Trend of dust storm days and variation in dust and carbon monoxide concentrations during dust storms observed at Cheongwon, Korea

Transcription

1 Korea Centre for Atmospheric Environment Research Trend of dust storm days and variation in dust and carbon monoxide concentrations during dust storms observed at Cheongwon, Korea Yong-Seung CHUNG and Hak-Sung KIM Korea Centre for Atmospheric Environment Research 1

2 A) Atmospheric Characteristics - Dust/Sandstorms: dust/sand lifting in the source region - Dust fall: floating and deposition of dust/sand particles in the sink region B) Transport of air pollution 1. Inter-continental air pollutants N. America: forest-fire smoke plumes (1984) 2. Inter-continental air pollutants East Asia: duststorms and dust fall (1986) 3. Trans-oceanic air pollutants N. America-Europe: sulphates (1986) 4. Trans-oceanic air pollutants Africa-N. America, W. Indies: Saharan DS (1986)

3 Fig. Computer enhanced output for the satellite image (2015 GMT) of Fig. 1, showing yellow-orange smoke pollution from forest fires, purple smoke over lakes, and vast plumes extending from Alberta and the Northwest Territories over 1000 km into northern Manitoba (Lake Athabasca is about 300 km long.) (Chung and Le, 1984).

4 Fig. GOES-E visible image taken at 1431 GMT on June 1979, illustrating the grey-milky appearance of the haze over eastern N America and over the Atlantic Ocean (Chung, 1986).

5 Fig. Schematic sea-level map showing cyclone families and frontal surface topography. After Palmén and Newton (1969). Reproduced with permission.

6 Fig. An example of the satellite pictures showing a dust cloud over and near Korea at 0600 GMT, 20 April 1980 (GMS Orbit 0532; VIS). The dust storm had originated in N China and was moving towards Japan (Chung, 1986).

7 Fig. The record-breaking most violent sandstorm situated over Mongolia, Manchuria and N Korea (April 7, 2001).

8 Fig. Visible GOES-E Satellite imagery, 1202 GMT, 27 July 1982, showing an extensive Saharan dust cloud, km long and 2000 km wide, over the Atlantic Ocean. The leading edge of the dust could invaded West Indies and the coastal region of N America (Chung, 1986).

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12 Table. Observed daily maximum concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 during dustfall episodes in

13 (a) (b) Fig. (a) A satellite image (1430 LST) showing large-scale dust cloud over the Yellow Sea, and (b) hourly variations of dust concentrations observed at Cheongwon on 20 March

14 _MTSAT _MTSAT _N19 Fig. NOAA and MTSAT satellite images showing duststorm transport over the East Asian region, and (b) hourly variations of dust concentrations and visibility observed at Cheongwon on 11~12 November

15 Long-term measurement of mass concentrations Fig. Long-term trend and variation of dusty days and dust cases observed at Cheongwon, central Korea, and Seosan, west Korea from 1997 to

16 Fig. Long-term trend and variation of yearly maximum PM10 mass concentrations during dusty days observed at Cheongwon, central Korea, and Anmyeon, west Korea from 1997 to

17 Variation of air pollutants during dustfall cases Table. Variation of mass and carbon monoxide concentrations analyzed on 33 dustfall episodes at Cheongwon, Korea from 2006 to A (14 cases) B (19 cases) Type Before dusty hours During dusty hours After dusty hours Before dusty hours During dusty hours After dusty hours TSP 90±44 404± ±65 75±56 505±348 79±54 PM10 69±34 367±249 69±47 55±38 376±269 54±38 PM2.5 41±25 77±71 22±16 25±15 89±46 20±14 CO 662± ± ± ± ± ±228 17

18 Fig. Statistical analysis of mass and carbon monoxide concentrations classified with two different variation types of dustfall episodes from 2006 to

19 Case study (type A; double peaks) Duststorm occurrence (12 LST, 19 March 2010) 12 hours before dustfall episode (03 LST, 20 March 2010) Severe dustfall episode (21 LST, 20 March 2010) Fig. Surface meteorological maps showing dustfalls (shaded red circles) and wind flags at 850 hpa during 19~20 March

20 850 hpa Fig. Hourly variation of mass and carbon monoxide concentrations during 19~21 March

21 Case study (type B; single peak) Duststorm occurrence (12 LST, 14 March 2010) 12 hours before dustfall episode (15 LST, 15 March 2010) Dustfall episode (00 LST, 16 March 2010) Fig. Surface meteorological maps showing dustfalls (shaded red circles) and wind flags at 850 hpa during 14~16 March

22 850 hpa Fig. Hourly variation of mass and carbon monoxide concentrations during 14~17 March

23 CONCLUSION 1. Continuous monitoring at Cheongju-Cheongwon in central Korea since Improvement of the technology of observing air pollution by using the NOAA satellites 3. The analysis of the NOAA satellite images makes it possible to distinguish distribution and transport of regionally polluted air masses 4. Measurement of background air pollution 5. Measurements of the PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO 2, O 3, and SO 2 concentrations were shown to have increased along with the input of massive AP from Yellow Sea 23