Northeastern United States Snowstorm of 9 February 2017
|
|
- Charleen Phillips
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Northeastern United States Snowstorm of 9 February 2017 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A strong shortwave produced a stripe of precipitation from the western Plains to East Coast on 8-9 February 2017 (Fig. 1). Most of the precipitation along and north of the track of the surface cyclone (Fig 2) fell as snow (Fig. 3). The highest snowfall totals were observed from northern New Jersey across Long Island and into New England. Though not shown, radar and lightning data showed an intense band of snow and a prolonged period of thunder-snow in the band from southern Maine into Massachusetts. Areas in this band received over 16 inches of snowfall. This storm system came on the heels of system which brought warm weather to much of the east and rain to the Mid-Atlantic region. The developing storm carved out a deep trough over the eastern United States and adjacent western Atlantic by 0000 UTC 10 February 2017 (Fig. 4f). The previous system had brought a surge of deep moisture into the eastern United States (Fig. 5c-d) and left a lingering area of above normal precipitable water in the Ohio Valley (Fig. 5e). Hints of the first surface cyclone are visible on the northern limbs of Figure 2a. The surface cyclone developed along the frontal boundary of the leading cyclone in the southern Plains and was over Arkansas at 1800 UTC 8 February (Fig. 2a). This surface system raced northwestward across the Mid-Atlantic region and rapidly deepened east of the Appalachian Mountains (Figs. 2b-e). The 850 hpa (Fig. 6) temperatures were well above normal over much of the eastern United States on 8 February. However, cold air and below normal 850 hpa temperature air accompanied the deepening upper level trough depicted in the 500 hpa fields (Fig. 4). Many areas which received heavy snow were experiencing unseasonably warm weather just hours before the arrival of snow. At 850 hpa (Fig. 7) a strong frontal circulation developed over central Pennsylvania around 0600 UTC 9 February (Fig. 7c) as a strong 850 hpa northeasterly jet developed. The u-wind anomalies in the 850 hpa jet were around -4 below normal over southern New England (Fig. 7d-e), in close proximity to where the heaviest snow was observed (Fig. 1). The NCEP 3km HRRR will be used to show how warm it was over much of the region before the onset of the precipitation and how fast the cold air came in to produce the snow and heavy snow. The rapidly developing cyclone east of the mountains, the surge of cold air, and the development of the strong easterly flow produced heavy snow in central Pennsylvania between approximately 0000 and 1200 UTC 9 February (Fig. 8a) and as the cyclone move off the coast, heavy snowfall was observed from Long Island into New England (Fig 8b). An examination of the observed
2 liquid equivalent precipitation (QPE not shown) implied most of the snow in western Pennsylvania fell before 1200 UTC and most of the snow fell after 1200 UTC in New England. Radar data showed a similar timing. This significant winter storm had a short predictability horizon with forecasts of deep cyclone and the snow potential having only 2-3 days of predictability. Forecasts of the cyclone and the QPF from the NCEP models are examined in the following section. Forecasts of precipitation type and precipitation transitions were critical but are not addressed here. 2. NCEP Forecast Guidance of i. The Global Ensemble forecast system (GEFS) The GEFS surface cyclone forecasts from 6 forecast cycles are shown in Figure 9. These data show no signal of the strong surface cyclone from forecasts produced at 1200 UTC 4 February The 5 February GEFS showed a potential cyclone development in the frontal trough (Fig. 9b) and successive GEFS runs showed a stronger and more defined surface cyclone (Fig. 9b-f). The GEFS 850 hpa winds and u-wind anomalies showed a similar evolution with a strong 850 hpa u-wind developing north of the cyclone with about 1.5 to 2 days of lead-time (Fig. 10). The GEFS QPF forecasts (Figs ) showed an increasing threat for over 12.5 mm of QPF as the forecast length decreased. The largest shift of the QPF shield to the northwest was observed between forecasts issued at 1200 UTC 4 to 5 February After 1200 UTC 5 February the probabilities of 12.5 mm or more QPF increased but the general region of the QPF remained relatively constant. The ensemble mean QPF showed in gradual increase in the QPF amounts. Note all forecasts had a 25 mm contour from 1 more ensemble members at all initialization times. However, in the mean the 25 mm contour did not appear until forecasts produced at 0000 UTC 8 February and as the forecast length decreased the 25 mm contour expanded to include portions of the higher terrain in southwestern Pennsylvania (Fig 12f). ii. The Global Forecast System (GFS) The GFS had predictability issues with the surface cyclone and the QPF shield were similar to those displayed by the GEFS and the focus here is on the QPF in the 2 key 12 forecast periods ending at 1200 UTC 9 and 0000 UTC 10 February We do not address the critical precipitation type issues which affected much of the region from southern Pennsylvania to Long Island and southern New England. But due to the warm air ahead of the system most locations started as rain.
