Topic 5 Practice Test

Transcription

1 Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere 1. The Earth surface that best absorbs short-wave solar radiation has which characteristics? A) black and rough B) black and smooth C) white and rough D) white and smooth 2. Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases? A) ultraviolet B) visible light C) infrared D) radio waves 3. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength? A) ultraviolet B) gamma rays C) visible light D) radio waves 4. Which color of the visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength? A) violet B) blue C) yellow D) red 5. Which type of land surface would probably reflect the most incoming solar radiation? A) light colored and smooth B) light colored and rough C) dark colored and smooth D) dark colored and rough 6. Scientists are concerned about the decrease in ozone in the upper atmosphere primarily because ozone protects life on Earth by absorbing certain wavelengths of A) x-ray radiation B) ultraviolet radiation C) infrared radiation D) microwave radiation 7. The diagram below shows the types of electromagnetic energy given off by the Sun. The shaded part of the diagram shows the approximate amount of each type actually reaching Earth's surface. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram? A) All types of electromagnetic energy reach Earth's surface. B) Gamma rays and x-rays make up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy reaching Earth's surface. C) Visible light makes up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy reaching Earth's surface. D) Ultraviolet and infrared radiation make up the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy reaching Earth's surface.

2 8. Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth mainly by A) molecular collisions B) density currents C) electromagnetic waves D) red shifts 9. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A) half-life B) temperature C) wavelength D) wave velocity 10. Compared to the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation, the wavelength of infrared radiation is A) shorter B) longer C) the same 11. When electromagnetic energy travels from air into water, the waves are bent due to the density differences between the air and water. This bending is called A) reflection B) refraction C) scattering D) absorption 12. The diagram below shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum. 14. Which statement about electromagnetic energy is correct? A) Violet light has a longer wavelength than red light. B) X-rays have a longer wavelength than infrared waves. C) Radar waves have a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet rays. D) Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light. 15. Which source provides the most energy for atmospheric weather changes? A) radiation from the Sun B) radioactivity from the Earth's interior C) heat stored in ocean water D) heat stored in polar ice caps 16. Compared to the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation, the wavelength of infrared radiation is A) shorter B) longer C) the same 17. The map below shows four locations in a temperature field. The temperature of each location is given in degrees Celsius. Which form of electromagnetic energy shown on the diagram has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength? A) AM radio B) infrared rays C) red light D) gamma rays 13. Which is the major source of energy for most Earth processes? A) radioactive decay within the Earth's interior B) convection currents in the Earth's mantle C) radiation received from the Sun D) earthquakes along fault zones Heat energy will normally flow from A) A to B B) A to C C) B to D D) D to C 18. The greatest amount of energy would be gained by 1,000 grams of water when it changes from A) water vapor to liquid water B) liquid water to water vapor C) liquid water to ice D) ice to liquid water 19. Friction occurring at an interface always produces a A) transformation of energy B) form of pollution C) chemical change D) phase change

3 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams and graphs below. The diagrams show the general effect of the Earth's atmosphere on insolation from the Sun at middle latitudes during both clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions. The graph shows the percentage of insolation reflected by the Earth's surface at different latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere in winter. The radiation that passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface has the greatest intensity in the form of A) visible-light radiation B) infrared radiation C) ultraviolet radiation D) radio-wave radiation 21. Pieces of lead, copper, iron, and granite, each having a mass of 1 kilogram and a temperature of 100ºC, were removed from a container of boiling water and allowed to cool under identical conditions. Which piece most likely cooled to room temperature first? A) copper B) lead C) iron D) granite 22. Which statement best describes the pattern of energy flow in a closed system? A) Energy flows out of the system. B) Energy flow is cyclical, so that equilibrium is never reached. C) Energy flows from energy sinks to energy sources. D) Energy flows from energy sources to energy sinks. 23. The diagram below shows temperature values at various points in a solid piece of aluminum. Toward which point will heat flow from point P? A) A B) B C) C D) D 24. By which process is heat energy transferred when molecules within a substance collide? A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) sublimation

4 25. An ice cube is placed in a glass of water at room temperature. Which heat exchange occurs between the ice and the water within the first minute? A) The ice cube gains heat and the water loses heat. B) The ice cube loses heat and the water gains heat. C) Both the ice cube and the water gain heat. D) Both the ice cube and the water lose heat. 26. The cross section below shows two compartments of water of equal volume insulated by Styrofoam and separated by a metal dividing wall, forming a closed energy system. 30. The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that is being heated in a flame. The primary method of heat transfer in the solid iron bar is A) convection B) conduction C) absorption D) advection 31. On a day with no wind, the air temperature outside a house is 10ºC. The air temperature inside the house in 18ºC. Which diagram best represents the air circulation pattern that is most likely to occur when a window of the house is first opened? A) B) When the temperature of the water in compartment A decreases by 10 C, the temperature of the water in compartment B will A) remain unchanged B) decrease by only 5 C C) decrease by approximately 10 C D) increase by approximately 10 C 27. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by A) density differences B) molecular contact C) electromagnetic waves D) movement through a vacuum 28. During which process does heat transfer occur because of density differences? A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) reflection 29. Most of the electromagnetic energy radiated from Earth s surface is in the form of A) ultraviolet rays B) infrared rays C) gamma rays D) x rays C) D) 32. Which diagram best represents the direction of convection currents around the burning wood of a campfire? A) B) C) D)

