Geographical position

Transcription

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2 Geographical position Albania is located in South-Western Europe, in the Western of the Balkan peninsula, between the geographical coordinates 39 o 16' N latitude and 42 o 39' E longitude. The Republic of Albania borders on the north with Montenegro, north-east with Kosovo, East with Macedonia, and in the south and south-east with Greece. On the west, Albania is washed by the Adriatic and Ionian seas. The overall length of the border line is 1,094km, of which 657km is land-border and 316km is seaborder. The total area of the country is 28,748 square kilometers and out of this area, only 16.2% is less than 100 m above sea level.

3 Physiographic settings Albania is distinguished by four main physiographic regions: Northern Mountain Region Central Mountain Region Southern Mountain Region Southern Mountain Region and Western Lowland

4 Geology The geological formation of Albanide is very complex, with a variety of sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic formation groups The older formations of Albanide are mainly terrigenous of Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian ages The most wide spread are the formations of Mesozoic era represented by magnetite and sedimentary rocks

5 Land Use Structure Agriculture Land 697,046ha Non Agriculture Land 1,034,444ha Natural Pasture 431,018ha Other 709,743ha 15% 25% 24% 36% Agriculture Land Non Agriculture Land Natural Pasture Other Currently only about 59% of agriculture land (or 409,000ha) is cultivated, with the remaining 41% being left fallow due to soil low productivity and terrain constraints (steep slope)

6 Status of Climate Data Growing season / Vegetative Period Growing season / Vegetative Period

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8 The ongoing of Air Temperatures in C TIRANA TIRANA 100 m Growing season T>5 C Months:

9 The ongoing of Air Temperatures in C for the year 2015 & Norm KUKËS KUKËS 350 m Growing season T>5 C Months:

10 The ongoing of Air Temperatures in C for the year 2015 & Norm. FUSHË LURË FUSHË LURË 1040 m Growing season T>5 C Months:

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13 Impossible to find periods with more than 180 days with air temperature <5 C even in the levels of 1300 m above sea. Nr Meteorological Station Period with air temperatures >5 C Altitude above sea level (m) 1 Shirokë Shkodër Shkodër-A Koplik Bushkash Gjirokastër Goranxi Kukës Librazhd Burrel Tropojë Krumë Dragobi Degë Përrenjas i Quksit Bulqizë Dajt Fshat Peshkopi Pogradec Theth Stravaj Kurbnesh Pukë Sheqeras Zvirinë Liqenas Gllavë Bilisht Korçë Leskovik Mali i Dajtit R Lenë (Martanesh) Ersekë Fushë-Lurë Razëm Vermosh Voskopojë Dardhë Shishtavec

14 Growing season from155 days in Fushë Lurë (norm value) has noted an increase by 22 days during the year 2015.

15 Years Month: August Number of days with Minimal Air Temperature 20.0 C Meteorological Station of TIRANA

16 Period: May - September Number of days with Maximal Air Temperature 35.0 C Tirana Meteorological Station MONTHS: MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

17 Number of days with T.min.<0 C Tirana Meteorological Station

18 Number of days with Air Min. Temp. <0 C - 28% Number of days with Air Min. Temp. <0 C Number of days with air temperature >0 C is: - 17% Kukës from 220 days norm value to 283 days for the year 2015, Fushë Lurë from 174 days norm value to 265 days for the year 2015.

19 Y e a r s Precipitations (in mm) TIRANA Months: November -December

20 Precipitation (in mm) Year 2015 Meteorological Station of Kukës. -24% Annual precipitation Precipitation (in mm) Year 2015 Meteorological Station of Fushë Lurë -20% Annual precipitation

21 Annual precipitation (in mm) Meteorological Station of Kukës. -24% Annual precipitation Annual precipitation (in mm) Meteorological Station of Fushë Lurë. -20% Annual precipitation

22 Number of days with precipitations >0.1mm. Number of days with precipitations >10mm. That s mean in the near future we can expect: - More frequent flooding At the meteorological -More station soil of erosion Kukes for the year 2015 is observed an decrease by 38% of the number of the days with -More and longer droughts periods precipitations >0.1mm, in mean time it is incresed the number of days -Water with precipitation balance deficit >10.0mm increase by 21%. - Less snow cover

23 Precipitation on January Precipitation forecast 6.I.2016 Precipitation and value of norm for January January Precipitations observed in center north of territory are (about % of norm values).

24 IGEWE Department of Climate & Environment (National Meteorological service) Supervisor of National Meteorological Network 1 - Staff missing (reduced drastically during the recent years). 2 Credibility of data collected is going down, because of non controls and non maintenance for the equipments in the network. 3 Automatic Meteorological Stations (40) are not working properly and non maintained as it has been foreseen at the WB project. (different reasons) 4 Automatic Meteorological Stations (5) (GIZ project) are still not certified and part of our service. One of them stop working from 35 years or regular observations as resultant of non applied of a right technical policy. 5 It is needed a digitalization process, because 80% of archive is still on paper. 6 Data preliminary control and elaboration is as well as missing. 7 No data for P/PET.

