeze. Fish go over the Falls all the time. Niagara Falls is a romantic honeymoon spot! The Game: Draw an ad about Niagara Falls. What word is the same as a boundary line? Copyright Illegal to copy 27

24 ALIKE AND DIFFERENT The U.S. and Canada are alike in many ways. Both countries were once European colonies. People from all over the world make the U.S. and Canada their home. Many languages are spoken, but English is the main language. Most people live in the city, but they have the freedom to live anywhere they want. People in both countries respect values, such as hard work and following the law. The governments represent their people. Their laws give people freedom and rights. For example, people have the right to be treated fairly in a court of law. Also, both governments provide free education for young people. Detroit, U.S. Who lives longer? Canadians! The Canadian government gives everyone health care. In the U.S., hospitals and clinics are businesses. They are generally set up to make money. Toronto, Canada Both Americans and Canadians have a high standard of living. Most American and Canadian homes have indoor plumbing, heat for the winter, phones, and TVs. Americans and Canadians eat the same kinds of food. Both love sports. Some holidays, such as New Year's Day, are celebrated by both countries. The Game: Look at the pictures of the row houses. List three things that are alike about the houses. Toronto, Canada Philadelphia, U.S Copyright Illegal to copy 28

25 THE U.S. AND CANADA ARE RICH The U.S. and Canada are both rich superpowers! Both countries are huge. Both have many natural resources. They get along and do a lot of business with each other. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) made trading easy. Both countries have a free market system, so people can own businesses. There are laws that protect the health and safety of workers. In Canada, the government owns and runs some services, such as radio and TV stations. The government does not run businesses in the U.S. The U.S. has a trade deficit. That means the U.S. spends more money than it earns. The U.S. buys more goods from other countries than it earns from the goods it exports. Not smart! Canada has a trade surplus. That means Canada is making money! Canada makes more money on exported goods than it spends on goods bought from other countries. Big Mac Index The Big Mac Index is a funny way to see how strong an economy is. It shows how much a McDonald's Big Mac costs in different countries. Look at the chart. A Big Mac is cheaper in the U.S. than in Canada. This is one way to show that Americans have about 20% more buying power than Canadians. The Game: What is the cost of a Big Mac? 1. U.S. $ 2. Canada $ 3. Britain $ 4. Japan $ 5. Switzerland $ You have $10. How many Big Macs can you buy? 1. in India 3. in the U.S. 2. in Brazil 4. in Canada Copyright Illegal to copy 29