Matter Notes (Part 1)

Transcription

1 Matter Notes (Part 1)

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3 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is identified by its properties; shape, size, color, mass, etc. There are two classifications of properties - physical and chemical.

4 Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter For example, appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others. There are two classifications of physical properties - extensive and intensive.

5 Extensive physical properties depend on how much of the sample you have, like mass and volume.

6 Intensive physical properties do not depend on how much of the sample you have, they will still be the same. For example, the density of a piece of copper is 8.92 g/cm 3 whether you have a little piece or if you have a truckload.

7 Chemical properties describe the sample s ability to combine with or change into other substances. If iron (an element - a substance) combines with oxygen (an element - a substance) it will form iron oxide (a compound - a substance), which we usually call rust.

8 With your 3 O Clock partner, you have 1 minute to classify each of the following properties as a physical or chemical property. If it is a physical property, also state if it is extensive or intensive. You don t have to write this down Size Density Color Flammable Corrosive Phase of Matter

9 There are five phases or states of matter Solid, liquids, and gases are by far the most common on earth, but plasmas (extremely high electrical energy - like lightening bolts) are the most common in the universe as all stars are made up of plasma. The fifth phase does not occur naturally anywhere in the universe and is still undergoing research.

10 Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. The atoms in a solid are usually packed very close together and are often locked into a geometric shape (crystal). The atoms can only vibrate a little.

11 Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they still have a definite volume. The atoms in a liquid are still close together, but are free to slide around each other - making them a fluid (able to flow).

12 Gases do not have a definite shape or a definite volume. The atoms spread apart as much as possible and move very fast.

13 Plasmas are similar to gases, only instead of being made of atoms it is made up of electrons.

14 Just as there are two types of properties, there are two types of changes matter can undergo - physical and chemical.

15 Physical changes alter a substance without changing its composition. Common physical changes involve change in shape and size - in other words, changes to a physical property.

16 Phase changes (solid to liquid to gas or vice versa) are ALWAYS physical changes. The composition of the substance does not change, just how close the atoms are to each other and how much they can move. This includes melting, freezing, evaporation, vaporizing (boiling), and condensing.

17 Chemical changes alter the composition of a substance. Thus chemical changes always alter physical properties.

18 Evidences of chemical changes include changes in color, texture, odor, the appearance or disappearance of a solid, and possibly a change in magnetic ability.

19 No matter which change occurs, at all times the Law of Conservation of Matter must be applied. If you rip a piece of paper into 4 parts, the mass of all 4 parts must equal the mass of the original piece of paper. Also, the mass of all substances before a chemical change must equal the mass of all new substances after the chemical change.

20 With your 9 O clock partner answer the following When burning a log in a fireplace, you start with a large piece of wood and get just a little bit of ashes left over. If the law of conservation of mass is true (and it is), what happened to the rest of the mass?

21 Summarize the key points of the notes- you have 3 minutes. (Basically think about things we spent a lot of time on and things that stick out in your head.) You can also write any questions or things you are confused about here. Glue notes to page 10