The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers"

Transcription

1 D. I. BOWER Reader in Polymer Spectroscopy Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology Department of Physics, University of Leeds W.F. MADDAMS Senior Visiting Fellow Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton The vibrational spectroscopy of polymers CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 Contents Preface xiii 1 Introduction Vibrational spectroscopy Molecular vibrations Infrared and Raman spectroscopy Fundamentals of polymers Addition polymers Step growth polymers Regular chains and defect structures Polymer morphology and crystallization The infrared and Raman spectra of polymers The electromagnetic spectrum - symbols and units Spectrometers and experimental methods in infrared spectroscopy Introduction The dispersive infrared spectrometer The Fourier transform spectrometer Sources, detectors and polarizers The preparation of samples for transmission spectroscopy Reflection spectroscopy Spectrometers and experimental methods in Raman spectroscopy Introduction Sources and optical systems Monochromators and detectors Sample preparation and mounting Mathematical techniques for processing spectra Further reading 41 2 Symmetry and normal modes of vibration Interatomic forces and molecular vibrations Interatomic forces Normal modes of vibration 44 vn

3 Vlll Contents 2.2 Symmetry and small molecules Point symmetry operations and symmetry elements Point groups Group representations Representation of groups by matrices Reducible, irreducible and equivalent representations Symmetry species and character tables Notation for symmetry species The number of normal modes of each symmetry species A reducible 3JV-dimensional representation of the point group Reduction of the 3JV-dimensional representation by the use of normal coordinates The number of normal modes of each symmetry species Symmetry coordinates and internal coordinates Further reading 78 3 The vibrational modes of polymers The vibrations of regular polymer chains Introduction Line group and factor group: polyethylene Polyethylene and the vinyl polymers: descent in symmetry Helical molecules The vibrations of polymer crystals The nature of the factor group modes Factor group modes for crystalline PVC and polyethylene Further reading Infrared and Raman spectra Semiclassical treatment of origins of spectra Polarizability tensors and dipole moments Infrared absorption - mechanism and selection rule The origin of Raman scattering Raman scattering and the rule of mutual exclusion Selection rules for Raman activity: Raman tensors 117

4 Contents ix 4.2 Polarization effects Polarized infrared spectroscopy - dichroic ratios Polarized Raman spectroscopy - depolarization ratios Vibrational assignments Introduction Factor group analysis - chain or local symmetry Group vibrations Model compounds Isotope substitution Force fields and vibrational calculations The vibrational problem in Cartesian coordinates Generalized coordinates - the Wilson G and F matrices Mass-weighted Cartesian coordinates and normal coordinates The solution in principle; potential energy distributions Symmetry coordinates and internal symmetry coordinates Force fields and force constants Application to polymers Finite chains Overtone and combination frequencies; Fermi resonance Further reading The characterization of polymers Introduction The interpretation of polymer spectra: factor group analysis Polyethylene Polyvinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Polytetrafluoroethylene Polystyrene Polyethylene terephthalate) The interpretation of polymer spectra: group frequencies Introduction

5 X Contents Hydrocarbon polymers: polypropylene, polyisobutene Polyesters: acetates, acrylates, methacrylates Other oxygen-containing polymers: phenolic resins Nitrogen-containing polymers: amides, polyurethanes Quantitative analysis Introduction Copolymers of vinyl chloride or ethylene with vinyl acetate Styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers and crosslinking in polystyrene Polybutadienes and styrene/butadiene copolymers Monomers and additives Caprolactam in Nylon 6; monomer and water in poly(methyl methacrylate) Additives in polyethylene and polypropylene The characterization of oxidation and degradation Hydrocarbon polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene Resonance Raman studies of degradation in PVC Further reading The microstructure of polymers The distribution of copolymerized units in the polymer chain General principles The determination of overall copolymer composition The characterization of sequence lengths Configurational and conformational isomerism Introduction Configurational isomerism: polypropylene Conformational isomerism Chain branching Introduction Polyethylene Polyvinyl chloride) Head-to-head placements in vinyl polymers End groups Polyethylene 252

