A dirty-bomb is going to explode sometime tomorrow and destroy your company 4ever. You have been warned. 9/24/ :41 pm

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1 BOMB THREATS RESPONSE 1

2 Preparedness 2

3 3 A dirty-bomb is going to explode sometime tomorrow and destroy your company 4ever. You have been warned 9/24/ :41 pm

4 What we envision 4

5 What we experience 5

6 6 H U M A N S A S S O F T TA R G E T S Security not a primary thought or concern Overreliance on security and first responders Not prepared to (properly) respond Will panic, forget training Have a herd mentality

7 7 #1 Fear H U M A N V U L N E R A B I L I T Y Human life space - individual s perceived reality Example: if a man believes he is being followed down a dark alley, this is his perceived reality, and whether a pursuer actually exists is irrelevant. The man will suffer physiological changes associated with fear and panic, his fight or flight instinct will involuntarily take over. Social psychologist Kurt Lewin ( )

8 8 Result: Don t need an actual bomb to cause terror and chaos.

9 9 H U M A N V U L N E R A B I L I T Y #2 Security Fatigue Fatigued by fear and uncertainty, or information overload, human response swings towards impulse and lack of caution.

10 10 Security fatigue dangers: Conditioning Lack of vigilance Slow response Wrong response No response

11 11 5 E M O T I O N A L T R A P S 1. Hopelessness There s nothing we can do. Defeatism. 2. Infallibility It will never happen here. 3. Inescapability If it s unavoidable, why even try to mitigate? 4. Invulnerability It can t happen to me/us. 5. Inevitability If it s going to happen anyway, why prepare?

12 12 I M P O R TA N C E O F H U M A N H A R D E N I N G A trained human is the best weapon system. Intuition, connect dots, learn/improve the best sensors. Education lowers fears, creates force multipliers.

13 13 F I R S T T H I N G S F I R S T Before considering what to do about bomb threats Ask why you re doing it. Use effects-based preparedness and hardening.

14 14 Understanding bombings Worst bombing in the U.S. in the last 50 years: Bath, MI (Largest loss of life in U.S. school attack) Oklahoma City (Worst domestic terror attack in U.S.) World Trade Center ( 93) (First WTC Attack) LaGuardia Airport ( 75) (11 killed, 75 injured) Not one of these attacks was preceded by a bomb threat.

15 All Hazards Preparedness 15

16 16 Explosion Statistics No report of a bomb threat preceding any of these explosions.

17 Explosion Statistics 17

18 18 About Threats Some persons who make threats ultimately pose threats. Many persons who make threats do not pose a threat. Most persons who pose threats never make them.

19 19 Tale to Two Cities

20 20 Bomb Threats 2016 Total Bomb Threats: 1,537* 2015 Total Bomb Threats: 1,670

A total of 1,536 bomb threat incidents were reported in 2016, a slight decrease since 2015.

21 A total of 1,536 bomb threat incidents were reported in 2016, a slight decrease since Education, office/business, and residential remain the top three targets of bomb threats in

22 22 Mentality of a Bomber A bomber wants to kill people and/or destroy a structure. If the goal were to destroy a structure and not kill people it would be set to go off at a time when the building was not occupied. If the goal were to kill people, it would be set to go off when the building was fully occupied. A threat is counterproductive to either of these goals. "How is it right for you to occupy our countries and kill our women and children and expect to live in peace and security? the equation is clear: you are killed as you kill Osama Bin Laden

23 23 What s the Harm in Evacuating? While the cost of lost operational time is considerable, the priority is always to safe lives. So is evacuation safer? Absent evidence of an actual explosive devices inside the school, people are likely safer inside the facility.

24 Minimum Safe Distance in Feet Standoff Distances Protection from an IED explosion Pipe Bomb Car Bomb Inside Outside

25 25 Four Possibilities 1.Criminal Hoax 2.Ambush 3.IED Outside 4.IED Inside

26 26 1. Criminal Hoax Bomb threats are illegal in every state. Assist local law enforcement in bomb threat investigations. By far, this is the most likely scenario.