25 Soil classification in Albania The National Soil Classification System Status of Soil Data The first Soil Map of Albania at 1:200,000 scale, was compiled in the late 1950's and the soil classification system was adapted from the Russian System, In 1971 and 1980, (using the same soil classification system), two soil surveys at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:10,000 were completed for all the agriculture land of the country. The main criteria in their subdivision were elevation and natural vegetation Until 1990, soil fertility was monitored throughout the agricultural land every 4-5 years, Representative soil samples were taken for each 10 ha in the flat areas and for every 3-5 ha in the hilly and mountainous regions. This monitoring system assisted to establish appropriate soil fertility and plant nutrition management plans. These data were centralized in the Agriculture Directory of district after During this process they lost their reference.

26 Converting the national soil classification into international standards The first efforts to convert the national soil classification system to international well-known systems such as USDA Soil Taxonomy, FAO UNESCO soil map of the world and World Reference Base for Soil Resources otherwise known as WRB were undertaken by Zdruli (1997, 1998, 2001)., In 1998 for the first time an Albanian soil database was introduced into the Soil Geographic Database of Europe at scale 1:1,000,000 In 2001 by a more detailed soil survey aiming at the creation of a national soil database of the country at 1:250,000 scale prepared according to WRB 1998 system and another much more detailed soil database for the coastal areas of the country at scale 1:50,000

27 In 2001 another much more detailed soil database for the coastal areas of the country at scale 1:50,000 LUVISOLS 25.2% CAMBISOL 30.5% CALCISOLS 0.8% PHAEOZEMS 10.5% KASTANOZEMS 0.1% ARENOSOL 2.0% GLEYSOLS 0.5% REGOSOLS 13.2% SOLONCHAKS 0.4% WATER BODIES 1.3% FLUVISOLS 5.5% VERTISOLS 0.5% LEPTOSOLS 8.8% HISTOSOLS 0.1% CITIES 0.1% ROCK OUT CROPS 0.5%

28 The most consistent soil survey program was established in 2003 by the Ministry of Agriculture under the Agriculture Land Inventory of Albania Program. This program intend to collect soil data and produce very detailed soil maps at scale 1:10,000 based on soil types and land suitability. At the end of 2016 this soil survey will cover 240,000 ha (or 34.4%) of total agriculture land. The Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Management aims to complete this soil survey for all the agriculture land in the country over the next 7 years Agriculture land covered by national soil survey program in Albania for the period

29 Soil and land survey database

30 Data gaps, problems, and solutions For soil data the main problem remains with areas surveyed at scales (1:50,000 for the coastal areas and 1:250,000 nationwide). Using the data in these scales could increase the risk that a large number of soil units possibly with ANC problems may not be represented. It also for this reason that it suggested that for the conditions of Albania the best mapping scale for delineating the ANCs must be 1:10,000. Assuming the ongoing soil survey as a part of Agriculture Land Inventory of Albania will continue with the present rate, the remaining un-surveyed agricultural land area of 277,046 ha will be completed after three years. Therefore, some EU funding support will be needed in addition to what is already provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Management through the Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land project.

31 Status of Geographical Information System (GIS) data Administrative divisions of Albania Albania is divided into 12 administrative counties (regions), each contained several districts further divided in 36 units There are overall 2,980 cadastral zones (villages) in formerly known as localities The government introduced a new administrative division implemented in 2015 whereby 61 municipalities were established in total. Municipality is the first level of local government, and it consists of several administrative units while the region is the second level of local government including several municipalities

32 Administrative divisions in Albania c) districts Regions Municipalities Districts

33 Digital maps for Albania s administrative division are available and contain several layers but this existing information is not easy to access for bureaucratic reasons. The country (AL) is also included in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), at the three NUTS levels defined as below: NUTS-1: Albania NUTS-2: 3 nonadministrative regions NUTS-3: 12 regions

34 GIS data for soil information The digital soil information is the one collected in the context of the project Sustainable Management of Agricultural Land of the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Management that produced very detailed soil data at scale 1:10,00 for at least ha of agriculture land. This information is available at the QTTB and will be made available to ANC project.

35 Land use/cover data Shape files for land use/cover data were obtained from the database of the European Environment Agency (EEA) for CORINE 2006 and the new database for 2012 (CORINE) will be downloaded soon.

36 Digital terrain model The National Agency for Urbanization, Legalization and Integration of Informal Areas and Buildings dispose a digital terrain model at 5m resolution that will be requested to be used by the ANC project. Same information is available also at the State.

37 Data gaps, problems, and solutions For the GIS data the following issues need to be addressed. The new administrative territorial reform has created many changes in the boundaries of municipalities and villages and this is an ongoing process that has been completed up to 80%. Nevertheless, this will not impede the implementation of the ANC project that follows the natural pattern of soil, climate and terrain distribution, therefore the definition of the ANC for each municipality or any other administrative unit will be done once the border issues are resolved. Access of digital data is not always under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture but to other governmental agencies that often are reluctant to release digital data in shape format. Hence, administrative support will be needed by the high officials of the Ministry of Agriculture to facilitate this process.

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