6 Contents Vinyl polymers Other polymers Hydrogen bonding Introduction Polyamides Polyurethanes Biopolymers Chain order and crystallinity Introduction Polyethylene Polyoxymethylene Poly (vinyl chloride) Lattice modes in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene Differentiation between crystallinity and chain order Chain folding in polyethylene Longitudinal acoustic modes Molecular orientation Introduction Theoretical background Orientation in polyethylene and poly(ethylene terephthalate) Further reading XI References for chapters 5 and A note on the use of the indexes 307 Index of spectra illustrated 308 Index of point groups 309 Index of group modes 309 Index of polymers 311 Main index 313

Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers

Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers Polymer Structure Polymers are found in nature as proteins, cellulose, silk or synthesized like polyethylene, polystyrene and nylon. Some natural polymers can also

More information

An Introduction to Polymer Physics

An Introduction to Polymer Physics An Introduction to Polymer Physics David I. Bower Formerly at the University of Leeds (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface Acknowledgements xii xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Polymers and the scope of the book

More information

NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND STEREOREGULARITY OF POLYMERS

NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND STEREOREGULARITY OF POLYMERS NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND STEREOREGULARITY OF POLYMERS Kei Matsuzaki, Toshiyuki Uryu, and Tetsuo Asakura with 148 Figures and 80 Tables JAPAN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES PRESS Tokyo KARGEH Basel-Freiburg-Paris-London-New

More information

TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials

TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials Universidad Carlos III de Madrid www.uc3m.es MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials 1. Introduction Definition General characteristics Historic introduction Polymers: Examples 2.

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY MAX DIEM Department of Chemistry City University of New York Hunter College A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane

More information

MATERIALS SCIENCE POLYMERS

MATERIALS SCIENCE POLYMERS POLYMERS 1) Types of Polymer (a) Plastic Possibly the largest number of different polymeric materials come under the plastic classification. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene,

More information

2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state

2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state 2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state or concentrated from the solution, molecules are often

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types

More information

Chapter 13 - Polymers Introduction

Chapter 13 - Polymers Introduction Chapter 13 - Polymers Introduction I. Nomenclature A. Polymer/Macromolecule polymer - nonmetallic material consisting of large molecules composed of many repeating units - from Greek: poly (many) and meros

More information

MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY First Edition Jeanne L. McHale University of Idaho PRENTICE HALL, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 CONTENTS PREFACE xiii 1 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW 1 1.1 Historical Perspective

More information

See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.

See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. INDEX Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on June 15, 2018 at 06:15:49 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. A Absorption spectra of cellulose

More information

SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers. Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers

SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers. Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers SCH4U Synthesis and Polymers Synthesis Reactions and Addition and Condensation Polymers ADDITION POLYMERS ADDITION POLYMERS A + A + A + A A A A A monomers polymer + + + ethylene (ethene) polyethylene

More information

Chapter 14: Polymer Structures

Chapter 14: Polymer Structures Chapter 14: Polymer Structures ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of polymer molecules? What are some of the common polymeric materials, and how do they differ

More information

What happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence. Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering

What happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence. Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering Raman Spectroscopy What happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering Raman, Fluorescence and IR Scattering Absorption

More information

PHYSICS OF SOLID POLYMERS

PHYSICS OF SOLID POLYMERS PYSIS OF SOLID POLYMERS Professor Goran Ungar WU E, Department of hemical and Biological Engineering Recommended texts: G. Strobl, The Physics of Polymers, Springer 996 (emphasis on physics) U. Gedde,

More information

DOWNLOAD OR READ : INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI

DOWNLOAD OR READ : INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI DOWNLOAD OR READ : INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 infrared and raman spectroscopy concepts and applications infrared and raman spectroscopy

More information

NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers

NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers r NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers Edited by ROGER N. IBBETT Courtaulds Research and Technology Coventry BLACKIE ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL An Imprint of Chapman & Hall London Glasgow New York Tokyo Melbourne

More information

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces Edited by John T. Yates, Jr. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Theodore E. Madey National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland

More information

Category Major Groups Products

Category Major Groups Products Polyester Filament Yarn 1562.48 1803.873 1874.268 1877.529 1811.283 2178.749 2179 2200.91 1127.08 Nylon Filament Yarn (NFY) 30.306 33.429 30.388 21.943 24.324 32.449 37.251 40.906 19.373 Nylon Industrial