3 The first 12 hour period (Fig. 13) that the GFS had the QPF axis in a similar area as the GEFS with an axis of 24 mm or more QPF from West Virginia to Long Island. It is unclear why the 0000 UTC 7 January forecasts were so dry relative to previous and latter forecasts. Relative to verification, most of these forecasts were too wet over southern Pennsylvania and Maryland. The second QPF (Fig. 14) window covered most of the heavy snowfall over LI and southern New England. The GFS forecasts had a swath of 12 to 24 mm of QPF over most of the affected region. Again the 0000 UTC 7 February forecast cycle showed a south and east shift to the QPF shield. The verifying 12 hour QPE for these two periods (Fig. 15) showed. The GFS was too wet in the first period over a large portion of southern Pennsylvania. The second 12 hour period had better QPF and a smaller error field (not shown). iii. The North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) The NAM is shown using forecasts produced within about 48 hours of the onset the QPF in western Pennsylvania. Again only the QPFs are shown here focused on the Mid-Atlantic snowfall and the heavy snow in southern New York and New England. The NAM forecasts for the first 12 hour period (Fig. 16) were similar to those produced by the GFS. The one significant difference was that the NAM had higher QPF values along the northern edge of the precipitation shield, which in this case provided useful guidance for the band of heavier snow to the north. The NAM forecasts for the second phase include the 0600 to 1200 UTC period to cover the QPF in New Jersey and Long Island slightly better (Fig. 17). These forecasts show the NAM had over 24 mm of QPF over the region. This was forecast to mainly be snow or rain to snow over some areas. iv. The High resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model The HRRR is used here to show that it too had too much QPF over portions of Pennsylvania (Fig. 18) and did not capture the relative QPE minimum observed. The HRRR is also useful in showing the issues related to the warm air which had to be displaced before the precipitation could change to snow. HRRR 00-hour 2m temperatures are shown in Figure 19. These data show that 2m temperatures were greater than 16C over Virginia and Maryland at 0500 UTC 8 February and
4 rose to over 18C during the day on 8 February. Cold air with 2m temperature below normal was present over New England B (blue shading) and cold air was observed moving in from the northwest between 1400 and 2000 UTC 8 February The cold air came in rapidly between 0000 and 1500 UTC on 9 February (Fig. 20). These 00-hour forecasts were quite similar to the forecast temperature changes in the HRRR and other models. Simulating the cold air though not shown, was handled quite well by most of the NCEP guidance. In addition to the 2m temperatures, the HRRR 850hPa temperatures showed the rapid intrusion of cold air at 850 hpa (Fig. 21). Many first cut precipitation type forecast use 850 hpa temperatures. From southern Pennsylvania to southern New England, the intrusion of sub-freezing air at 850 hpa preceded the onset of the QPF. 3. Summary A strong shortwave produced a stripe of precipitation from the western Plains to East Coast on 8-9 February This short wave interacted with pre-existing moisture and unseasonably warm along the East Coast. The result was rapid cyclogenesis and a rapid change over from rain to snow and ultimately from Pennsylvania, across New Jersey, southern New York and into New England for a significant snow storm. Over 12 inches of snow was observed in the mountains of central Pennsylvania, Long Island and portions of eastern New England. The 00-hour HRRR hourly analysis showed how rapidly the 850 hpa and 2m temperatures fell to below 0C as the precipitation shield blossomed and rapidly moved eastward. Snow fall was observed in areas where temperatures range from 16 to 20C only 12 hours before the onset of measureable snow fall. This rapidly developing and moving system was relatively well predicted by the NCEP model suite with about 2-3 days of lead-time. The GEFS was used to show forecasts in the 4-5 day range. These longer range forecast showed some indications of a storm system but it was not until 2-3 days prior to the event that a potentially significant winter storm began to emerge in these forecast. A single GFS run on the 7 February actually decreased the total QPF over the region. The event was separated into two twelve hour windows. The first window covered most of the period of heavy snow in central Pennsylvania and the latter covered the heavy snowfall over southern New York and New England. These data showed that the NCEP models over forecast the QPF over much of Pennsylvania and underestimated the QPF over north-central Pennsylvania. In fact the axis of higher observed QPE was well north of most of the NCEP forecast guidance. The NAM focused the higher QPF farther south but also had a more QPF farther north than the other NCEP forecast systems.