5 33. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows the general movement of air within a portion of Earth s atmosphere located between 30 N and 30 S latitude. Numbers 1 and 2 represent different locations in the atmosphere. The air movement shown in the cross section is due to the process of A) condensation B) conduction C) evaporation D) convection 34. Which process produces the energy that allows the stars of the universe to radiate visible light? A) convection B) nuclear fusion C) insolation D) radioactive decay 35. Which process transfers energy primarily by electromagnetic waves? A) radiation B) evaporation C) conduction D) convection 36. During nighttime cooling, most of the energy radiated by Earth s oceans into space is A) ultraviolet rays B) gamma rays C) visible light rays D) infrared rays 37. Which action would help an air-conditioner use less energy on a hot, sunny summer day? A) opening draperies and blinds B) adding insulation in the walls and ceiling C) turning on lights and heat-producing appliances D) replacing light-colored roofing materials with dark-colored ones 38. How many joules are required to evaporate 1 gram of boiling water? A) 100 B) 334 C) 2260 D) During which phase change will the greatest amount of energy be absorbed by 1 gram of water? A) melting B) freezing C) evaporation D) condensation 40. What best explains why, in early spring, ice remains longer on Lake Erie than on the surrounding land areas when the air temperature is above freezing? A) Water has a higher specific heat than land. B) Energy is needed for water to evaporate. C) Cool winds from the surrounding land cool the ice on the lake. D) Air temperature does not affect water temperature. 41. During which process does water gain the most heat energy? A) condensation B) freezing C) evaporation D) melting 42. How many joules are required to evaporate 1 gram of boiling water? A) 4 B) 335 C) 2260 D) Which process requires water to gain 2260 Joules of energy per gram? A) vaporization B) condensation C) melting D) freezing 44. Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 Joules per gram? A) solid ice melting B) liquid water freezing C) liquid water vaporizing D) water vapor condensing

6 45. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents four stations, A, B, C, and D, in a laboratory investigation in which equal volumes of sand at the same starting temperature were heated by identical light sources. The light sources were the same distance from each station, but at different angles to the surfaces. Two thermometers were used at each station, one just above the surface and the other just below the surface. The lights were turned on for 30 minutes and then removed for the next 30 minutes. Temperatures were recorded each minute for the 60 minutes. Most of the energy from the light sources was transferred to the sand by the process of A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) transpiration 46. Liquid water can store more heat energy than an equal amount of any other naturally occurring substance because liquid water A) covers 71% of Earth s surface B) has its greatest density at 4 C C) has the higher specific heat D) can be changed into a solid or a gas 47. The same amount of heat energy is added to equal masses of lead, iron, basalt, and water at room temperature. Assuming no phase change takes place, which substance will have the smallest change in temperature? A) lead B) iron C) basalt D) water 48. What is the total number of energy required to melt 1 gram of ice at 0 C to liquid water at 0 C? A) 1 J B) 334 J C) 3340 J D) 2260 J 49. What is the total number of Joules of heat energy gained by 3 grams of water when it is heated from 40ºC to 60ºC? A) 12.5 B) 125 C) 251 D) Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which shows the results of a laboratory activity in which a sample of ice at 50 C was heated at a uniform rate for 80 minutes. The ice has a mass of 200 grams. What was the total amount of energy absorbed by the sample during the time between points B and C on the graph? A) 334 joules B) 9,124 joules C) 26,720 joules D) 66,800 joules

7 51. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the temperature increase of samples of water, granite, iron, and lead. Each sample has a mass of 100 grams. Each sample was placed an equal distance from a light bulb and heated for a 10-minute period. This investigation was performed at room temperature under ordinary classroom conditions. 55. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 10. grams of granite from 20.ºC to 30.ºC? A) 7.9 J B) 10 J C) 79 J D) 100 J Which statement best describes the amount of energy received by the samples? A) The water received the most energy. B) The lead received the most energy. C) The granite received the most energy. D) All samples received the same amount of energy. 52. How many Joules of heat energy would be required to melt a 5-gram piece of ice at 0ºC? A) 10.5 J B) 334 J C) 1670 J D) J 53. How many Joules of heat energy are required to raise the temperature of 6 grams of copper from 100C to 150C? A) 114 B) 228 C) 342 D) How many Joules of energy does 1.0 gram of water lose when it freezes? A) 4.18 J B) 2.11 J C) 334 J D) 2260 J