More information

Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers

Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers Polymers and biomaterials - laboratory Combustion and thermal degradation of polymers Theoretical background dr Hanna Wilczura-Wachnik University of Warsaw Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Technology Division

More information

Spectroscopy of Polymers

Spectroscopy of Polymers Spectroscopy of Polymers Jack L. Koenig Case Western Reserve University WOMACS Professional Reference Book American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1992 Contents Preface m xiii Theory of Polymer Characterization

More information

The Influence of Processing-History on the Main Melting Temperature and Secondary Melting Temperature Using DSC. Stephen Sansoterra

The Influence of Processing-History on the Main Melting Temperature and Secondary Melting Temperature Using DSC. Stephen Sansoterra The Influence of Processing-History on the Main Melting Temperature and Secondary Melting Temperature Using DSC Abstract: Stephen Sansoterra Canfield High School, 100 Cardinal Drive, Canfield Ohio Polymers

More information

Lecture 25 POLYMERS. April 19, Chemistry 328N

Lecture 25 POLYMERS. April 19, Chemistry 328N Lecture 25 POLYMERS Wallace Carothers April 19, 2016 Paul Flory Wallace Hume Carothers 1896-1937 Carothers at Dupont 1.Commercializion of Nylon https://www.chemheritage.org/ Nylon was first used for fishing

More information

Hydrocarbon Molecules Polymer Molecules The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules

Hydrocarbon Molecules Polymer Molecules The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules CHAPTER 14 POLYMER STRUCTURES PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Hydrocarbon Molecules Polymer Molecules The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules 14.1 On the basis of the structures presented in this chapter, sketch repeat unit

More information

Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES

Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES Materials of Engineering ENGR 151 POLYMER STRUCTURES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand different molecular and crystal structures of polymers What are the general structural and chemical characteristics of

More information

UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY. How Can the Diversity of Materials Be Explained?

UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY. How Can the Diversity of Materials Be Explained? UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY How Can the Diversity of Materials Be Explained? AoS 1: How Can the Knowledge of Elements Explain the Properties of Matter? AoS 2: How Can the Versatility of Non-Metals be Explained? AoS

More information

Effect of crystallinity on properties. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Why?

Effect of crystallinity on properties. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Melting temperature. Why? Effect of crystallinity on properties The morphology of most polymers is semi-crystalline. That is, they form mixtures of small crystals and amorphous material and melt over a range of temperature instead

More information

A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer.

A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. 1.8 Polymers The General Structure of Polymers A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. A monomer is one of the repeating units that make up a polymer. Many biological molecules,

More information

Molecular Symmetry. Symmetry is relevant to: spectroscopy, chirality, polarity, Group Theory, Molecular Orbitals

Molecular Symmetry. Symmetry is relevant to: spectroscopy, chirality, polarity, Group Theory, Molecular Orbitals Molecular Symmetry Symmetry is relevant to: spectroscopy, chirality, polarity, Group Theory, Molecular Orbitals - A molecule has a symmetry element if it is unchanged by a particular symmetry operation

More information

1.1 Basic Polymer Chemistry. 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature. 1.3 Polymer Synthesis. 1.4 Chain Growth Polymerization. Polymer =

1.1 Basic Polymer Chemistry. 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature. 1.3 Polymer Synthesis. 1.4 Chain Growth Polymerization. Polymer = 1.1 Basic Polymer hemistry Polymers are the largest class of soft materials: over 100 billion pounds of polymers made in US each year lassification systems 1.2 Polymer Nomenclature Polymer = Monomer =

More information

Raman and stimulated Raman spectroscopy of chlorinated hydrocarbons

Raman and stimulated Raman spectroscopy of chlorinated hydrocarbons Department of Chemistry Physical Chemistry Göteborg University KEN140 Spektroskopi Raman and stimulated Raman spectroscopy of chlorinated hydrocarbons WARNING! The laser gives a pulsed very energetic and

More information

Ahmet Gürses. Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites

Ahmet Gürses. Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites Ahmet Gürses Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites Ahmet Gürses Published by Pan Stanford Publishing Pte.