5 The over forecast QPF in southern Pennsylvania was present in the GEFS, GFS, NAM, and short-range HRRR forecasts. The mesoscale QPE minimum over portions of south and southcentral Pennsylvania (Fig. 1) was not forecast by the NCEP guidance. Though not shown, GOES water vapor imagery implied two mesoscale dry slots moved across this region which may have limited the QPE and thus snowfall totals. The significant winter storm of 9 February had a short predictability horizon with forecasts of deep cyclone and the snow potential having at best 1.5 to 3 days of predictability. It was an intense storm with many potential avenues of study. What caused the relative QPE minimum in south-central Pennsylvania? Why did the models fail to forecast this feature? And based on observations how unique or rare was the thunder snow over eastern Long Island and southeastern Massachusetts? 4. Acknowledgements
6 Figure 1. Total estimated precipitation (mm) for the period of 0000 UTC 8 to 0600 UTC 10 February Data was determined using the 6-hour Stage-IV QPE data set in grib format. Return to text.
7 Figure 2. GFS 00-hour forecasts of mean sea level pressure (hpa) in 6-hour increments from a) 1800 UTC 8 February through f) 0000 UTC 10 February Shading shows the standardized anomalies and isobars are every 4 hpa. Return to text.
8 Figure 3. National Snow Analysis data using 12-hour grib files to produce a two-day snow total in inches. There is like bad data in northwestern Connecticut. Return to text.
9 Figure 4. As in Figure 2 except for 500 hpa heights (m) and height anomalies (shading) in 24 hour increments from a) 0000 UTC 5 February through f) 0000 UTC 10 February Return to text.
10 Figure 5. As in Figure 4 except for the precipitable water (mm). Return to text.
11 Figure 6. As in Figure 5 except for 850 hpa temperatures (C ) in 6 hour increments from a) 0600 UTC 8 February through f) 1200 UTC 12 February Isotherms every 2C. Return to text.
12 Figure 7. As in Figure 6 except for 850 hpa winds and u-wind anomalies. Winds in ms-1. Return to text.
13 Figure 8. As in Figure 3 except for the 24 hour periods ending at a) 1200 UTC 9 and b) 1200 UTC 10 February Return to text.
14 Figure 9. NCEP GEFS forecasts of mean sea level pressure and pressure anomalies valid at 0600 UTC 9 February 2017 from GEFS forecast initialized at a) 1200 UTC 4 February, b) 1200 UTC 5 February, c) 1200 UTC 6 February, d) 1200 UTC 7 February, e) 0000 UTC 8 February, and a) 1200 UTC 8 February Return to text.
15 Figure 10. As in Figure 9 except for GEFS 850 hpa winds (ms-1) and u-wind anomalies valid at 1200 UTC 9 February Return to text.
16 Figure 11. As in Figure 9 except for the probability of 12.5 mm of QPF for the 24 hour period ending at 0000 UTC 10 February Shading is in percent, solid black contour is the mean 12.5 mm contour and the black dot is the location of State College where 6 to 7 inches of snow was observed. Return to text.
17 Figure 12. text. As in Figure 11 except for the ensemble mean QPF (shaded) and each member s 25 mm contour if forecast. Return to
18 Figure 13. NCEP GFS forecast total QPF for the period from UTC 9 February 2017 from 6 GFS runs initialized at a) 0000 UTC 6 February, b) 0000 UTC 7 February, c) 1200 UTC 7 February, d) 0000 UTC 8 February, e) 0600 UTC 8 February, and f) 1200 UTC 8 February Return to text.
