The Fundamentals of Materials Science
|
|
- Timothy Stephens
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Fundamentals of Materials Science An Introduction to Materials Science hapter 14: Polymer Structures Shengjuan Li
2 ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of polymer molecules? What are some of the common polymeric materials, and how do they differ chemically? ow is the crystalline state in polymers different from that in metals and ceramics? ermann Staudinger( ) 1953, Nobel prize. for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry 2
3 Most (poly)-(mer): polymeric materials (many)-(parts) are composed of very large molecular chains with Polysidegroups mer of various atoms (O, l, etc.) or organic groups many such repeat as unit methyl( 甲基 ), ethyl( 乙基 ), or phenyl( 苯基 ) groups. repeat unit Polyethylene (PE) 聚乙烯 l repeat unit l l Poly(vinyl chloride) (PV) 聚氯乙烯 Polypropylene (PP) 聚丙烯 3 repeat unit 3 3 Adapted from Fig. 14.2, allister & Rethwisch 8e. 3
4 Originally natural polymers were used - Wood Rubber - otton Wool - Leather Silk Oldest known uses Rubber balls used by Incas( 印加人 ) Noah( 诺亚 ) used pitch (rosin) (a natural polymer, waterproof) for the ark 4
5 Most polymers are hydrocarbons i.e., made up of and Saturated hydrocarbons Each carbon singly bonded to four other atoms Example: Ethane, 2 6 5
6 烷属化合物 6
7 Double & triple bonds somewhat unstable can form new bonds Double bond found in ethylene( 乙烯 ) or ethene Triple bond found in acetylene( 乙炔 ) or ethyne
8 Isomerism two compounds with same chemical formula can have quite different structures for example: 8 18 normal-octane( 正辛烷 ) A component of gasoline = ,4-dimethylhexane ( 二甲基己烷 ) 3 ( 2 ) Gas chromatographic analysis standard 8
9 Free radical polymerization R + R initiation free radical 自由基 monomer (ethylene) R + R propagation dimer 二聚体 Initiator: example - benzoyl peroxide ( 过氧化苯甲酰 ) O O 2 O = 2 R R and R ---represent organic groups such as 3, 2 5, and 6 5 (methyl 甲基, ethyl 乙基, and phenyl 苯基 ) 9
10 Adapted from Fig. 14.1, allister & Rethwisch 8e. Note: polyethylene is a long-chain hydrocarbon - paraffin wax for candles is short polyethylene 石蜡 10
11 聚乙烯 聚氯乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯 11
12 聚苯乙烯 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 酚醛树脂 12
13 Bulk or ommodity Polymers (cont) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 聚碳酸酯 13
14 Molecular weight, M: Mass of a mole of chains. Molecular weights for high polymers may be in excess of a million. Low M high M Not all chains in a polymer are of the same length i.e., there is a distribution of molecular weights
15 M n totalwt. of polymer total#of molecules Mn x i M i Mw w i M i M i x i w i = mean (middle) molecular weight of size range i = number fraction of chains in size range i = weight fraction of chains in size range i 15
16 Example: average mass of a class(polymer) Student Weight (molecular) mass (lb,pound) What is the average weight of the students( molecules) in this class(polymer): a) Based on the number fraction of students in each mass range? b) Based on the weight fraction of students in each mass range? 16
17 Solution: The first step is to sort the students into weight ranges. Using 40 lb ranges gives the following table: weight number of mean number alculate weight the number and weight range students weight fraction fraction of fraction students in each weight N i W i x i range as follows: w i mass (lb) mass (lb) x i N i w i N iw i N i N i W i For example: 0.294for the lb range x x w total number N i N i W i total weight
18 weight mean number weight range weight fraction fraction Mn Mw x i M i mass (lb) mass (lb) (0.2 x x x x x 380) =188 lb w i M i (0.117 x x x x x 380) = 218 lb Mw w i M i 218 lb 18
19 DP = average number of repeat units per chain ( ) DP = 6 DP M n m where m average molecular weight of repeat unit. for copolymers this is calculated as follows : m f i m i hain fraction mol. wt of repeat unit i EXAMPLE PROBLEM
20 secondary bonding Linear Branched ross-linked Network Adapted from Fig. 14.7, allister & Rethwisch 8e. 20
21 Molecular Shape (or onformation) chain bending and twisting are possible by rotation of carbon atoms around their chain bonds note: not necessary to break chain bonds to alter molecular shape Adapted from Fig. 14.5, allister & Rethwisch 8e. 21