More information

Chemistry 5325/5326. Angelo R. Rossi Department of Chemistry The University of Connecticut. January 17-24, 2012

Chemistry 5325/5326. Angelo R. Rossi Department of Chemistry The University of Connecticut. January 17-24, 2012 Symmetry and Group Theory for Computational Chemistry Applications Chemistry 5325/5326 Angelo R. Rossi Department of Chemistry The University of Connecticut angelo.rossi@uconn.edu January 17-24, 2012 Infrared

More information

Experiment 5. Synthetic Polymers.

Experiment 5. Synthetic Polymers. Experiment 5. Synthetic Polymers. References: Brown & Foote, Chapters 24 INTRODUCTION: A polymer (Greek: polys + meros = many parts) is a giant or macromolecule made up of repeating structural units. The

More information

Polymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers

Polymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers Polymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers Polymers in Modified Asphalt Types of Polymers Compatibility of Polymers Effects of Polymers Analysis of polymers Recovery of PMA What Is a

More information

Chapter : 15. POLYMERS. Level-1:Questions

Chapter : 15. POLYMERS. Level-1:Questions 1) What are polymers? Chapter : 15. POLYMERS Level-1:Questions A: These are referred to as Macromolecules which are formed by joining of repeating structural units on a large scale. 2) Give two examples

More information

Spectroscopic Selection Rules

Spectroscopic Selection Rules E 0 v = 0 v = 1 v = 2 v = 4 v = 3 For a vibrational fundamental (Δv = ±1), the transition will have nonzero intensity in either the infrared or Raman spectrum if the appropriate transition moment is nonzero.

More information

not to be republished NCERT Unit I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following polymers of glucose is stored by animals?

not to be republished NCERT Unit I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following polymers of glucose is stored by animals? I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following polymers of glucose is stored by animals? Cellulose Amylose Amylopectin Glycogen 2. Which of the following is not a semisynthetic polymer?

More information

QUELQUES RAPPELS SUR LA NATURE ET LES EFFETS DU FUEL GAZEUX LORS DE LA MODÉLISATION DE LA PYROLYSE

QUELQUES RAPPELS SUR LA NATURE ET LES EFFETS DU FUEL GAZEUX LORS DE LA MODÉLISATION DE LA PYROLYSE GDR Feux Rencontres de Toulouse, 12-13 octobre 2017 QUELQUES RAPPELS SUR LA NATURE ET LES EFFETS DU FUEL GAZEUX LORS DE LA MODÉLISATION DE LA PYROLYSE Par Eric GUILLAUME CHEMICAL APPROACH OF GASEOUS FUEL

More information

Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures. Dr. Coates

Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures. Dr. Coates Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 14: Polymer Structures Dr. Coates 14.1 Introduction Naturally occurring polymers Wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk Synthetic polymers Plastics,

More information

Paul Rempp and Edward W. Merrill. Polymer Synthesis. 2nd, revised Edition. Hüthig & Wepf Verlag Basel Heidelberg New York

Paul Rempp and Edward W. Merrill. Polymer Synthesis. 2nd, revised Edition. Hüthig & Wepf Verlag Basel Heidelberg New York Paul Rempp and Edward W. Merrill Polymer Synthesis 2nd, revised Edition Hüthig & Wepf Verlag Basel Heidelberg New York Table of Contents Part I: Polymerization Reactions Chapter 1: General Considerations

More information

AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM USING TEMPERATURE BASED SAMPLING FOR POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION

AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM USING TEMPERATURE BASED SAMPLING FOR POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM USING TEMPERATURE BASED SAMPLING FOR POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION Paper # 164-8P Pittsburgh Conference 24 T. Wampler, C. Zawodny, L. Mancini CDS Analytical, Inc 465 Limestone Road, Oxford,

More information

Plastics are synthetic substances that can be moulded (often under heat and pressure) and retain the shape they are moulded into.