19 Figure 14. As in Figure 12 except for the 12 hour period ending at 0000 UTC 10 February Return to text.
20 Figure 15. As in Figure 1 except for QPE totals for the 2 12 hour periods ending at a) 1200 UTC 9 and b) 0000 UTC 10 February Return to text.
21 Figure 16. As in Figure 13 except for the NCEP NAM 12 hour accumulated QPF ending at 1200 UTC 9 February from NAM forecasts initialized at a) 0000 UTC 7 February, b) 1200 UTC 7 February, c) 0000 UTC 8 February, d) 0600 UTC 8 February, e) 1200 UTC 8 February, and f) 1800 UTC 08 February. Return to text.
22 Figure 17. As in Figure 16 except for the 18 hour forecast window ending at 0000 UTC 10 February Unlike the GFS forecasts, this time frame was chosen to better cover the full period of rain and snow over New York and Long Island. Return to text.
23 Figure 18. As in Figure 16 except for HRRR forecasts of the QPF for the period of 0300 to 1200 UTC 9 February 2017 from forecasts produced at a) 2100, and b) 2300 UTC 8 February and c) 0000 UTC, d) UTC, e) 0200 UTC and f)0300 UTC 9 February Return to text.
24 Figure 19. Select HRRR 00-hour 2m temperature forecasts valid in 3-hour intervals at a) 0500 UTC through f) 2000 UTC 8 February Contours every 2C, shading as in the color bar. Return to text.
25 Figure 20. As in Figure 19 except for HRRR 00-hour forecasts valid every 3 hours from a) 0000 UTC through f) 1500 UTC 09 February Return to text.
26 Figure 21. As in Figure 20 except for HRRR 850 hpa temperatures. Return to text.
Minor Winter Flooding Event in northwestern Pennsylvania January 2017
1. Overview Minor Winter Flooding Event in northwestern Pennsylvania 12-13 January 2017 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A combination of snow melt, frozen ground, and areas
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Heavy rainfall of 23 November 2011 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803 Abstract:. A fast moving mid-tropospheric
More informationHeavy Rainfall Event of June 2013
Heavy Rainfall Event of 10-11 June 2013 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A 500 hpa short-wave moved over the eastern United States (Fig. 1) brought a surge of
More informationSnow, freezing rain, and shallow arctic Air 8-10 February 2015: NCEP HRRR success story
Snow, freezing rain, and shallow arctic Air 8-10 February 2015: NCEP HRRR success story By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A short-wave (Fig. 1) moved over the strong
More information09 December 2005 snow event by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
09 December 2005 snow event by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A winter storm produced heavy snow over a large portion of Pennsylvania on 8-9 December
More information2 July 2013 Flash Flood Event
2 July 2013 Flash Flood Event By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A retrograding 500 hpa cyclone and anticyclone (Fig. 1) set up deep southerly flow
More informationEastern United States Winter Storm of 1-2 February 2015-DRAFT Northeast Ground Hog Storm
Eastern United States Winter Storm of 1-2 February 2015-DRAFT Northeast Ground Hog Storm By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A major Winter Storm brought precipitation
More informationPre-Christmas Warm-up December 2013-Draft
Pre-Christmas Warm-up 21-23 December 2013-Draft By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A large ridge over the west-central Atlantic (Fig.1) and trough moving into eastern
More informationHeavy Rainfall and Flooding of 23 July 2009 By Richard H. Grumm And Ron Holmes National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Heavy Rainfall and Flooding of 23 July 2009 By Richard H. Grumm And Ron Holmes National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION Heavy rains fall over Pennsylvania and eastern New
More informationHistoric Eastern United States Winter Storm of January 2016: Record snow along the megalopolitan corridor 1. Introduction
Historic Eastern United States Winter Storm of 22-24 January 2016: Record snow along the megalopolitan corridor by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction An historic
More informationHeavy rains and precipitable water anomalies August 2010 By Richard H. Grumm And Jason Krekeler National Weather Service State College, PA 16803
Heavy rains and precipitable water anomalies 17-19 August 2010 By Richard H. Grumm And Jason Krekeler National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION Heavy rain fell over the Gulf States,
More informationMid Atlantic Heavy rainfall event 1. Overview 2. Methods and Data 3. Pattern
1. Overview Mid Atlantic Heavy rainfall event With an inertial gravity wave? By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service, State College, PA 16803 Contributions from the Albany MAP An unseasonably strong
More informationImpacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America
Impacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA Abstract: The mean 500 hpa flow over North America featured a trough over
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Heavy Rain 7-8 December 2011 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803 Abstract:. A mid-level short-wave
More informationIndiana County Flash Flood of 22 June 2017
Indiana County Flash Flood of 22 June 2017 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview Slow moving thunderstorms brought 3 to 4 inches of rainfall to Indiana County, PA during
More informationWinter Storm of 15 December 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Winter Storm of 15 December 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A complex winter storm brought snow, sleet, and freezing rain to central Pennsylvania.