22 Bends, twists, and kinks. The end-to-end distance of the polymer chain r:this distance is much smaller than the total chain length. Some of the mechanical and thermal characteristics of polymers are a function of the ability of chain segments to experience rotation in response to applied stresses or thermal vibrations. Rotational flexibility is dependent on repeat unit structure and chemistry. 22
23 onfigurations to change must break bonds Stereoisomerism( 立体异构现象 ) R R R or Stereoisomers are mirror images can t superimpose without breaking a bond B A D E E D A B mirror plane 23
24 Tacticity stereoregularity or spatial arrangement of R units along chain 24 R R R R isotactic all R groups on same side of chain R R R R syndiotactic R groups alternate sides 全同立构间同立构
25 无规立构 atactic R groups randomly positioned R R R R 25
26 全同立构 间同立构 无规立构 Tacticities of vinyl polymers( 乙烯基聚合物 ) 26
27 cis cis-isoprene ( 异戊二烯 ) (natural rubber) atom and 3 group on same side of chain trans trans-isoprene (gutta percha 马来乳胶 ) atom and 3 group on opposite sides of chain 27
28 two or more monomers polymerized together random A and B randomly positioned along chain alternating A and B alternate in polymer chain block large blocks of A units alternate with large blocks of B units (homopolymer subunits) graft chains of B units grafted onto A backbone A B random alternating block graft 28
29 Ordered atomic arrangements involving molecular chains rystal structures in terms of unit cells Example shown Polyethylene( 聚乙烯 ) unit cell Adapted from Fig , allister & Rethwisch 8e. 29
30 rystalline regions thin platelets with chain folds at faces hain folded structure 10 nm 30
31 Polymers rarely 100% crystalline Difficult for all regions of all chains to become aligned Degree of crystallinity expressed as % crystallinity. -- Some physical properties depend on % crystallinity. -- eat treating causes crystalline regions to grow and % crystallinity to increase. crystalline region amorphous region Adapted from Fig , allister 6e. (Fig is from.w. ayden, W.G. Moffatt, and J. Wulff, The Structure and Properties of Materials, Vol. III, Mechanical Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1965.) 31
32 Electron micrograph multilayered single crystals (chain-folded layers) of polyethylene Single crystals only for slow and carefully controlled growth rates Adapted from Fig , allister & Rethwisch 8e. 32
33 Spherulite surface 缚结分子 Some semicrystalline polymers form spherulite structures Alternating chain-folded crystallites and amorphous regions Spherulite structure for relatively rapid growth rates Adapted from Fig , allister & Rethwisch 8e. 33
34 聚乙烯 ross-polarized light ( 正交偏光 )microscope used -- a maltese cross appears in each spherulite 马尔他十字 Adapted from Fig , allister & Rethwisch 8e. 34
35 Transmission electron micrograph(tem) showing the spherulite structure in a natural rubber specimen. hain-folded lamellar crystallites approximately 10 nm thick extend in radial directions from the center; they appear as white lines in the micrograph. 30,000. Spherulite structure in a natural rubber 35
36 Thermoplastics polymers: soften when heated (and eventually liquefy) and harden when cooled processes that are totally reversible and may be repeated. Examples :polyethylene 聚乙烯 (PE), polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯 (PET),poly(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯 (PV), polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯 (P),and,polyurethane 聚氨酯 (PU). Thermal Plastic Rubber On a molecular level, as the temperature is raised, TPR secondary bonding forces are diminished (by increased molecular motion) so that the relative movement of PET PU adjacent chains is facilitated when a stress is applied P PE 36
37 Thermosetting polymers are network polymers. They become permanently hard during their formation, and do not soften upon heating. Most of the crosslinked and network polymers, which include vulcanized rubbers 硫化橡胶, epoxy 环氧树脂, and phenolics 酚醛塑料 and some polyester resins 聚酯树脂, are thermosetting. Network polymers have covalent crosslinks between adjacent molecular chains. During heat treatments, these bonds anchor the chains together to resist the vibrational and rotational chain motions at high temperatures. Thus, the materials do not soften when heated. polyester resins Epoxy coating phenolics 37
38 38
39 全同立构 间同立构 不规则立构 39
40 Final exam: Monday, the week after next (April 24 th ), 9:55-11:55 First School Building, Room? Exam way: lose-book with no notes allowed. Blanks Glossary rystallographic orientations and planes Answer questions alculations Phase diagrams... 40