Plastics are synthetic substances that can be moulded (often under heat and pressure) and retain the shape they are moulded into. 5.7: Polymers Plastics are synthetic substances that can be moulded (often under heat and pressure) and retain the shape they are moulded into. Polymers are large molecules that are made by linking together

More information

Chapter 11. Polymer Structures. Natural vs man-made

Chapter 11. Polymer Structures. Natural vs man-made . Polymer Structures Polymers: materials consisting of long molecules - the word polymer comes from the Greek Polys = many Meros = parts Macromolecules (long size of the chains) many parts - typically,

More information

Chapter 6 Vibrational Spectroscopy

Chapter 6 Vibrational Spectroscopy Chapter 6 Vibrational Spectroscopy As with other applications of symmetry and group theory, these techniques reach their greatest utility when applied to the analysis of relatively small molecules in either

More information

Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the Rhine-Main area in Germany

Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the Rhine-Main area in Germany SUPPORTING INFORMATION Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the Rhine-Main area in Germany Authors Sascha Klein,, Eckhard Worch, Thomas P. Knepper*, Department

More information

MOLECULAR LIGHT SCATTERING AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY

MOLECULAR LIGHT SCATTERING AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY MOLECULAR LIGHT SCATTERING AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY Second edition, revised and enlarged LAURENCE D. BARRON, F.R.S.E. Gardiner Professor of Chemistry, University of Glasgow 122. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

More information

Contents. xiii. Preface v

Contents. xiii. Preface v Contents Preface Chapter 1 Biological Macromolecules 1.1 General PrincipIes 1.1.1 Macrornolecules 1.2 1.1.2 Configuration and Conformation Molecular lnteractions in Macromolecular Structures 1.2.1 Weak

More information

Vibrations. Matti Hotokka

Vibrations. Matti Hotokka Vibrations Matti Hotokka Identify the stuff I ve seen this spectrum before. I know what the stuff is Identify the stuff Let s check the bands Film: Polymer Aromatic C-H Aliphatic C-H Group for monosubstituted

More information

P O L Y M E R S. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25

P O L Y M E R S. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25 P O L Y M E R S The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25 POLYMERS Polymers are large, long-chain molecules. found in nature, including cellulose in plants, starches

More information

Nanotechnology, the Technology of Small Thermodynamic Systems 1

Nanotechnology, the Technology of Small Thermodynamic Systems 1 Contents Chapter 1 Nanotechnology, the Technology of Small Thermodynamic Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Origins of Nanotechnology 1 1.3 What Nanotechnology Is 4 1.3.1 What Can Nanotechnology Do For Us?

More information

Appendix A: The Names of Polymers and Polymeric Materials

Appendix A: The Names of Polymers and Polymeric Materials Appendix A: The Names of Polymers and Polymeric Materials Every newcomer to the study of polymers is inevitably troubled by the profusion of names for individual polymer materials. Some of the difficulties

More information

Crosslinking and Scission

Crosslinking and Scission Radiation Effects on Polymeric Systems Crosslinking and Scission Both crosslinking and scission occur on irradiation of polymers; however, their relative importance varies from polymer to polymer Predominant

More information

SERVOTOUGH SpectraScan

SERVOTOUGH SpectraScan SERVOTOUGH SpectraScan Continuous, real-time analysis of light hydrocarbons Jan Hordijk - Servomex Hydrocarbon stream analysis 5 major technologies used in HydroCarbon land for gas: IR (Infra Red) Laser

More information

Packing of Atoms in Solids [5]

Packing of Atoms in Solids [5] Packing of Atoms in Solids [5] Non dense, random packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond energy r Dense, ordered packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor bond

More information

Structure Determination. How to determine what compound that you have? One way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis

Structure Determination. How to determine what compound that you have? One way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis Structure Determination How to determine what compound that you have? ne way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis -basically burn the compound to determine %C, %H, %, etc. from these percentages

More information

The functionality of a monomer is the number of binding sites that is/are present in that monomer.

The functionality of a monomer is the number of binding sites that is/are present in that monomer. Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10

More information

M.S. Dresselhaus G. Dresselhaus A. Jorio. Group Theory. Application to the Physics of Condensed Matter. With 131 Figures and 219 Tables.