More informationMid Atlantic Severe Event of 1 May 2017 Central Pennsylvania QLCS event By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service, State College, PA 16803
1. Overview Mid Atlantic Severe Event of 1 May 2017 Central Pennsylvania QLCS event By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service, State College, PA 16803 A strong upper-level wave (Fig.1) moving into a
More informationEarly May Cut-off low and Mid-Atlantic rains
Abstract: Early May Cut-off low and Mid-Atlantic rains By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A deep 500 hpa cutoff developed in the southern Plains on 3 May 2013. It produced a
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Abstract: West Coast Heavy Precipitation Event of January 2012 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803
More informationMid-West Heavy rains 18 April 2013
Abstract: Mid-West Heavy rains 18 April 2013 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA The relatively wet conditions during the first 16 days of April 2013 set the
More information1. INTRODUCTION. For brevity times are referred to in the format of 20/1800 for 20 August UTC. 3. RESULTS
Heavy rains and precipitable water anomalies 20-23 August 2010-Draft By Jason Krekeler And Richard Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION Heavy rain fell across the central
More informationSouthern United States Winter Storm of 28 January 2014-v1. High Impact Snow on Edge of Forecast Precipitation Shield
Southern United States Winter Storm of 28 January 2014-v1 High Impact Snow on Edge of Forecast Precipitation Shield by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 and 1. Introduction
More informationMemorial Day Weekend 2013: Snow and Cold
Abstract: Memorial Day Weekend 2013: Snow and Cold By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A slow moving 500 hpa low and associated unseasonably cold air in the lower troposphere
More informationEastern United States Ice Storm of December 2008 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803
Eastern United States Ice Storm of 11-12 December 2008 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A significant ice storm affected the eastern United States on
More informationWinter Storm of February 2008 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803
1. INTRODUCTION Winter Storm of 11-13 February 2008 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803 A potent winter storm brought snow, sleet, freezing rain, and rain to the
More informationSummary of November Central U.S. Winter Storm By Christopher Hedge
Summary of November 12-13 2010 Central U.S. Winter Storm By Christopher Hedge Event Overview The first significant snowfall of the 2010-2011 season affected portions of the plains and upper Mississippi
More informationThe Long-lived eastern US tornadic supercell of 20 July 2017
1. Overview The Long-lived eastern US tornadic supercell of 20 July 2017 By Richard H. Grumm and Elissa A Smith National Weather Service State College, PA A long lived supercell developed near the eastern
More informationEastern United States Anafrontal Snow 4-5 March 2015-Draft
Eastern United States Anafrontal Snow 4-5 March 2015-Draft By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A 500 hpa ridge over the western Atlantic (Fig. 1) and an approaching
More informationMid-Atlantic Ice Storm 4 March 2015
1. Overview Mid-Atlantic Ice Storm 4 March 2015 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A large 500 hpa ridge over the southern United States (Fig. 1a-e)) built into the Mid-Atlantic
More informationHurricane Harvey the Name says it all. by Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service office State College, PA
Hurricane Harvey the Name says it all by Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service office State College, PA 16803. 1. Overview Hurricane Harvey crossed the Texas coast (Fig. 1) as a category
More informationSouthern Heavy rain and floods of 8-10 March 2016 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803
Southern Heavy rain and floods of 8-10 March 2016 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction Heavy rains (Fig. 1) produced record flooding in northeastern Texas
More informationSevere Weather with a strong cold front: 2-3 April 2006 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Severe Weather with a strong cold front: 2-3 April 2006 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A strong cold front brought severe weather to much of