41 Adhere to every day, there will be progress! Try everything!!!!
Chapter 5: Structures of Polymers
hapter 5: Structures of Polymers ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of polymer molecules? What are some of the common polymeric materials, and how do they
More informationChapter 14: Polymer Structures
Chapter 14: Polymer Structures ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of polymer molecules? What are some of the common polymeric materials, and how do they differ
More informationPOLYMER STRUCTURES ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
POLYMER STRUTURES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are the basic microstructural features? ow are polymer properties effected by molecular weight? ow do polymeric crystals accommodate the polymer chain? Melting
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures Dr. Coates 14.1 Introduction Naturally occurring polymers Wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk Synthetic polymers Plastics,
More informationMaterials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES
Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand different molecular and crystal structures of polymers What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of
More informationMATERIALS SCIENCE POLYMERS
POLYMERS 1) Types of Polymer (a) Plastic Possibly the largest number of different polymeric materials come under the plastic classification. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene,
More informationTOPIC 7. Polymeric materials
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid www.uc3m.es MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials 1. Introduction Definition General characteristics Historic introduction Polymers: Examples 2.
More informationChapter 11. Polymer Structures. Natural vs man-made
. Polymer Structures Polymers: materials consisting of long molecules - the word polymer comes from the Greek Polys = many Meros = parts Macromolecules (long size of the chains) many parts - typically,
More informationPeriodic table with the elements associated with commercial polymers in color.
Polymers 1. What are polymers 2. Polymerization 3. Structure features of polymers 4. Thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers 5. Additives 6. Polymer crystals 7. Mechanical properties of polymers
More informationLecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers
Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers Polymer Structure Polymers are found in nature as proteins, cellulose, silk or synthesized like polyethylene, polystyrene and nylon. Some natural polymers can also
More informationChapter 13 - Polymers Introduction
Chapter 13 - Polymers Introduction I. Nomenclature A. Polymer/Macromolecule polymer - nonmetallic material consisting of large molecules composed of many repeating units - from Greek: poly (many) and meros
More informationPacking of Atoms in Solids [5]
Packing of Atoms in Solids [5] Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, ordered packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond
More informationPolymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural
Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10
More informationPHYSICS OF SOLID POLYMERS
PYSIS OF SOLID POLYMERS Professor Goran Ungar WU E, Department of hemical and Biological Engineering Recommended texts: G. Strobl, The Physics of Polymers, Springer 996 (emphasis on physics) U. Gedde,
More informationDr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University MECH 221 lecture 19/2
Polymers Outline Introduction Molecular Structure and Configurations Polymer s synthesis Molecular weight of polymers Crystallinity You may think of polymers as being a relatively modern invention however
More informationMSE 383, Unit 1-4. Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Materials Science & Engineering Dept.
Polymer Classifications Mole. Wt. MSE 383, Unit 1-4 Joshua U. Otaigbe Iowa State University Materials Science & Engineering Dept. Introduction Recall polymer (macromolecular) definition Covalent linkages
More information2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state
2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state or concentrated from the solution, molecules are often
More informationThe functionality of a monomer is the number of binding sites that is/are present in that monomer.
Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10
More informationCOMPOSITE MATERIALS. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
COMPOSITE MATERIALS Office ours: Tuesday, 16:30-17:30 akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com Phone: +90 252 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department ISSUES TO ADDRESS Polymers Applications
More informationPolypropylene. Monomer. mer
Polymer Polymer: Maromolecule built-up by the linking together of a large no. of small molecules Ex. Nucleic acid, paper, bakelite,pvc Monomer: The small molecule which combine with each other Mer: The
More informationPOLYMERS: MACROMOLECULES
C21 11/08/2013 16:8:37 Page 311 CHAPTER 21 POLYMERS: MACROMOLECULES SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. An addition polymer is one that is produced by the successive addition of repeating monomer molecules.
More informationPolymers and Composite Materials
Polymers and omposite Materials Shibu G. Pillai hemical Engineering Department shibu.pillai@nirmauni.ac.in ontents lassification of Polymers Types of polymerization Elastomers/ Rubber Advanced Polymeric
More information1 Chain Structure of Polymer
Polymer Physics 高分子物理 1 hain Structure of Polymer 高分子的链结构 Structure and Property of Polymer 高分子结构与性能 1.1 高分子结构的 特点和分类 haracteristic and classification of polymer structure 1.1.1 高分子的结构特点 haracteristics
More informationHydrocarbon Molecules Polymer Molecules The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules
CHAPTER 14 POLYMER STRUCTURES PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Hydrocarbon Molecules Polymer Molecules The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules 14.1 On the basis of the structures presented in this chapter, sketch repeat unit
More informationPolymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers
Polymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers Polymers in Modified Asphalt Types of Polymers Compatibility of Polymers Effects of Polymers Analysis of polymers Recovery of PMA What Is a
More informationChemistry Class 12 th NCERT Solutions
This e-book is prepared by the CBSE board exam experts of jagranjosh.com, an online educational portal of Dainik Jagran. The purpose of providing solutions for CBSE class 12 th Science and Mathematics
More informationPOLYMER SCIENCE : lecture 1. Dr. Hanaa J. Alshimary Second class Poly. Eng. Dep. Introduction of Polymers Polymer poly mer Monomer Polymerization
Introduction of Polymers Polymer - The word polymer is the Greek word : poly means many and mer means unit or parts, A Polymer is a large molecule that comprises repeating structural units joined by the
More informationPOLYMER CHEMISTRY Lecture/Lession Plan -2
Chapter 6 POLYMER CHEMISTRY Lecture/Lession Plan -2 POLYMER CHEMISTRY 6.0.1 Classification on the basis of tactility On the basis of orientation of functional group or side groups throughout the long backbone
More informationDownloaded from Unit - 15 POLYMERS. Points to Remember
Unit - 15 POLYMERS Points to Remember 1. Polymers are defined as high molecular mass macromolecules which consist of repeating structural units derived from the appropriate monomers. 2. In presence of
More information1.1 Basic Polymer Chemistry. 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature. 1.3 Polymer Synthesis. 1.4 Chain Growth Polymerization. Polymer =
1.1 Basic Polymer hemistry Polymers are the largest class of soft materials: over 100 billion pounds of polymers made in US each year lassification systems 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature Polymer = Monomer =
More informationCHEMISTRY. 1 gallon equals 4 quarts, 12 inches equals 1 foot, Nomenclature 系统命名法. binary ionic compounds 二元离子化合物.
