Fall Final Exam Review: 8 th grade Independent variable: Dependent variable: Scientific Investigations:

Transcription

1 Name: Due Date: Class Per. Fall Final Exam Review: 8 th grade 2015 Scientific Investigations: 1. What is Qualitative data? Give an example. 2. What is Quantitative Data? Give an example. 3. Explain the two types of variables in an experiment: Independent variable: Dependent variable: 4. List 4 safety rules and why they are important: A: B: C: D: 5. Give a quick summary of the scientific process: Cyclical Movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon 6. What causes day and night? 7. Why does the Earth have seasons? 1

2 8. Label the seasons that the Northern Hemisphere would experience on the diagram below. 9. Label and shade in the chart below, the moon phase we would see at each of the positions on the diagram above

3 10.The phase of the moon you see depends on what? 11.If you see a full moon tonight how much time will pass before you see the next full moon? 12.What is a Spring tide? Draw the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun during a spring tide. 13.What is a Neap tide? Draw the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun during a neap tide. Role of Oceans and Weather 14. Why does convection take place? 15. What is the original source of energy that heats air and causes wind? 16.What happens as air masses move over bodies of water? 17.Why do hurricanes usually form off the coast of Africa? 3

4 18. Use the pictures above to answer these questions: a. Which diagram shows the formation of a sea breeze? Now explain how the air moves due to the heat source. b. Which diagram shows the formation of a land breeze? Now explain how the air moves due to the heat source. 19. Fill in the chart for fronts: Type of Front Cold Warm Description Cold fronts occur when a colder, drier air mass pushes out a warmer, wetter one Warm fronts occur when a warmer air mass pushes out cooler, drier air Weather before the front Weather after the front Picture/Symbol 20. How do the oceans affect the global climate? 21. How do warm ocean currents affect the climate of Florida? 4

5 22. Which direction do cold fronts typically move in the United States? 23. What type of weather is associated with high pressure? 24.What type of weather is associated with low pressure? Ecology 25. Define and give an example of each type of symbiotic relationship listed below: Relationship Definition Example Effect on each organism Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism 26. What are biotic factors? Give examples. 27. What are abiotic factors? Give examples. 28. How do producers provide a crucial role in most ecosystems? 29. What do producers and consumers get from one another? 5

6 30. Give an example of a producer/consumer relationship. 31. Give an example of organisms competing for abiotic factors (be specific). 32. Describe the relationship between most predator and prey populations. 33.What might this relationship look like in graph form? Find a graph and replicate it here, or create your own. 34. What is natural selection? How does the environment select organisms? 35. How are humans dependent on the oceans? 36. What are some positive impacts humans can have on oceans? 37. What are some negative impacts humans can have on oceans? Chemistry 38. Describe the structure of an atom, explaining the particles and where they are located: 39. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element? 6

7 40. What is an element? 41. Define the following: Ion Anion Cation 42. Define the following: Atomic number Elemental or chemical symbol Atomic mass 43. If an element has a different number of neutrons, it is known as an. 44. List the three parts to the Particle Theory of Matter: a. b. c. 7 th grade flashback!! There will be some test questions from concepts you learned in 7 th grade. 45. Match the 6 types of energy and their definitions chemical energy mechanical energy thermal energy nuclear energy radiant energy electrical energy a. energy from electrons b. energy from atoms moving c. energy from within atoms d. energy of movement e. energy stored in the bonds of atoms f. energy from electromagnetic waves 46. What is an example of an energy conversion in ecosystems? Choose one: a. Plants using thermal energy to make chemical energy b. A bobcat eating a rabbit, using mechanical energy to make chemical energy c. A bird eating a seed using chemical energy to eat more chemical energy 7

8 47. Define weathering, erosion and deposition Weathering Erosion Deposition 48. What makes a chemical compound organic? 49. What is the formula for work? (include units) 50. Calculate force (don t forget units!). A girl is pulling her brother in a wagon uphill. She uses 50N of force to move him up the hill 10 meters. How much work did the girl accomplish? Show your work: 51. Correctly identify these various lab equipment pieces and the job they are used for. Place the letter next to the object. a. Graduated cylinder used to measure liquid volume b. Test tube used to mix, store or heat small amounts of substances c. Triple beam balance use to measure mass in grams d. Meter stick used to measure length in the metric system with cm, or m e. Microscope used to make things look larger 8