ACE-FTS observations of short-lived reactive species in the UTLS
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1 ACE-FTS observations of short-lived reactive species in the UTLS Mijeong Park 1, Bill Randel 1, Louisa Emmons 1, Shawn Honomichl 1, Peter Bernath 2, Kaley Walker 2, and Chris Boone 2 1 ACOM/NCAR and 2 ACE-FTS Science Team Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon March 7-10, 2016, NCAR Foothills Laboratory
2 Key Questions 1. Behavior of short-lived species in the UTLS region measured by ACE-FTS. - Influence of sources, convection and transport - Asian vs. North American monsoons 2. Comparison of ACE-FTS measurements with insitu measurements and global model outputs. How much can we believe ACE-FTS? 2
3 Asian summer monsoon 3. Transport 2. Convection 1. Emission [Park et al., 2009] 3
4 Asian vs. N. American monsoons MLS CO (Jul-Aug) 100 hpa ACE-FTS H 2 O (JJA) 16.5 km [Park et al., 2007] [Randel et al., 2012] Asia CO Asia H 2 O N. America (white contours convection) 4
5 OVOCs (Oxygenated VOCs) species sources sinks lifetimes CO BB, NMHCs OH 2 months CH 3 OH * HCOOH BB, Biogenic BB, Biog, NMHCs OH, dry/wet deposition 5-10 days 3-4 days H 2 CO BB, NMHCs OH < 2 days CH 3 OH (methanol) - the most abundant non-methane VOC - source of CO and H 2 CO - precursor of tropospheric O 3 5
6 ACE-FTSv3.5 ( ) Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is a high spectral resolution infrared Fourier transform spectrometer on SCISAT-1 ACE-FTS measures atmospheric absorption spectra ( cm -1 ) using solar occultation technique CO, HCN, C 2 H 6, C 2 H 2, CH 3 OH, HCOOH, H 2 O 2, H 2 CO, Latitude coverage (1 year) Tropical sampling during NH summer ~ Aug Aug
7 CO - Vertical Structures ACE-FTS CO averaged over Asia vs. N. America MLS CO (Jul-Aug) 100 hpa (Park et al., 2007) CO enhancement : km (Asian monsoon) Asia N. America 7
8 ACE-FTS Lon vs. Lat (JJA) short-lived species CH 3 OH 15.5 km HCOOH 14.5 km H 2 CO 12.5 km Max over Asian monsoon Enhancement over N. American monsoon 8
9 ACE-FTS - Average Profiles Asian vs. N. American Monsoons H 2 CO HCOOH CH 3 OH τ< 2 days τ = 3-4 days τ = 5-10 days CH 3 OH enhancement over N. America (10-12 km) Do we understand this? 9
10 CO vs. CH 3 OH (JJA) Asia - high CH 3 OH - high CO MLS CO (Jul-Aug) 100 hpa N. America - high CH 3 OH [Park et al., 2007] Asia (16.5 km) N. America (13.5 km) Color: latitude 40S-40N High CO/High CH 3 OH High CH 3 OH 10
11 Identifying Sources Biogenic Sources BB χ (ppbv) χ (ppbv) CO (ppbv) CO (ppbv) Δχ/ΔCO = 0.1 Δχ/ΔCO = CO no biogenic sources Large increase in χ CO large BB sources Linear correlation with χ (Example C 2 H 2 ) 11
12 CO vs. HCOOH (JJA) Asia (14.5 km) N. America (13.5 km) Δχ/ΔCO = 0.1 Δχ/ΔCO = High CO/High HCOOH (BB + transport) HCOOH enhancement ~ 13.5 km (similar to CH 3 OH) 12
13 CO vs. H 2 CO (JJA) Asia (13.5 km) N. America (12.5 km) High CO/High H 2 CO H 2 CO enhancement ~ 12.5 km (similar to CH 3 OH) 13
14 ACE-FTS vs. In-situ measurements NASA SEAC 4 RS (Aug-Sep 2013) DC-8 measurements DC-8 Flight Tracks N. America surface CH 3 OH (PTRMS) C 2 H 2 (WAS) Biogenic BB BB Color: pressure CH 14 3 OH has a large biogenic sources over N. America in summer
15 CO vs. CH 3 OH & C 2 H 2 SEAC 4 RS Upper Trop. (p < 400 hpa) SEAC 4 RS CH 3 OH SEAC 4 RS C 2 H 2 Biogenic BB Aug 2013 ACE-FTS Upper Trop. (13.5 km) JJA (N. Am) ACE-FTS CH 3 OH Biogenic ACE-FTS C 2 H 2 BB 15
16 CAM-chem simulations (Aug 2013) CAM-chem (Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry) component of the NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) and is used for simulations of global tropospheric and stratospheric composition [Lamarque et al., 2012] GEOS-5, resolution x 2.5, 56 levels FINN (v1.5) BB emission (1x1 km) [Wiedinmyer et al., 2011] Dry deposition and biogenic emissions [CLM] [Lamarque et al., 2012] 16
17 CAM-chem (Aug 2013) 150 hpa surface CAM-chem CO CAM-chem CO CO CAM-chem CH 3 OH CAM-chem CH 3 OH CH 3 OH Biogenic Emissions 17
18 CAM-chem vs. ACE-FTS 150 hpa km CAM-chem CO ACE-FTS CO CO CAM-chem CH 3 OH ACE-FTS CH 3 OH CH 3 OH weaker 18
19 ACE-FTS Zonal Mean (JJA) Black - all sources Red biogenic Green anthro Blue - BB N. America Emissions Jul-Aug ACE-FTS CH 3 OH Asia ACE-FTS CO Aug-Sep [Dufour et al., 2007] CH 3 OH Dominant biogenic emissions ( summer) 19
20 Asia vs. American Monsoons CH 3 OH/CO Ratio Asian Monsoon N. American Monsoon? [Park et al., 2008] 20
21 CAM-chem - Asia vs. American CH 3 OH/CO CAM-chem CH 3 OH Asia N. America weak HCOOH/CO CAM-chem HCOOH show near ~ 150 hpa ~ 150 hpa 21
22 Convective Signal in NH Winter? ACE-FTS climatology (DJF) ACE-FTS CO ACE-FTS CH 3 OH Lack of (SH) Max (biogenic sources + convection over Australia) 22
23 Convection over S. America CH 3 OH ACE-FTS CH 3 OH 14.5 km CO vs.ch 3 OH 14.5 km high high 40S-40N ACE-FTS CO high color: CH 3 OH high over S. America (convection + sources) 23
24 CO vs. CH 3 OH (Pacific, NH Winter) CONTRAST (Jan-Feb, 2014) [Pan et al., 2015] CONTRAST ACE-FTS CH 3 OH CH 3 OH Color: pressure Color: altitude ACE-FTS shows general agreement with CONTRAST (20S-20N, km ) 24
25 Summary 1. Short-lived species (HCOOH, H 2 O, CH 3 OH) measured by ACE-FTS show similar behavior with CO over the Asian monsoon region. 2. However, those species show relative enhancement over the N. American monsoon region, which is different from CO. 3. Different sources (e.g., biogenic) may contribute enhancement in CH 3 OH over N. America with possible link to local convection. 4. Comparison of ACE-FTS with in-situ measurements and CAM-chem simulations suggests positive outlook. 25
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