Weather and Climate for Educators: The Science of Weather and Climate. Wednesday, July 9: Energy
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1 Weather and Climate for Educators: The Science of Weather and Climate Wednesday, July 9: Energy Morning 8:00 Refreshments 8:30 Warm Up Cubes & Discussion 8:45 Course & Content Overview Introductions / Teachers / Course presenters Pre-test Overview of course structure / assignment / credit Practical details 9:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: Energy & Radiation 10:30 Break Energy concepts: What is energy? Conservation of energy: Can energy be created or destroyed? Numbers & efficiency: How much energy does it take to climb a set of stairs? 10:45 Explain: EM Spectrum Scales of energy and wavelength Interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter 11:00 Engage / Explore / Explain: EM Radiation The visible spectrum: Rainbow glasses Beyond the rainbow, part I: Can you see beyond the rainbow? Beyond the rainbow, part II: Would you get a sunburn on Mars? Photon energy: What is the difference between red light and blue light? 11:45 Extend / Evaluate 12:00 Lunch Investigation: Why do the solar insects work under the incandescent bulbs but not under the fluorescent bulbs? Activity / Discussion: Cubes, Part II (new version without clear patterns) Crux of the biscuit: Everyone has something to add to discussions, and there are multiple ways to look at things. The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 1
2 Afternoon 1:00 Engage / Explore / Explain: Energy & EM Radiation Way beyond the rainbow, Part I (Thermal camera demonstrations): Seeing thermal radiation. Way beyond the rainbow, Part II (Thermal camera demonstrations): Thermal energy transmission, emission, absorption. Radiation as a means of energy transfer: Can you see thermal radiation? Introduction to the thermal sensors: What do infrared thermometers measure? 1:45 Extend / Evaluate Cubes: EM Cubes 2:00 Engage / Explore / Explain: Radiation and Energy on Earth, Part I Kinesthetic activity: What makes a gas a greenhouse gas? Energy and the atmosphere: What is the greenhouse effect? Understanding energy in the atmosphere, Part I: What is a model? Understanding energy in the atmosphere, Part II: How does the atmosphere keep the Earth warmer? 2:45 Extend / Evaluate 3:00 Break Discussion: Why does it get colder as you go higher in the atmosphere? 3:15 Engage / Explore / Explain: Radiation and Energy on Earth, Part II Greenhouse effect review: How does the Earth cool itself off? Absorption and albedo: How does snow make the weather colder? Absorption, emission, transmission: Why does it get colder on clear nights than on cloudy nights? 4:15 Extend / Evaluate: Radiation and Energy on Earth 4:30 Adjourn Discussion: Why is July hotter than May? (Peak radiation vs. peak temperature discussion.) Evening The Light, The Dark and the Stars Bring your thermal sensors to give a forecast for the morning temperature! The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 2
3 Thursday, July 10: Air & water & clouds Morning 8:00 Refreshments 8:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: Air, Water & Clouds, Part I Air is matter, Part I: Does air weigh anything? Air is matter, Part II: How can you demonstrate the weight of the air? Gas laws, Part I: What causes pressure? Gas laws, Part II: Marshmallow mashers The magnitude of atmospheric pressure: Crushing a drum 9:30 Extend / Evaluate Discussion: Why does the pressure decrease as you go higher in the atmosphere? 9:45 Engage / Explore / Explain: Air, Water & Clouds, Part II Temperature changes on compression/expansion: If hot air rises, why is it cold in the mountains? Discussion: Explain what is happening in terms of work & energy Discussion: Explain what is happening at an atomic level Discussion: Explain how this relates to the temperature profile of the atmosphere. 10:15 Break (with convection activities!) Convection demos Ice cube with food coloring Coffee and tea with cream 10:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: Air, Water & Clouds, Part III 11:30 Explain Explain: Pressure forces on air parcels, buoyant forces, sinking & floating Launch wish lanterns Launch solar hot air balloon Stability: Why do thunderstorms tend to form in the afternoon, Part I? Stability: Why do thunderstorms tend to form in the afternoon, Part II? Pressure profiles in the atmosphere 11:40 Extend / Evaluate 12:00 Lunch Discussion: Which corresponds to rising air: high or low surface pressure? The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 3