M.S. Dresselhaus G. Dresselhaus A. Jorio. Group Theory. Application to the Physics of Condensed Matter. With 131 Figures and 219 Tables. M.S. Dresselhaus G. Dresselhaus A. Jorio Group Theory Application to the Physics of Condensed Matter With 131 Figures and 219 Tables 4) Springer Contents Part I Basic Mathematics 1 Basic Mathematical Background:

More information

Complementary Use of Raman and FT-IR Imaging for the Analysis of Multi-Layer Polymer Composites

Complementary Use of Raman and FT-IR Imaging for the Analysis of Multi-Layer Polymer Composites Complementary Use of Raman and FT-IR Imaging for the Analysis of Multi-Layer Polymer Composites Robert Heintz, Mark Wall, Jennifer Ramirez, Stephan Woods Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison WI Overview Purpose:

More information

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front

More information

Types of Molecular Vibrations

Types of Molecular Vibrations Important concepts in IR spectroscopy Vibrations that result in change of dipole moment give rise to IR absorptions. The oscillating electric field of the radiation couples with the molecular vibration

More information

Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural

Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural Question 15.1: Explain the terms polymer and monomer. Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules composed of repeating structural units derived from monomers. Polymers have a high molecular mass (10

More information

Analytical Raman Spectroscopy

Analytical Raman Spectroscopy Analytical Raman Spectroscopy Edited by JEANETTE G. GRASSELLI Department of Chemistry Ohio University Athens, Ohio and BERNARD J. BULKIN BP Research Centre Sunbury-on-Thames Middlesex, England A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE

More information

Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry. Vibration and Rotation Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry. Vibration and Rotation Spectroscopy Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry Symmetry requirement for coupling combination bands and Fermi resonance 2 3 V 3 1505 cm -1 (R, IR) E' stretches v 1 888 cm -1 (R) A 1 ' stretch V 2 718 cm -1 (IR) A

More information

Note: Brief explanation should be no more than 2 sentences.

Note: Brief explanation should be no more than 2 sentences. Her \Hmher UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION, April 26, 2017 DURATION: 2 and /2 hrs MSE245 - HiS - Second Year - MSE Organic Material Chemistry & Processing

More information

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT COURSE CURRICULUM. Course Title: Polymer Chemistry (Code: )

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT COURSE CURRICULUM. Course Title: Polymer Chemistry (Code: ) GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT COURSE CURRICULUM Course Title: Polymer (Code: 3322301) Diploma Programme in which this course is offered Plastic Engineering Semester in which offered

More information

COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ

COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ COMPOSITE MATERIALS Office ours: Tuesday, 16:30-17:30 akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com Phone: +90 252 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department ISSUES TO ADDRESS Polymers Applications

More information

POLYMER SCIENCE : lecture 1. Dr. Hanaa J. Alshimary Second class Poly. Eng. Dep. Introduction of Polymers Polymer poly mer Monomer Polymerization

POLYMER SCIENCE : lecture 1. Dr. Hanaa J. Alshimary Second class Poly. Eng. Dep. Introduction of Polymers Polymer poly mer Monomer Polymerization Introduction of Polymers Polymer - The word polymer is the Greek word : poly means many and mer means unit or parts, A Polymer is a large molecule that comprises repeating structural units joined by the

More information

LECTURE 3 DIRECT PRODUCTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC SELECTION RULES

LECTURE 3 DIRECT PRODUCTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC SELECTION RULES SYMMETRY II. J. M. GOICOECHEA. LECTURE 3 1 LECTURE 3 DIRECT PRODUCTS AND SPECTROSCOPIC SELECTION RULES 3.1 Direct products and many electron states Consider the problem of deciding upon the symmetry of

More information

Chemistry 431. NC State University. Lecture 17. Vibrational Spectroscopy

Chemistry 431. NC State University. Lecture 17. Vibrational Spectroscopy Chemistry 43 Lecture 7 Vibrational Spectroscopy NC State University The Dipole Moment Expansion The permanent dipole moment of a molecule oscillates about an equilibrium value as the molecule vibrates.

