Design of Process Equipment-Distillation Column, CSTR and Adsorber. Introduc)on Equipments. Department of Chemical Engineering SRM University

Transcription

1 Design of Process Equipment-Distillation Column, CSTR and Adsorber Introduc)on Equipments Department of Chemical Engineering SRM University 1

2 Distillation Dis)lla)on is the separa)on of liquid mixtures into their various components is one of the major opera)ons in process industries and dis)lla)on is the most commonly used method of achieving this end and it is the key opera)on in any oil company 2

3 Distillation Methods There are three principal methods used in prac)ce and all rely on the following: i. Differen)al or Batch dis)lla)on ii. Flash dis)lla)on iii. Con)nuous or Rec)fica)on 3

4 Distillation Differential (or) Batch Distillation hlps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dis)lla)on 4

5 Distillation Flash Distillation 5

6 Distillation Continuous or Rectification 6

7 Distillation Flash distillation Note: Of the three principal types, rec)fica)on is the most important and it differs from the other two methods in that part of vapor is condensed and returned as the liquid to the s)ll, whereas, in the other methods, all the vapor either removed as such or condensed as product. 7

8 Distillation Other Methods Based on modes of opera0on Batch and Con)nuous Based on pressure employed atmospheric and vacuum Based on components Binary and Mul)component dis)lla)on 8

9 Reactors types The reactors are the heart of the chemical produc)on process It is the one of the main place where the raw materials are converted into products and reactor design is a vital step in the overall design of process. 9

10 Reactors types Mode of opera)on : Batch and Con)nuous Phases present : homogeneous or heterogeneous Based ideality : ideal and non-ideal Based on catalyst use and contact palern: i. Con)nuous s)rred tank reactor ii. Tubular or plug flow reactor iii. Packed bed reactor iv. Fixed and moving bed reactor v. Fluidized bed reactor 10

11 Reactors types Constant S)rred Tank Reactor Plug flow or Tubular reactors 11

12 Reactors types Packed bed reactor Fixed and moving bed reactor 12

13 Adsorption It is a process in which molecules of adsorbate alached to the surface of a solid adsorbant. In otherwords, the ability of certain solids preferen)ally to concentrate specific substances from solu)on onto their solid surfaces In this manner, the components of either liquid or gaseous solu)ons can be separated from each other. 13

14 Adsorption-Classification Modes of opera)on Batch and Con)nuous Based on phenomena Physical or Chemical adsorp)on Based on contact palern Single and Mul) stage contactors 14

15 Adsorption-Applications Liquid Separa0ons - Decoloniza)on of petroleum products and aqeous sugar solu)ons - Removal of objec)onable color and odor from water - Frac)ona)on of mixtures of aroma)c and parafinic hydrocarbons 15

16 Adsorption-Applications Gaseous Separa0ons - Used to dehumidify air and other gases - Removal of objec)onable color and impuri)es from industrial gases such as CO 2 - To recover valuable solvent vapors from dilute mixtures with air and other gases. - To frac)onate the mixtures of hydrocarbon gases containing substances as methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene and propane 16

17 Adsorption-Applications Gaseous Separa0ons - Used to dehumidify air and other gases - Removal of objec)onable color and impuri)es from industrial gases such as CO 2 - To recover valuable solvent vapors from dilute mixtures with air and other gases. - To frac)onate the mixtures of hydrocarbon gases containing substances as methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene and propane 17

18 References Coulson and Richardson, (2002) Par)cle Technology and Separa)on Science, Vol. 2, 5 th edi)on, BuLerworth-Heinemann hlps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dis)lla)on hlp://jpkc.zzu.edu.cn/ehgrlx/109-thermodynamics/blackboard/lesson18/dis)lla)on.html hlp:// hlp:// hlp://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/pages/separa)onschemical/adsorbers/ Adsorbers.html 18