4 Afternoon 1:00 Engage / Explore / Explain: Water, Energy and Phase Transitions, Part I Transferring energy with water vapor: What is the opposite of sweating? Transferring energy with water vapor: Cooking with condensation Heat packs - How can freezing make something warmer? Transpiration: Do plants sweat? Boiling & freezing & energy: Making ice cream in 2 minutes 2:00 Extend / Evaluate 2:15 Break Discussion: Why do we often get a period of warm, clear days after the first killing frost? ( Golden October in Germany) 2:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: More Water, Energy and Phase Transitions Light & color & scattering: Why are clouds white? Vapor pressure: Why can warm air hold more moisture than cold air? Creating clouds: Do cities affect the weather? Explain: Clouds and cloud processes Make and Take: Touch a Cloud 3:30 Extend / Evaluate Cubes: Air, water clouds Discussion questions 4:00 Extend / Evaluate: Clouds in a Glass of Beer 4:30 Adjourn Evening More clouds, more glasses of beer... Meet at Tap and Handle! The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 4
5 Friday, July 11: Global weather and climate Morning 8:00 Refreshments 8:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: Weather on a Spinning Sphere, Part I Engage: Patterns on the globe: Where are the forests? Where are the deserts? Engage: Energy and angle: Why is it tropical in the tropics? 9:00 Extend / Evaluate Discussion: The sun is up for 24 hours a day in the Alaskan summer. Why isn t it hotter? 9:15 Engage / Explore / Explain: Weather on a Spinning Sphere, Part II 10:15 Break Explain: Forces on air parcels Forces & circular motion, Part I: How do you make something move in a circle? Forces & circular motion, Part II: What is an apparent force? Forces on air parcels, Part I: Why do hurricanes go counterclockwise? Forces on air parcels, Part II: Why doesn t the wind blow from high pressure to low pressure? Weather on a spinning sphere: Start the spin tanks. 10:30 Extend / Evaluate Activity: See what has happened with the spin tanks. Activity: How does the motion of air on the globe leads to climate zones? 11:30 Extend / Evaluate 12:00 Lunch Discussion: What would happen if you made the Earth spin faster? Discussion: How does the spin of other planets lead to different weather patterns? The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 5
6 Afternoon 1:00 Engage / Explore / Explain: Weather vs. Climate Basics Weather vs. climate, Part I: What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather vs. climate, Part II: What is chaos? 1:30 Engage / Explore / Explain: Feedbacks and forcings Forcing: Greenhouse gases Tailpipe vs. blow dryer How much CO2 comes out of your tailpipe Effects of forcing: Climate model with enhanced carbon dioxide Feedback: Positive vs. negative: What is a feedback? 2:15 Extend / Evaluate Discussion: Which is a positive feedback? Which is a negative feedback? 2:30 Break 2:45 Engage / Explore / Explain: Solutions Explain: The concept of the wedge Choices, part I: What choices do we make as a society? Choices, part II: Can you turn your carbon footprint into a carbon toeprint? 3:30 Extend / Evaluate: Next steps Applying lessons: How can you use this in your teaching? 4:00 Post Test / Questionnaire / Completing Credit 4:15 Closing 4:30 Adjourn The Science of Weather and Climate!!!!!!!! 6
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CLIMATE. SECTION 14.1 Defining Climate
Date Period Name CLIMATE SECTION.1 Defining Climate In your textbook, read about climate and different types of climate data. Put a check ( ) next to the types of data that describe climate. 1. annual
10/31/2017. Calculating the temperature of earth (The greenhouse effect) IR radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum
Calculating the temperature of earth (The greenhouse effect) EM radiation so far Spectrum of EM radiation emitted by many objects may be approximated by the blackbody spectrum Blackbody spectrum (plot
Today. Spectra. Thermal Radiation. Wien s Law. Stefan-Boltzmann Law. Kirchoff s Laws. Emission and Absorption. Spectra & Composition
Today Spectra Thermal Radiation Wien s Law Stefan-Boltzmann Law Kirchoff s Laws Emission and Absorption Spectra & Composition Spectrum Originally, the range of colors obtained by passing sunlight through