More information

Modern Techniques in Applied Molecular Spectroscopy

Modern Techniques in Applied Molecular Spectroscopy Modern Techniques in Applied Molecular Spectroscopy Edited by FRANCIS M. MIRABELLA Equistar Chemicals, LP A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane

More information

Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory

Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory Dr. Davide Ferri Paul Scherrer Institut 056 310 27 81 davide.ferri@psi.ch Importance of IR spectroscopy in catalysis IR Raman NMR XAFS UV-Vis EPR 0 200 400 600 800 1000

More information

Principles of Physical Biochemistry

Principles of Physical Biochemistry Principles of Physical Biochemistry Kensal E. van Hold e W. Curtis Johnso n P. Shing Ho Preface x i PART 1 MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 1 1 Biological Macromolecules 2 1.1 General Principles

More information

Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding.

Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Sigma and Pi Bonds: All single bonds are sigma(σ), that

More information

Periodic table with the elements associated with commercial polymers in color.

Periodic table with the elements associated with commercial polymers in color. Polymers 1. What are polymers 2. Polymerization 3. Structure features of polymers 4. Thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers 5. Additives 6. Polymer crystals 7. Mechanical properties of polymers

More information

The Raman Effect. A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Raman Scattering by Molecules. DerekA. Long

The Raman Effect. A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Raman Scattering by Molecules. DerekA. Long The Raman Effect A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Raman Scattering by Molecules DerekA. Long Emeritus Professor ofstructural Chemistry University of Bradford Bradford, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Vll

More information

PAPER No. 12: ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY MODULE No. 4: Basic principles and Instrumentation for IR spectroscopy

PAPER No. 12: ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY MODULE No. 4: Basic principles and Instrumentation for IR spectroscopy Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Paper 12: Organic Spectroscopy Module 4: Basic principles and Instrumentation for IR spectroscopy CHE_P12_M4_e-Text TABLE OF CONTENTS

More information

Chemical Engineering Seminar Series

Chemical Engineering Seminar Series Effect of Reaction Conditions on Copolymer Properties Loretta Idowu Keywords: copolymer composition distribution; radical polymerization kinetics; semi-batch starved feed; hydroxyl-functionality Non-functional

More information

Structure and Dynamics : An Atomic View of Materials

Structure and Dynamics : An Atomic View of Materials Structure and Dynamics : An Atomic View of Materials MARTIN T. DOVE Department ofearth Sciences University of Cambridge OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Observations 1 1.1.1 Microscopic

More information

MASS and INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPY

MASS and INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPY MASS and INFRA RED SPECTRSCPY Mass Spectroscopy The mass spectrometer was looked at in Unit 1. It was noted there that compounds produce fragmentation patterns when passes through a mass spectrometer.

More information

SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER

SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER c = c: speed of light 3.00 x 10 8 m/s (lamda): wavelength (m) (nu): frequency (Hz) Increasing E (J) Increasing (Hz) E = h h - Planck s constant

More information

Macromolecular Chemistry

Macromolecular Chemistry Macromolecular Chemistry Lecture 8 Measuring Molecular Weight Membrane Osmometry Alfredo Vapor Phase Osmometry Linda Viscometry GW Gel Permeation Chromatography Size exclusion Chromatography Light Scattering

More information

Tables for Group Theory

Tables for Group Theory Tables for Group Theory By P. W. ATKINS, M. S. CHILD, and C. S. G. PHILLIPS This provides the essential tables (character tables, direct products, descent in symmetry and subgroups) required for those

More information

PC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy

PC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy PC Laboratory Raman Spectroscopy Schedule: Week of September 5-9: Student presentations Week of September 19-23:Student experiments Learning goals: (1) Hands-on experience with setting up a spectrometer.

More information

MATERIALS SCIENCE TEST Part 1: Structure & Synthesis Topics

MATERIALS SCIENCE TEST Part 1: Structure & Synthesis Topics Fairfax Science Olympiad Tryouts 2018 Name: _ Score: /75 MATERIALS SCIENCE TEST Part 1: Structure & Synthesis Topics In questions 1-6, draw a diagram of the named functional group. Use R to denote the

More information

Symmetric Stretch: allows molecule to move through space

Symmetric Stretch: allows molecule to move through space BACKGROUND INFORMATION Infrared Spectroscopy Before introducing the subject of IR spectroscopy, we must first review some aspects of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed

More information

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy as a Tool for Polymer Analysis

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy as a Tool for Polymer Analysis Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy as a Tool for Polymer Analysis September 13, 2011 Yoshimichi OHKI Waseda University 1 INTRODUCTION Dielectric behavior of a polymer various kinetic motions displacement,

