Biology A level induction

Transcription

1 1 Biology A level induction work Name:

2 2 Summer Induction work Year 12 Biology When you start biology in September you will have two teachers for three lessons each. Each teacher will cover a different topic and you will need to organise your files appropriately, so you should come prepared with files, dividers etc in September. An important part of studying for A levels is developing your study skills and in biology you will be asked to do a lot of independent study. This may take the form of reviewing and improving your notes from a lesson, reading around a topic or using the internet to research a topic. Your ability to locate the useful information from large quantities of text is an important skill. There are two tasks for you to complete over the summer in preparation for starting AS biology. These tasks all cover part of the specification and are relevant to your studies. As we will be building on this work during lessons we expect you to have completed the work ready to hand in during your first biology lesson in September. Here are a few dos and don ts which will give you some idea of our expectations for your work. Do Try to complete the work to the best of your ability. Attempt all of the questions (leaving questions out suggests a lack of effort and interest). Write or word process your answers your answers on A4 paper. Don t just scribble answers in the booklet. Use your initiative if you can t find the answer in the information provided then look on the internet or at any relevant textbooks. We expect to see an attempt at every question.

3 3 Write down the websites and/or textbooks you use. Do not Miss out parts of questions with the excuse that you couldn t do it TRY. Forget to do the work or to hand in the work in your first timetabled biology lesson. Cut and paste from the internet or copy directly from books. Task 1 One of the first areas you will cover is cells and microscopy. The parts of the specification you will cover in this task are: Describe the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the functions of the different cellular components Part A Use the site to help you complete a table of organelles and their functions. The organelles you need to cover are listed in the table below. This is a suggested layout for the table landscape orientation would be best. You can draw the organelles by hand if you prefer. One is completed to help you. Name of organelle nucleus Diagram/picture Notes on structure/ daptation Double membrane, with nuclear pores. DNA in association with protein = chromatin function Contains genetic information Nucleolus - Densely stained region Production of ribosomes Mitochondrion Chloroplast Endoplasmic reticulum

4 4 Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Vacuole Lysosomes Centrioles Cell wall Flagella Cilia Part B You will also need to be able to convert from one unit into another so for example converting mm into nm or m. Part of task 2 allows you to try this. Tip: It is easier to present this as a table (we love tables in biology!). Converting units. When measuring objects seen down a microscope we have to use appropriate units. The commonest units are micrometers (symbol m), and nanometres (symbol nm). In order to convert units use the following information. 1cm = 10mm 1mm = 1000m 1m = 1000nm Therefore if an object measures 1cm it can be expressed as 10mm or 10000m or nm. Example Convert 1.2 m into nm, mm and cm 1m = 1000nm so. 1.2 x 1000 = 1200nm But to convert it into mm 1.2 / 1000 = mm

5 5 And to convert 1.2m into cm, simply divide by 1000 to get it into mm then by 10 to put it into cm. So 1.2 / = cm Try these:- Task 2 Plasma membranes This task covers the basics of plasma membranes. 1. State that plasma (cell surface) membranes are selectively permeable barriers; 2. Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure; 3. Describe the roles of the components of the cell membrane; phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, proteins and glycoproteins;

6 6 Use the website below to help you complete the following tasks. On a separate piece of paper - you need to :- 1. Draw and label a plasma membrane. 2. Research the functions of each of the components and draw a table to show this or annotate your diagram. Task 3 Cell Division Why does my cut heal? Your brother, who is 12, was preparing supper last night and cut his hand. Although there is quite a lot of damage to his skin, new skin will form over the cut in a few weeks. He knows that this is something to do with cells being able to divide but he wants to know more details. Your parents aren t quite sure about the process and have asked you to explain it to him. So that you don t have to go over it again and again produce a short video sequence showing how the cell divides to produce new skin cells. Alternatively draw a series of diagrams to explain the process. You will need to explain each stage. Make sure you use the correct terms listed below. Terms to use: Chromosome Cytoplasm DNA Diploid and/or Haploid Mitosis or meiosis Nucleus 1. Decide on what type of cell division it is 2. Use the modelling clay to produce a model cell. Although human cells have 46 chromosomes you can simplify this so that your model has 4 chromosomes. 3. Make a sequence of models and film them so that when finished you have a short video. At each stage you need to explain what is happening. OR Draw a sequence of diagrams (like a cartoon strip) to show what happens.

7 7 Task 4 Blood and circulation This video is a good start but you should research the answers to these questions don t cut and paste! 1. Name the 3 blood vessels. 2. Describe the flow of blood through the body. 3. Describe the movement of valves in the heart. 4. What do the white blood cells do? 5. How do the white blood cells carry out their function? 6. What is blood pressure and how is it taken?

8 8 7. Describe the 3 blood vessels and their functions. 8. Label and explain the diagram below