More informationThanksgiving Snow and Arctic Front 25 November 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16801
Thanksgiving Snow and Arctic Front 25 November 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16801 1. INTRODUCTION An approaching arctic front brought light snow to most of western
More informationMid-Atlantic Severe Weather Event of 23 June 2015
Mid-Atlantic Severe Weather Event of 23 June 2015 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A widespread severe weather event occurred in the eastern United States on 23
More informationThe Spring Storm of April 2007 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803
The Spring Storm of 13-16 April 2007 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A major spring storm struck the eastern United States from 13 through 16
More informationLow-end derecho of 19 August 2017
Low-end derecho of 19 August 2017 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A cluster of thunderstorms developed in eastern Ohio around 1800 UTC on 19
More informationEastern United States Wild Weather April 2014-Draft
1. Overview Eastern United States Wild Weather 27-30 April 2014-Draft Significant quantitative precipitation bust By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA and Joel Maruschak Over
More informationNew Zealand Heavy Rainfall and Floods
New Zealand Heavy Rainfall and Floods 1. Introduction Three days of heavy rainfall associated with a deep upper-level low (Fig. 1) brought flooding to portions of New Zealand (Fig. 2). The flooding was
More information1. INTRODUCTION * Figure 1. National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center (SPC) storm reports for December 1, 2006.
P1.14 FORECAST ISSUES RELATED TO THE UNPRECEDENTED SEVERE AND HIGH WIND EVENT OF DECEMBER 2006 by Greg A. DeVoir* and Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationSevere Weather Event of 13 July 2014
Severe Weather Event of 13 July 2014 By Richard H. Grumm and Elyse M. Colbert National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview Severe weather affected the eastern United States (Fig. 1) from northwestern
More information1. INTRODUCTION. In addition to the severe weather, the
Anomalous Low and its weather impacts 10-12 May 2008 By Richard Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA And Al Cope National Weather Service Office Mount Holly, NJ 1. INTRODUCTION An unusually
More informationThanksgiving Eve snow of November 2014
1. Overview Thanksgiving Eve snow of 26-27 November 2014 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA An early season east coast winter storm (ECWS: DeGaetano et al. 2002) brought snow
More informationThe southern express: Winter storm of January 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service
The southern express: Winter storm of 28-30 January 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service 1. INTRODUCTION A storm system of Pacific origin tracked across the southern United States from 27-31
More information1. INTRODUCTION. The super storm of March 1993 produced severe weather and tornadoes as it s trailing cold front pushed through Florida (Kocin eta 1l
1. INTRODUCTION Super Tuesday and awful Wednesday: the 5-6 February 2008 Severe Weather Outbreak By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA And Seth Binau National Weather Service,
More informationSouthern United States Heavy rain and flood event 6-8 April 2014
Southern United States Heavy rain and flood event 6-8 April 2014 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview Heavy rainfall (Fig. 1) affected the southern United States from
More informationA summary of the heat episodes of June 2017
A summary of the heat episodes of June 2017 By Richard H. Grumm and Elissa A. Smith National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview Over 1800 record high temperatures were set or tied during the
More informationEnsemble Forecasts of the Blizzard of January 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College Pennsylvania
Ensemble Forecasts of the Blizzard of 22-23 January 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College Pennsylvania 1. Introduction A fast moving upper-level disturbance produced a wide area
More information2. Methods and data. 1 NWS Reno, NV report circulated in the LA Times story maximum wind was observed at 0900 AM 8 January 2017.