More information

PAPER No. : 8 (PHYSICAL SPECTROSCOPY) MODULE No. : 5 (TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AND TRANSITION DIPOLE MOMENT. OVERVIEW OF SELECTION RULES)

PAPER No. : 8 (PHYSICAL SPECTROSCOPY) MODULE No. : 5 (TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AND TRANSITION DIPOLE MOMENT. OVERVIEW OF SELECTION RULES) Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 8 and Physical Spectroscopy 5 and Transition probabilities and transition dipole moment, Overview of selection rules CHE_P8_M5 TABLE

More information

Abstract. The vibrational properties of pentane, neopentane, polyethylene and polyvinylchloride are

Abstract. The vibrational properties of pentane, neopentane, polyethylene and polyvinylchloride are Computational Infrared Spectroscopy: Pentane, Neopentane, Polyethylene and Polyvinylchloride Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering MSE 255 Lab

More information

Polymers and Composite Materials

Polymers and Composite Materials Polymers and omposite Materials Shibu G. Pillai hemical Engineering Department shibu.pillai@nirmauni.ac.in ontents lassification of Polymers Types of polymerization Elastomers/ Rubber Advanced Polymeric

More information

Quiz Act # s Study Guide

Quiz Act # s Study Guide Name: Activity #15-Families of Elements 1.) Define an element Quiz Act # s 15-21 Study Guide 2.) Whether something is in the solid, liquid, or gas form is known as its state of matter. Is an elements state

More information

Quote from Eugene Paul Wigner

Quote from Eugene Paul Wigner Quote from Eugene Paul Wigner See also: Current Science, vol. 69, no. 4, 25 August 1995, p. 375 From the preface to his book on group theory: Wigner relates a conversation with von Laue on the use of group

More information

MA Selection Chemistry example test questions. Time: 180 minutes. This test consists of four main questions Main

MA Selection Chemistry example test questions. Time: 180 minutes. This test consists of four main questions Main MA Selection 2019-2020 Chemistry example test questions Time: 180 minutes This test consists of four main questions Main question Maximum Points 1 40 2 30 3 15 4 15 1 Twenty multiple choice questions (2

More information

Electronic materials and components-polymer types

Electronic materials and components-polymer types Introduction Electronic materials and components-polymer types Polymer science is a broad field that includes many types of materials which incorporate long chain structures with many repeated units. One

More information

Surface Characterization of Advanced Polymers

Surface Characterization of Advanced Polymers Surface Characterization of Advanced Polymers Edited by Luigia Sabbatini and Pier Giorgio Zambonin VCH Weinheim New York Basel Cambridge Tokyo 1 Spectroscopies for Surface Characterization 1 E. Desimoni

More information

Bent linear trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal Polar nonpolar nonpolar polar Sp 3 sp sp 2 sp 3

Bent linear trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal Polar nonpolar nonpolar polar Sp 3 sp sp 2 sp 3 Name period ap chemistry unit 3 worksheet 1. What are structural isomers? Draw two isomers of pentane. Compounds with the same formula but different structures. See in class 2. give the formula for each

More information

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) CHEM53200: Lecture 10 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Major reference: Surface Analysis Edited by J. C. Vickerman (1997). 1 Primary particles may be: Secondary particles can be e s, neutral species

More information

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a method used to obtain an infrared

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a method used to obtain an infrared Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Low Density Polyethylene, High Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polystyrene Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science

More information

Downloaded from Polymer. (one mark questions Q1 to Q20)

Downloaded from   Polymer. (one mark questions Q1 to Q20) Polymer (one mark questions Q1 to Q20) Q1.Give the name and structure of reagent used for initiating a free radical chain reaction. Ans: Name- benzoylperoxide,c 6H 5-CO-O-O-CO-H 5C 6 Q2.Classify them as

More information

Lecture 26 Classification

Lecture 26 Classification Lecture 26 Classification April 24, 2018 Industrial Influence: Trade Names PVC poly (vinylidene chloride) Saran wrap PVC poly (vinyl chloride) Pipe and records PET poly (ethylene teraphthalate) Coke bottles,

More information