27 27 2. Ambush Secondary Attack Countermeasures

28 28 3. I.E.D. Inside Statically, this is least likely scenario.

29 29 IED Inside A school with reasonable security measures should be protected against large IED s being placed inside the school. This limits the likely size of an IED to a backpack or smaller.

30 30 4. I.E.D. Outside Bombing are rare, but I.E.D.s are more likely to be placed outside a facility.

31 31 IED Outside A vehicle borne IED (car bomb) can be devastating to an area larger then a football field.

32 32 Criminal Hoax Likely Safest Response Evacuation X Neutral Heightened Security

33 33 IED/Possible IED Inside Likely Safest Response X Evacuation Neutral Heightened Security

34 34 IED Outside Evacuation Neutral X Heightened Security

35 35 IED Outside/Ambush Evacuation Neutral X Heightened Security

36 R E C E I P T O F A B O M B T H R E AT 36

37 37

38 38 Alerting others Active versus Passive Response Heightened Security

39 39 Regardless of how the threat is delivered or made, no bomb threat will be ignored. SAFE Bomb Threat Response Guide

40 40

41 41 There is no known correlation to the type of threat and credibility.

42 42

43 43

44 44

45 45

46 46

47 47 Remember, the discovery or receipt of a suspicious package or object is a game changer. Treat all suspicious packages as potential IEDs.

48 48

49 49 If there is a threat, there needs to be a search. Training staff on bomb threat response on basic search procedures, before your next bomb threat, will improve response and lessen anxiety.

50 50 Searching the Campus Searching the campus for potential explosive devices is a vital component of bomb threat assessment and response. Because an IEDcan be made to look like nearly anything, it is imperative that all staff participate in the search process. Staff, who are familiar with what belongs on campus, are best suited to search for suspicious objects that may be IEDs.

51 51 Low Profile Search Search Covers: Hallways Common areas Evacuation routes (if needed) Search Conducted by: Leadership Crisis Team Public Safety When to use: Initial search prior to assessment Low credibility threat Evacuation or closing is imminent

52 52 Search Covers: Comprehensive Search Entire Campus Search Conducted by: When to use: All staff to include teachers Credible threat, (in classrooms) regardless of evacuation

Does the risk of using a radio or cell phone to communicate

53 53 Use of Cell Phones and Radios Ultimately the decision to ban use of phones and radios is left with the Incident Commander. Does the risk of using a radio or cell phone to communicate during a bomb threat outweigh the benefit of efficient communications?

54 54 This form can help the person coordinating the search identify common areas to be searched.

55 55 This form provides guidance to search teams.

56 56 If you need to evacuate, take precautions to mitigate ambush-style attacks and secondary explosive devices (secondary attacks).

57 57 If a device or IED is suspected, be certain to evacuate a safe distance.

58 58 All bomb threats are not equal and automatic evacuation to a threat is not your safest course of action. Assess the threat and act upon available intelligence.

59 59 What is a Credible Threat? Unless a potential IED has been located, there are no clear-cut guidelines that define a credible threat. School officials must work hand-in-hand with law enforcement to determine if school evacuation is the safest course of action.

60 60 Assessment Decisions

61 61 Counter-intuitive doesn't mean unsafe. Option to Remain Inside Uses the facility for protection as information is gathered. Allows incident response teams time to establish possible evacuation routes as one response strategy. Minimizes confusion as leaders prepare to act while incident response teams evaluate the threat. Employee and guests are accounted for if the threat evolves into intruder response or active shooter.

62 62 Optional form to help implement the Incident Command System (ICS). Management

63 63 Checklist

64 64 Crisis Communications Active vs. Passive Response Just Four Things. 1. What Happened? 2. What s Being Done? 3. What Are Your Next Steps? 4. What Can We Do to Help?

65 65 Remember Your Priorities Emergency training and drills facilitate coordinated response.

66 Questions 66

What Does Security Cost? Presentation to SLC s Fiscal Affairs and Government Operations Committee July 12, 2008 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

What Does Security Cost? Presentation to SLC s Fiscal Affairs and Government Operations Committee July 12, 2008 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Welcome to Policy Hell Major Terrorist Attacks in the U.S. are: High