CHEMISTRY Prefix Power Meaning Examples of measurements nano (n) 10 9 onebillionth nanometer (nm): wavelength of light micro (m) 10 6 onemillionth micrometer (mm): width of a hair milli (m) 10 3 onethousandth
More informationSCH4U Synthesis and Polymers. Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers
SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers ADDITION POLYMERS ADDITION POLYMERS A + A + A + A A A A A monomers polymer + + + ethylene (ethene) polyethylene
More informationChapter : 15. POLYMERS. Level-1:Questions
1) What are polymers? Chapter : 15. POLYMERS Level-1:Questions A: These are referred to as Macromolecules which are formed by joining of repeating structural units on a large scale. 2) Give two examples
More informationPolymers. What is a polymer? C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CH 3 CH 3 H. Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polymers What s a polymer? Poly many mer repeat unt repeat unt Polyethylene (PE) l repeat unt l l Polyvnyl chlorde (PV) 3 Polypropylene (PP) 3 repeat unt 3 Ancent Polymer story Orgnally many natural polymers
More information(Refer Slide Time: 00:58)
Nature and Properties of Materials Professor Bishak Bhattacharya Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Lecture 18 Effect and Glass Transition Temperature In the last
More informationPolymer ~ a large molecule built up by the constitutional repeating units(structural units)
Polymer ~ a large molecule built up by the constitutional repeating units(structural units) Fundamental characteristics of polymers chemical structure and molecular mass distribution pattern ~ determine
More informationCH 2 = CH - CH =CH 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Styrene is almost a unique monomer, in that it can be polymerized by practically all methods of chain polymerization. A. Free radical B. Anionic C. Cationic D. Co-ordination
More informationThermoplastic. Condensation. Homopolymer. Polymer POLYMERS. Synthetic. Natural. Addition. Copolymer. Polymer. Thermosetting
Thermoplastic Homopolymer Condensation Polymer Natural POLYMERS Synthetic Addition Polymer Copolymer Thermosetting Polymers are very large covalent molecular substances containing tens of thousands of
More informationThe vibrational spectroscopy of polymers
D. I. BOWER Reader in Polymer Spectroscopy Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology Department of Physics, University of Leeds W.F. MADDAMS Senior Visiting Fellow Department of
More information(c) Dr. Payal B. Joshi
Polymer (Greek: poly=many; mer=part) Made up of large molecules characterized by repeating units called monomers held together by covalent bonds Functionality To act as monomer, it must have at least two
More informationChapter 12 Alkenes and Alkynes
BR M 102 lass Notes hapter 12 Page 1 of 8 hapter 12 Alkenes and Alkynes * alkenes = double bonds * alkynes triple bonds * aromatics or arenes alternating double and single bonds such as in benzene * saturated
More informationA polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer.
1.8 Polymers The General Structure of Polymers A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. Many biological molecules,
More informationNote: Brief explanation should be no more than 2 sentences.
Her \Hmher UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION, April 26, 2017 DURATION: 2 and /2 hrs MSE245 - HiS - Second Year - MSE Organic Material Chemistry & Processing
More informationPolymeric Materials. Sunan Tiptipakorn, D.Eng.
Polymeric Materials Sunan Tiptipakorn, D.Eng. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaen Saen Campus, Nakorn Phathom, 73140 Thailand. Introduction Material
More information1. Demonstrate that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 8 is
1. Demonstrate that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 8 is 0.732. This problem asks us to show that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number
More informationEffect of crystallinity on properties. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Why?
Effect of crystallinity on properties The morphology of most polymers is semi-crystalline. That is, they form mixtures of small crystals and amorphous material and melt over a range of temperature instead
More informationCHAPTER 4 Additional. Ziegler-Natta Polymerization. Ziegler-Natta Polymerization. Ziegler-Natta Polymerization
CHAPTER 4 Additional Ziegler-Natta polymerization is a method of vinyl polymerization. It's important because it allows one to make polymers of specific tacticity. Ziegler-Natta is especially useful, because
More informationLecture 25 POLYMERS. April 19, Chemistry 328N
Lecture 25 POLYMERS Wallace Carothers April 19, 2016 Paul Flory Wallace Hume Carothers 1896-1937 Carothers at Dupont 1.Commercializion of Nylon https://www.chemheritage.org/ Nylon was first used for fishing
More information15NT303E Molecular spectroscopy and its Applications Fifth Semester, (Odd semester)
. SRM University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Physics and Nanotechnology 15NT303E Molecular spectroscopy and its Applications Fifth Semester, 2017-18 (Odd semester) tailed Session
More informationTop concepts Chapter : Polymers 1. Polymers are high molecular mass substance consisting of large number of repeating structural units. As polymers are single, giant molecules i.e. big size molecules,
More informationOrganic Chemistry. for Students of Medicine and Biology 大学化学 III 和大学化学 III(2)
Organic Chemistry for Students of Medicine and Biology 大学化学 III 和大学化学 III(2) March 4, 2015 Refining of petroleum, a major natural source of alkanes Chapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes ( 烷烃和环烷烃 ) March 3,
More informationUnit - 15 POLYMERS Points to Remember 1. Polymers are defined as high molecular mass macromolecules which consist of repeating structural units derived from the appropriate monomers. 2. In presence of
More informationCan you imagine a world without plastics? Plastic soft drink containers,
21 Polymer Parts R EA D I N G Can you imagine a world without plastics? Plastic soft drink containers, bags, pens, DVDs, and computer and television parts are just a few things made of plastics that would
More informationnot to be republished NCERT Unit I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following polymers of glucose is stored by animals?