The California Extreme Precipitation Event of 8-10 January 2017 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction A strong Pacific jet and a surge of
More informationFlooding and Severe weather of 27 June 2013
Flooding and Severe weather of 27 June 2013 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview Flooding and severe weather affected Pennsylvania on 27 June 2013 (Fig 1). The severe
More informationTropical Storm Hermine: Heavy rainfall in western Gulf By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Tropical Storm Hermine: Heavy rainfall in western Gulf By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION Tropical storm Hermine, the eighth named tropical system
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Abstract: Tropical Storm Debbie, standardized anomalies and heavy rainfall by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College
More informationNCEP Short-Range Ensemble forecasts of an historic rainfall event: The June 2006 East Coast Floods 1. INTRODUCTION
NCEP Short-Range Ensemble forecasts of an historic rainfall event: The 23-27 June 2006 East Coast Floods By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office, State College PA 16803 And Norman W. Junker
More informationThe Deep South snowfall of February 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office, State College, PA 16803
The Deep South snowfall of 11-13 February 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office, State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A surface cyclone tracked across Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico
More information5A.3 THE USE OF ENSEMBLE AND ANOMALY DATA TO ANTICIPATE EXTREME FLOOD EVENTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN U.S.
5A.3 THE USE OF ENSEMBLE AND ANOMALY DATA TO ANTICIPATE EXTREME FLOOD EVENTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN U.S. Neil A. Stuart(1), Richard H. Grumm(2), John Cannon(3), and Walt Drag(4) (1)NOAA/National Weather Service,
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Southern Express 18-19 February 2012: Probabilities, Potentials and uncertainty by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Historic Ohio Valley January Severe weather and Tornado Event by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803 and
More informationThe enduring Louisiana rain and flooding of August 2016 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803
1. Introduction The enduring Louisiana rain and flooding of August 2016 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 Historic flooding impacted Louisiana on 12-15 August 2016 (TWC
More informationIsolated severe weather and cold air damming 9 November 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16801
Isolated severe weather and cold air damming 9 November 2005 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16801 1. INTRODUCTION Two lines of convection moved over the State of
More informationEastern United States Winter Storm of February Dealing with Divergent Model and Ensemble Forecast Systems
Eastern United States Winter Storm of 12-14 February 2014 Dealing with Divergent Model and Ensemble Forecast Systems By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction
More informationOrographically enhanced heavy rainfall of 23 May 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Orographically enhanced heavy rainfall of 23 May 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION During the overnight hours and into the early morning of
More informationThis paper will document the pattern which produced the record rainfall of 30 September The goal is to show the pattern the
The Historic Synoptic-Hybrid rainfall event 30 September 2010 By Richard Grumm And Michael Kozar National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A slow moving north-south oriented frontal
More informationThe Severe Weather Event of 7 August 2013 By Richard H. Grumm and Bruce Budd National Weather Service State College, PA 1. INTRODUCTION and Overview
The Severe Weather Event of 7 August 2013 By Richard H. Grumm and Bruce Budd National Weather Service State College, PA 1. INTRODUCTION and Overview A fast moving short-wave (Fig. 1) with -1σ 500 hpa height
More informationHRRR and the Mid-Mississippi Valley Severe and Heavy rainfall event of October 2014
HRRR and the Mid-Mississippi Valley Severe and Heavy rainfall event of 13-14 October 2014 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA contributions by Charles Ross 1. Overview A deep
More informationWeather Briefing for Pennsylvania Feb Outlook Prepared 02/11/14 2 pm EST
Weather Briefing for Pennsylvania Feb. 12-13 Outlook Prepared 02/11/14 2 pm EST Prepared by: National Weather Service State College, PA (Peter.Jung@noaa.gov) Pennsylvania Weather Overview A significant
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events The southern Express: High Impact Spring Storm of 14-17 April 2011 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803
More informationThe Big Chill of November 2013
The Big Chill of November 2013 Value of anomalies for situational awareness By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA Trevor Alcott National Weather Service, Salt Lake City UT 1. Overview
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events New Zealand heavy rain and flood event-draft by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803 Abstract:. A record
More informationWarm Episode of December 2015:
Warm Episode of 11-16 December 2015: Record Warmth over Mid-Atlantic Region By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 1. Overview A strong 500 hpa ridge over the eastern United States
More informationSouthern Plains Heavy rain and Flooding
Abstract: Southern Plains Heavy rain and Flooding By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A severe weather event affected the southern Plains on 31 May 2013. The severe weather event
More informationConvective Heavy rainfall event of 23 July 2013
Convective Heavy rainfall event of 23 July 2013 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA Abstract: A record rain event affected southern Lebanon County on 23 July
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events Eastern United States Winter Storm and Severe Event of 28-29 February 2012 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College
More informationThe St Patrick s Snow Storm of March 2007 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803
The St Patrick s Snow Storm of 16-17 March 2007 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A complex March snowstorm struck the eastern United States on
More informationMesoscale Convective System and heat episode July 2005 by Richard H. Grumm and Mathew Steinbugl
Mesoscale Convective System and heat episode 25-27 July 2005 by Richard H. Grumm and Mathew Steinbugl 1. INTRODUCTION A strong upper-level ridge brought unseasonably high temperatures to the Midwest and
More informationWEATHER NOTIFICATION STATEMENT
WEATHER NOTIFICATION STATEMENT NEW DATA SHOWS SNOWSTORM THREAT FOR JAN 13-14 LOOKS MUCH HEAVIER BIGGER COVERAGE northwest NC (ice) ALL OF VA (Except Hampton Roads) all of MD/ DEL eastern southern PA southern
More informationSynoptic Meteorology II: Frontogenesis Examples Figure 1
Synoptic Meteorology II: Frontogenesis Examples The below images, taken from the 1200 UTC 17 January 2019 GFS forecast run, provide examples of the contributions of deformation and divergence to frontogenesis.
