netw rks Guided Reading Activity Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Earth's Physical Geography

Transcription

1 Guided Reading Activity Lesson 1 Earth and the Sun Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Looking at Earth Directions: What are the layers that make up Earth? Use your textbook to complete the sentences that describe each layer. 1. The center of Earth is called the. It is divided into two parts, a and an made up of. 2. The middle layer of Earth is called the. It is made up of hot, dense rock called. 3. The outer layer of Earth is the. This is the that forms the surface of Earth. Directions: Complete the chart with the names of Earth s four major physical systems. Physical System Made up of water: oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers, groundwater, and ice landforms: mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, and ocean basins gases: nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases living things: people, animals, and plants 1

2 Seasons Directions: Complete the concept webs with the correct term. around June 21 the day of the year when the North Pole is tilted toward the sun the day with the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere around December 22 the day of the year when the North Pole is tilted away from the sun the day with the most hours of sunlight in the Southern Hemisphere 2 the first day of winter in the Northern Hemisphere

3 midway between the two solstices around September 23 and March 21 day and night are of equal length in both hemispheres the sun s rays are directly overhead at the Equator Factors that Influence Climate Directions: Fill in the blanks to explain how each of the following factors influences climate. 1. Elevation: The atmosphere is at higher elevations so the air holds less heat. 2. Wind and Ocean Currents: The movement of air and water helps to the temperature on Earth. 3. Weather: Weather conditions that occur in an area over a period of time determine the region s climate. 4. Landforms: Landforms and land masses the strength, speed, and direction of wind and ocean currents and affect precipitation. 3

4 Different Types of Climate Zones Directions: The first column below lists Earth s six basic climate zones. Write a description of each zone in the second column. Climate Zone Description Tropical Desert Humid Temperate Cold Temperate Polar High Mountain 4

5 Guided Reading Activity P Lesson 2 Forces of Change Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Forces of Change Directions: Complete the chart by filling in the effect of each of the following forces of change. 1. EFFECT: CAUSE: The surface plates that make up Earth s crust move and shift over millions of years. 2. EFFECT: CAUSE: The surface plates move suddenly along fault lines. 3. CAUSE: A volcano erupts or the surface plates move suddenly under the ocean floor. EFFECT: 1

6 Other Forces at Work Directions: Explain how each of the following forces can change Earth s surface and provide an example of each. Force Explanation Example Weathering Erosion Buildup and Movement Human Actions 2

7 Guided Reading Activity Lesson 3 Landforms and Bodies of Water Essential Question: How does geography influence the way people live? Land Takes Different Forms Directions: Use your textbook to identify each type of landform. 1. a flat landform that rises above the surrounding land 2. a flat or gently rolling landform that can be found inland or along a coastline 3. a lowland area between two higher sides 4. the largest of all landmasses that can be bordered by land and water or completely surrounded by water 5. a smaller landmass that is completely surrounded by water. 6. a long, narrow landform that extends into a river, lake, or ocean 7. a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas 8. an underwater plain that borders a continent 9. a long, narrow, steep-sided cut in the ground or the ocean floor 10. a string of mountains on land or on the ocean floor 1

8 The Blue Planet Directions: Use your textbook to decide if each statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank. If a statement is false, rewrite it correctly. 1. The water on Earth s surface is mainly freshwater. 2. Plants and animals can t live in salt water. 3. Desalination is a process that makes salt water safe to drink. 4. Most freshwater on Earth is found in lakes, rivers, ponds, swamps, marshes, and underground. 5. Groundwater contained inside Earth s crust is an important source of drinking water. 6. The world s four huge oceans are all connected to form one enormous global ocean. 7. A coastal area where ocean water is completely surrounded by land is called a bay. 8. A gulf is a larger area of ocean waters surrounded by continents and islands. 2

9 9. Most rivers begin at an ocean or lake and flow toward higher ground. 10. A delta is an area where sand, silt, clay, or gravel is deposited at the mouth of a river. The Water Cycle Directions: Use your textbook to identify the three steps in the water cycle. 1 Heat energy from the sun causes liquid water to change into water vapor and become part of the atmosphere. 2 3 Water vapor rises, gathers into clouds, and transforms into a denser liquid or solid state. 3 Water falls back to Earth s surface as rain, hail, or snow.