I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following polymers of glucose is stored by animals? Cellulose Amylose Amylopectin Glycogen 2. Which of the following is not a semisynthetic polymer?
More informationAmorphous Polymers: Polymer Conformation Laboratory 1: Module 1
D E P A R T M E N T O F M A T E R I A L S S C I E N C E A N D E N G I N E E R I N G M A S S A C H U S E T T S I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y 3.014 Materials Laboratory Fall 2008 Amorphous Polymers:
More informationSTRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
II STRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I. OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND This exercise will give you an opportunity to experience the three-dimensional nature of molecules and to visualize
More informationPolymers. Steep Slope = 3/5 : Self-Avoiding Walk (Polymer Solution) Shallow Slope = 1/2 : Gaussian Random Walk (Polymer Melt)
Polymers 1 Polymers Steep Slope = 3/5 : Self-Avoiding Walk (Polymer Solution) Shallow Slope = 1/2 : Gaussian Random Walk (Polymer Melt) 2 If we consider a series of chains = 0 Except when i = j, and
More informationThis name hints at how polymers are made
Chapter- I Many + Parts This name hints at how polymers are made POLYMERS (the whole train) are made out of MONOMERS (individual cars of the train) joined together. repeat unit H H H H H H C C C C C
More informationSee https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
INDEX Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on June 15, 2018 at 06:15:49 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. A Absorption spectra of cellulose
More informationP O L Y M E R S. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25
P O L Y M E R S The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25 POLYMERS Polymers are large, long-chain molecules. found in nature, including cellulose in plants, starches
More informationReactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes APTER SUMMARY Addition is the characteristic reaction of alkenes and alkynes. Since the carbons of a double or triple bond do not have the maximum number
More informationLiquid Crystal. Liquid Crystal. Liquid Crystal Polymers. Liquid Crystal. Orientation of molecules in the mesophase
Liquid Crystal - Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. (Fourth state of matter) Liquid Crystal Orientation
More informationLecture 26 Classification
Lecture 26 Classification April 24, 2018 Industrial Influence: Trade Names PVC poly (vinylidene chloride) Saran wrap PVC poly (vinyl chloride) Pipe and records PET poly (ethylene teraphthalate) Coke bottles,
More information4 Organic and Biochemical Compounds
APTER 6 4 Organic and Biochemical ompounds SETION The Structure of Matter KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is an organic compound? What is a polymer? What organic
More informationIII. Molecular Structure Chapter Molecular Size Size & Shape
III. Molecular Structure Chapter 3. 3. Molecular Size Size & Shape Molecular Structure (1)Molecular Size & Shape Size : molecular weight molecular weight distribution Shape : branching (2) Molecular Flexibility
More informationCHAPTER 5: STRUCTURE OF POLYMERS
APTER 5: STRUTURE PLYMERS "The time has come," the Walrus said, "To talk of many things: f shoes--and ships--and sealing-wax-- f cabbages--and kings--" Lewis arroll, Through the Looking Glass (1872) shoes,
More informationCatalysis & Sustainable Processes
Catalysis & Sustainable Processes The Polymers Story 8 lectures http://www.kcpc.usyd.edu.au/cem3113.html username: chem3 password: carbon12 Lecturer: Associate Professor Sébastien Perrier s.perrier@chem.usyd.edu.au;
More informationEngineering Materials
Engineering Materials A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units. poly- The word polymer is derived from the Greek words meaning "many"; and - meros meaning "part". Plastic and
More informationCombustion and thermal degradation of polymers
Polymers and biomaterials - laboratory Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers Theoretical background dr Hanna Wilczura-Wachnik University of Warsaw Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Technology Division
More informationThis lecture: Crystallization and Melting. Next Lecture: The Glass Transition Temperature
Thermal Transitions: Crystallization, Melting and the Glass Transition This lecture: Crystallization and Melting Next Lecture: The Glass Transition Temperature Today: Why do polymers crystallize in a chain
More informationPolymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle)
MEQ, MQ, DEQuim, DQuim 2 nd semester 2017/2018, IST-UL Science and Technology of Polymers (2 nd cycle) Polymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle) Lecture 1 Block 1 Fundamentals of Macromolecular
More informationMetal Structure. Chromium, Iron, Molybdenum, Tungsten Face-centered cubic (FCC)
Metal Structure Atoms held together by metallic bonding Crystalline structures in the solid state, almost without exception BCC, FCC, or HCP unit cells Bodycentered cubic (BCC) Chromium, Iron, Molybdenum,
More informationExperiment 5. Synthetic Polymers.
