Chapter 7 Learning Targets Cell Structure & Function

Transcription

1 Name: Chapter 7 Learning Targets Cell Structure & Function a. Define the word cell: 1. I know the history of the cell: b. Who discovered the cell? What did he observe? 2. I can list the three parts of the cell theory: 3. I can discuss what prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are, and list their similarities and differences a. Why are cells split into two categories? b. Use the Venn Diagram to show the similarities and differences between the two categories of cells:

2 4. I can discuss, model and make analogies for the structures found in eukaryotic cells (7.2) a. What does organelle mean literally? b. Explain how the literal definition of an organelle (part a.) makes sense when looking at the functions of the organelles. c. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the and the. d. Cytoplasm: the cytoplasm: Where is it found?: What analogy could you make for the cytoplasm? e. Nucleus: the nucleus and the nuclear envelope: Where is it found?: What is the nuclear envelope? What is chromatin? How are chromatin and chromosomes different? What analogy could you make for the nucleus?

3 f. Nucleolus: the nucleolus: g. Ribosomes: ribosomes: What are they?: It is found floating free in the and attached to the. Where does it get its instructions from? What analogy could you make for ribosomes? h. Endoplasmic Reticulum: the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough E.R., and Smooth E.R.: Explain Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, what it looks like, what it s made of, and what it does: Explain Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, what it looks like, what it s made of, and what it does:

4 i. Golgi Apparatus: the Golgi apparatus: j. Lysosomes the lysosome(s): What are they?: k. Vacuole: the vacuole: How is it different in plant vs. animal cells? (p. 175)

5 L. Mitochondria: the mitochondria: Explain its inner and outer membranes (p. 175 and 179): m. Chloroplasts the chloroplast(s): What are they?: Explain its membranes: It contains a pigment called Photosynthesis is: 5. I know where DNA can be found in the Eukaryotic cell: -Most DNA is held in the of the cell. -Besides this structure, two other organelles contain their own DNA. They are the and the.

6 a. The cytoskeleton is: 6. I can compare and contrast the parts of the cytoskeleton: b. My analogy for the cytoskeleton is: c. Compare and contrast microfilaments and microtubules: d. What are centrioles used for? 7. I can identify the main function of the cell membrane and the cell wall. What is the function of the cell membrane? The cell membrane is known as the. o What two macromolecules are located within the cell membrane? o o Identify the role that proteins and carbohydrates have within the cell membrane List four organisms that contain cell walls

7 Where is the cell wall located? List the functions of the cell wall. Cell walls are porous enough to allow what type of materials to pass into and out of the cell? What type of material are cell walls made of? 8. I can describe what happens during diffusion and explain osmosis. Define the term concentration. Diffusion is where particles move from an area of concentration to an area of concentration. is where the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system. Circle the correct choice: With diffusion, particles move across the membrane (with/without) the use of energy. Sometimes particles are too large to cross the membrane. In this instance, occurs, which is the diffusion of water. Water moves from an area of concentration to an area of concentration.

8 Define the following terms and state how water is moving. o Isotonic: o Hypertonic: o Hypotonic: 9. I can explain the processes of facilitated diffusion and active transport. During, particles can move across the membrane with the use of protein channels. o This can only occur if there is a concentration of molecules on one side than the other. o Circle the correct choice: This (does/does not) require the use of energy In, particles are moved against their concentration gradient. This requires the use of. Protein channels are required to move molecules and ions from one side of the cell to another. Explain how the protein channels work: Endocytosis is another way materials can enter the cell. What is endocytosis and how does it work? Phagocytosis literally means:

9 o Extensions from the cell membrane surround a food particle and place it within a. o This process requires energy; therefore, it is a form of. Describe the process of pinocytosis. What occurs within the process of exocytosis? 10. I can describe cell specialization. Multicellular organisms are composed of cells. is where cells can develop in different ways and perform different tasks. Looking at the level of organization of cells, list the four levels in order of increasing complexity. Define the following terms and give an example of each: o Tissue: o Organ: o Organ system: