2. What are the four most common gasses in the atmosphere and their percentages?

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1 Meteorology Review Directions: Answer the following open ended review questions. Utilize a diagram where appropriate and do make sure that you label and describe the drawing. Atmospheric Composition 1. What is the atmosphere? Science Final Exam June 15 th 8:10-9:40 Period 1 C230 Period 2 C229 Period 4 B214 Period 5 C225 Period 7 C What are the four most common gasses in the atmosphere and their percentages? 3. How would the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere change if there were no plants? 4. In addition to gasses, what other substances can be found in the atmosphere? 5. Compare Earth s early atmosphere with the atmosphere today. Atmospheric Layers 6. List the 4 main layers of the atmosphere GROUND - EARTH S SURFACE 7. What properties are used to distinguish between each of the different layers of the atmosphere? 8. Name and describe the conditions (temperature and pressure) of the four main layers of Earth s atmosphere Layer Pressure Temperature

2 9. What happens to the temperature as you travel up through the atmosphere? 10. What happens to the temperature between each layer of the atmosphere? 11. What happens to the air pressure as you travel up through the atmosphere? 12. Why might the air pressure near the surface be greater than the air pressure above it? 13. Where might the Ozone layer be located what happens to the temperature right above this location? Air Quality and Pollution 14. Define Pollution. 15. Name three different natural sources and three different human activities that lead to pollution. 16. Name three different human activities that lead to pollution. 17. Name and describe the two different types of smog below. SMOG TYPE: SMOG TYPE: DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION 18. Describe a temperature inversion below. 19. What is the relationship between the presence of a temperature inversion and the Air Quality?

3 20. Compare the effect of ozone in the troposphere with its effect in the stratosphere. Where is it harmful? Where is it helpful? 21. What is acid rain? 22. How could burning high sulfur coal in a power plant harm a forest hundreds of kilometers away Air Pressure and Isobars 23. Describe the relationship between the size of a planet, the thickness of the atmosphere, and the atmospheric pressure at the surface. 24. [TRUE / FALSE] Air has mass because it is made of atoms, molecules and compounds. 25. [TRUE / FALSE] Air pressure is the weight of air pushing down on an area ONLY from above. 26. [TRUE / FALSE] Molecules in motion have a higher air pressure than those not moving. 27. What are the 3 influences of Air pressure? On the line to the right, describe the effect each has on the air pressure. INFLUENCE OF AIR PRESSURE EFFECT ON AIR PRESSURE 28. What is the difference between heat and temperature of a substance?

4 29. Describe what happens to the movement of air molecules and the density as heat is absorbed from the boxes below. 30. Describe why colder air will sink while warmer are will rise below. 31. How does air pressure move along a pressure gradient? 32. Fill in the table below: AIR PRESSURE Rise or Sink Associated Weather HIGH LOW 33. What instrument do meteorologists use to detect the air pressure of our atmosphere? Fig Using the station models pictured below, interpret the weather conditions. Temperature Pressure Dew pt. Sky conditions Precipitation Wind speed Knots Km/hr Wind speed Direction Fig 2

5 Temperature Pressure Dew pt. Sky conditions Precipitation Wind speed Knots Wind speed Km/hr Direction Fig 3 Temperature Pressure Dew pt. Sky conditions Precipitation Wind speed Knots Km/hr Wind speed Direction Energy in the Atmosphere 35. [TRUE / FALSE] The main source of energy in the atmosphere is referred to as conduction and comes from the Sun. 36. When energy enters into our atmosphere what can happen to this energy? a. b. 37. What is Earth s Energy budget? c. Absorbed by Surface? d. Absorbed by Atmosphere and clouds? e. Reflected by Surface? f. Reflected by Atmosphere and clouds? 38. Draw a picture that represents what happens to the sun s energy as it passes through the atmosphere, then describe how this energy is transferred through the atmosphere.

6 Heat Transfer Transfer 39. Name the three ways in which heat is transferred through our atmosphere, in the second row of boxes give a definition of each type of heat transfer, and finally in the third row draw a picture to represent that type of heat transfer. Definition Drawing 40. What is wind? 41. Describe how temperature and pressure create wind. 42. What are the trends of wind in terms of temperature and pressure? Wind Local and Global

7 43. In the boxes below, draw a picture of each of the different types of localized wind (include a colored convection current and either the sun or moon in your drawing). 44. Describe how both a land and sea breeze are created on the same day in the same location? 45. Describe how both a valley and mountain breeze are created on the same day in the same location? 46. [TRUE / FALSE]: Winds are named from where they are heading. 47. What causes global winds?

8 48. Describe the Coriolis Effect below. 49. The winds will curve to the in the Northern Hemisphere. 50. The winds will curve to the in the Southern Hemisphere. 51. Draw 3 arrows in each box to indicate the direction the wind will travel. Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure High Pressure Low Pressure High Pressure High Pressure Low Pressure 52. Identify the different types of global winds below. a. b. c. 53. Fill out the below diagram for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and indicate the following: d. Hadley Cells Color the convection current e. High Pressure Area f. Low Pressure Area g. Direction of Global Wind h. Name of Global Wind The Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation LOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE

9 54. Draw a picture of the water cycle below. Label each step and describe how water moves through our atmosphere. 55. Describe the atomic structure of ice (solid), water (liquid), and water vapor (gas) in terms of molecular motion and position. 56. What is evaporation? 57. In terms of relative humidity, what is meant by the air is saturated? 58. What is meant by the dew point temperature? 59. What 3 factors are needed in order for a cloud to form? 60. What are the different types of precipitation and the conditions needed for this type of precipitation to form? Air Masses and Fronts

10 61. What is an Air Mass? 62. What are the two ways in which Air Masses are classified? 63. Fill in the chart with the appropriate name of the air mass (cp, ct, ca, mp, mt, ma). DESCRIPTION CONDITION LOCATION FORMED Moist Dry Warm Cold Water Land Tropics Poles 64. What is the air pressure like in the center of an air mass? 65. Describe the origin, temperature, humidity level, wind direction, and name of each Air Mass that influences the weather in the United States. 66. What is the difference between a cyclone and an anticyclone? Draw a picture of each and describe how the wind moves.

11 67. What is a weather front? 68. For each type of front, draw a diagram of the air masses colliding (Cold, Warm, Occluded, and Stationary) and 1. Describe how it forms 2. Associated clouds 3. Type of precipitation 4. Weather map symbol

12 69. Using the diagram below, show where the warm, cool, and cold air is located, write the word warm, cool, and cold on the proper side of each front below. Which direction is the warm front moving? (NE, SE, SW, S, etc.) Draw a HUGE arrow on the map indicating the direction and location this system will take. Severe Weather 70. Describe the process in which lightning is created from a thunderstorm cloud and why we hear thunder? 71. What fuels a hurricane? 72. Describe the process, in which a tornado develops, you can utilize a diagram however you must label each stage clearly.

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