P O L Y M E R S. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25
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1 P O L Y M E R S The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 1 of 25
2 POLYMERS Polymers are large, long-chain molecules. found in nature, including cellulose in plants, starches in food, proteins, and DNA in the body. also synthetic such as polyethylene and polystyrene, Teflon, and nylon. have small repeating units called monomers. can be made from reaction of small alkenes. 2 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 2 of 25
3 STARCH The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 3 of 25
4 CELLULOSE The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 4 of 25
5 PROTEINS The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 5 of 25
6 DNA & RNA The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 6 of 25
7 COMMON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS 7 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 7 of 25
8 COMMON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS 8 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 8 of 25
9 COMMON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 9 of 25
10 POLYMERIZATION In polymerization, small repeating units called monomers join to form a long chain polymer. H H C C H H H H + C C + C C H H H H H H monomer unit repeats Ethylene monomers chain continues H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H H n Polyethylene chain continues The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 10 of 25
11 POLYMERS FROM ADDITION REACTIONS 11 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 11 of 25
12 MORE MONOMERS AND POLYMERS 12 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 12 of 25
13 LEARNING CHECK What is the starting monomer for polyethylene? Ethene (ethylene) CH 2 =CH 2 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 13 of 25
14 LEARNING CHECK Name the monomer used to make Teflon and write a portion of a Teflon polymer using four monomers. F F F C=C F tetrafluoroethene F F F F F F F F C C C C C C C C F F F F F F F F portion of Teflon The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 14 of 25
15 RECYCLING PLASTICS Recycling is simplified by using codes on plastic items. 1 PETE Polyethyleneterephtalate 2 HDPE High-density polyethylene 3 PVC or PV Polyvinyl chloride 4 LDPE Low-density polyethylene 5 PP Polypropylene 6 PS Polystyrene The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 15 of 25
16 RECYCLING PLASTICS The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 16 of 25
17 LEARNING CHECK What types of plastic are indicated by the following codes? A. 3 PV B. C. 5 PP 6 PS The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 17 of 25
18 SOLUTION What types of plastic are indicated by the following codes? 3 A. PV Polyvinyl chloride B. 5 Polypropylene C. PP Polystyrene. 6 PS The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 18 of 25
19 POLYMERIZATION An alkene (monomer) can add to another molecule like itself to form a chain (polymer). Three methods: Cationic, a carbocation intermediate Free radical Anionic, a carbanion intermediate (rare) The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 19 of 25
20 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 20 of 25
21 TERMINATION STEP OF CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION The chain growth ends when a proton is abstracted by the weak base of the acid used to initiate the reaction. The loss of a hydrogen forms an alkene and ends the chain growth so this is a termination step. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 21 of 25
22 CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION USING BF 3 AS CATALYST The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 22 of 25
23 RADICAL POLYMERIZATION In the presence of an initiator such as peroxide, free-radical polymerization occurs. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 23 of 25
24 ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION For an alkene to gain electrons, strong electronwithdrawing groups such as nitro, cyano, or carbonyl must be attached to the carbons in the double bond. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 24 of 25
25 Questions Compiled from various sources by D. Leonard (Learning Specialist) The Academic Support Daytona State College The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 106, Page 25 of 25
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