Experiment 5. Synthetic Polymers. References: Brown & Foote, Chapters 24 INTRODUCTION: A polymer (Greek: polys + meros = many parts) is a giant or macromolecule made up of repeating structural units. The
More informationOlle Inganäs: Polymers structure and dynamics. Polymer physics
Polymer physics Polymers are macromolecules formed by many identical monomers, connected through covalent bonds, to make a linear chain of mers a polymer. The length of the chain specifies the weight of
More informationLord Todd,1980. Ethylene Polyethylene -CH 2. -] n. = C H 2 Magic? CH 2
Polymer Science and Engineering "I am inclined to think that the development of polymerization is perhaps the biggest thing that chemistry has done, where it has had the biggest effect on everyday life
More informationName Date Class FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. SECTION 23.1 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (pages )
Name Date lass 23 FUNTINAL GRUPS SETIN 23.1 INTRDUTIN T FUNTINAL GRUPS (pages 725 729 This section defines a functional group and gives several examples. It also describes halocarbons and the substitution
More informationMATERIALS SCIENCE TEST Part 1: Structure & Synthesis Topics
Fairfax Science Olympiad Tryouts 2018 Name: _ Score: /75 MATERIALS SCIENCE TEST Part 1: Structure & Synthesis Topics In questions 1-6, draw a diagram of the named functional group. Use R to denote the
More informationElectronic materials and components-polymer types
Introduction Electronic materials and components-polymer types Polymer science is a broad field that includes many types of materials which incorporate long chain structures with many repeated units. One
More informationModule-2. Atomic Structures, Interatomic Bonding and Structure of Crystalline Solids
Module-2 Atomic Structures, Interatomic Bonding and Structure of Crystalline Solids Contents 1) Atomic Structure and Atomic bonding in solids 2) Crystal structures, Crystalline and Noncrystalline materials
More informationIntroduction to Polymerization Processes
Introduction to Polymerization Processes Reference: Aspen Polymers: Unit Operations and Reaction Models, Aspen Technology, Inc., 2013. 1- Polymer Definition A polymer is a macromolecule made up of many
More informationAS Demonstrate understanding of the properties of selected organic compounds. Collated Polymer questions
AS 91165 Demonstrate understanding of the properties of selected organic compounds Collated Polymer questions (2017) (a) Polyvinyl chloride (polychloroethene) is often used to make artificial leather.
More informationPlastics are synthetic substances that can be moulded (often under heat and pressure) and retain the shape they are moulded into.
5.7: Polymers Plastics are synthetic substances that can be moulded (often under heat and pressure) and retain the shape they are moulded into. Polymers are large molecules that are made by linking together
More informationLecture 13 Metabolic Diversity 微生物代谢的多样性
Lecture 13 Metabolic Diversity 微生物代谢的多样性 Chapter 17 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS School of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn I. The Phototrophic
More informationSection 1 Compounds and Molecules
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Compounds and Molecules Key Idea questions > What holds a compound together? > How can the structure of chemical compounds be shown? > What determines the properties of a compound?
