States of Matter. Chemistry The Four States of Matter
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1 States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of Matter 1
2 What is matter? Any substance that has mass and takes up space. Brian Pop Video 2.html 2
3 States of Matter The Four States of Matter 3 Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
4 States of Matter The Four States of Matter Basis of Classification of the Four Types particle arrangement energy of particles distance between particles 4
5 States of Matter Solids Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles move slowly. 5
6 States of Matter Solids Particle Movement Examples 6
7 States of Matter Liquids Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glass Particles move more quickly. 7
8 States of Matter Liquids Particle Movement Examples 8
9 States of Matter Gases 9 Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles move very fast.
10 States of Matter Gases Particle Movement Examples 10
11 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles 11 Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another
12 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another. Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles. Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another. 12
13 States of Matter 13 Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.
14 States of Matter The Four States of Matter The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure 14 Particle arrangement Particle energy Particle to particle distance
15 States of Matter Video 15
16 Phase Changes When one phase changes to another. Particles must change their kinetic energy, how fast they are moving. You can do this by adding or taking away heat. 16
17 Phase Changes solid liquid liquid gas solid liquid = melting solid = freezing gas = evaporation liquid = condensation gas = sublimation 17 Chumbler - Properties of Matter
18 Kinetic Theory of Matter The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion, and that motion changes as the temperature changes. 18
19 Temperature During a phase change the temperature of a substance stays the same. 19
20 Physical Properties A characteristic of matter that can be observed by using any of your senses. It doesn t change the composition of the substance Ex. Hardness, density, melting pt. / boiling pt., State (solid, liquid, gas) Size, shape, color, odor, taste
21 Examples of Physical Properties Viscosity-resistance to flow Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared without shattering Hardness-scratch test Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to liquid Density-ratio of mass to volume 21
22 Video showing difference between physical and chemical properties. 22
23 Separate Mixtures Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of particles Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution based on boiling points. 23
24 Physical & Chemical Changes Physical Change- a change in which the form or appearance of matter changes but not its composition Ex. Shape crumpled paper Dissolving Koolaid Change in State
25 Chemical Changes When substances react with each other and form one or more new substances. Tree leaves change color Wood burning Baking a cake 25
26 Chemical Properties Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other substances. 26
27 Evidence of Chemical Change Change in color Production of gas Formation of a precipitate-any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture. Cottage cheese 27
28 Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous 28 Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter. Chemistry The Four States of Matter. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 1
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