More informationAn Introduction to Polymer Physics
An Introduction to Polymer Physics David I. Bower Formerly at the University of Leeds (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface Acknowledgements xii xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Polymers and the scope of the book
More informationIntroduction to Macromolecular Chemistry
Introduction to Macromolecular Chemistry aka polymer chemistry Mondays, 8.15-9.45 am except for the following dates: 01.+29.05, 05.+12.06., 03.07. Dr. Christian Merten, Ruhr-Uni Bochum, 2017 www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/chirality
More informationAdvanced Polymer Chemistry
Advanced Polymer Chemistry 1) George Odian, Principles of Polymerization, 4 th Edition, Wiley- Interscience, 2004. 2) 投影片講義 http://www.che.ncku.edu.tw/facultyweb/cheny/index.php?dir=/adv anced Polymer
More informationPOLYMER CHEMISTRY Lecture/Lession Plan -4
Chapter 6 POLYMER CHEMISTRY Lecture/Lession Plan -4 POLYMER CHEMISTRY 6.1 Rubber Rubber is a natural elastomeric polymer whose monomer unit is cis-2-methyle-1,3-butadiene. Raw rubber material is extracted
More informationAdvanced Polymer Physics 高等高分子物理
1. Graduate-level course 2. Contents are copyrighted ( 有版權 ). Do not use outside class room purposes without permission. Advanced Polymer Physics 高等高分子物理 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Polymer Science Lecture
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationMacromolecular chemistry S112003
Supporting material for students registered to subject: Macromolecular chemistry S112003 Teacher: Jan Merna, Department of Polymers, Institute of Chemical Technology,Prague Lecture authored by Jan Merna
More informationChapter 22. Organic and Biological Molecules
hapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules hapter 22 Preview Organic and Biological Molecules Alkanes: Saturated ydrocarbons Isomerism, Nomenclature, Reactions of alkanes, yclic alkanes Alkenes, Alkynes,
More informationPresentation shared files at:
Forrest Schultz, PhD Wisconsin State Science Olympiad Director Director, 2016 Science Olympiad National Tournament Chemistry National Rules Committee Professor, Department of Chemistry and Physics University
More informationChapter 27: Structure and Bonding
Chapter 27: Structure and Bonding 1 Atomic Orbitals: Wave functions that represent the probability of finding electrons in a specific region of space s, p, d, f orbitals In organic chemistry, need to concentrate
More informationChapter 10 Radical Reactions
Chapter 10 Radical Reactions Introduction Homolytic bond cleavage leads to the formation of radicals (also called free radicals) Radicals are highly reactive, short-lived species Single-barbed arrows are
More informationCHEMISTRY. Organic Polymer [Macromoleculers] weight and are made up of a great many simpler units identical to each other
1 EMISTRY rganic Polymer [Macromoleculers] By Dr. B.. Dixit. Definitions : (a) Monomer : The individual small molecules from which the polymer is formed are known as monomers. (b) Polymer : Polymers are
More informationCovalent Compounds 1 of 30 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Covalent Compounds 1 of 30 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Covalent Compounds 2 of 30 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are covalent bonds? 3 of 30 Boardworks Ltd 2016 When atoms share pairs of electrons, they form covalent
More informationMacromolecular Chemistry
Macromolecular Chemistry Welcome to CH367L and CH392N Macromolecular Chemistry Introduction Syllabus Chemistry 367L / 392N Graduate Presentations Questions Some History Advice given to Dustin Hoffman's
More informationLecture 27 More Polymers
Lecture 27 More Polymers Step Chain April 26, 2016 Midterm Exam III Where: WEL 1.316!! When: Wed., May 4 th, 7:00 9:00 PM What: Covers lectures through 4/28 Review Session: Mon & Tues. 5-6 PM Monday PAI
More informationHIGHER 1 Polymers. Polymers are giant molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers.
IGER 1 Polymers PLYMERS Polymers are giant molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers. The reaction is called polymerisation. The linking can be done in two ways: by addition
More information