More information1. INTRODUCTION. March. Local time used in text to define dates. 1 Due to UTC time the went passed 0000 UTC 31
New England Record Maker Rain Event of 29-30 March 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Contributions by Frank Nocera National Weather Service Office Taunton, MA 1. INTRODUCTION The second
More informationJanuary 2006 Climate Summary
Ashley Brooks (765) 494-6574 Feb 9, 2006 http://www.iclimate.org January 1-3 January 2006 Climate Summary Unseasonably warm conditions welcomed in the New Year with highs in the 40s across the northern
More informationNational Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events
National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events The February Thaw 17-19 February 2011 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16803 Abstract: After a cold January
More information11B.1 INFLUENCE OF DIABATIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES UPON WARM CONVEYOR BELT FLOW. PART I: FEBRUARY 2003
INFLUENCE OF DIABATIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES UPON WARM CONVEYOR BELT FLOW. PART I: 14-15 FEBRUARY 2003 Philip N. Schumacher, NOAA/NWS, Sioux Falls, SD Joshua M. Boustead, NOAA/NWS, Valley, NE Martin
More informationMulti-day severe event of May 2013
Abstract: Multi-day severe event of 18-22 May 2013 By Richard H. Grumm and Charles Ross National Weather Service State College, PA A relatively slow moving Trough over the western United States and a ridge
More informationWarm Episode over Indian Sub-continent March 2010 By Richard Grumm National Weather Service State College Contributions by Lance Bosart SUNY Albany
Warm Episode over Indian Sub-continent March 2010 By Richard Grumm National Weather Service State College Contributions by Lance Bosart SUNY Albany 1. INTRODUCTION A massive subtropical ridge formed over
More informationCold frontal Rainband and Mid-Atlantic Severe Weather Event 28 September 2006 by Richard H. Grumm And Ron Holmes
Cold frontal Rainband and Mid-Atlantic Severe Weather Event 28 September 2006 by Richard H. Grumm And Ron Holmes 1. INTRODUCTION A strong cold front moved across central Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic
More information1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? A) B) C) D) 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument.
1. Which weather map symbol is associated with extremely low air pressure? 2. The diagram below represents a weather instrument. Which weather variable was this instrument designed to measure? A) air pressure
More informationRecord snow blankets the United Kingdom 5-6 January 2010
1. INTRODUCTION Record snow blankets the United Kingdom 5-6 January 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 A rare winter storm brought heavy snow the United Kingdom
More informationNWS-PSU Case Study Site 2010 Severe Weather Case
NWS-PSU Case Study Site 2010 Severe Weather Case New Years Eve Severe Weather Event of 31 December 2010 by Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College PA 16083 Abstract: A surge of warm humid
More informationThe enduring fog and low cloud episode of 5-10 December 2015: Big Bubble Fog Trouble
1. Overview The enduring fog and low cloud episode of 5-10 December 2015: Big Bubble Fog Trouble By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA An enduring low cloud and fog episode affected
More informationNew England Record Maker Rain Event of March 2010
National Weather Association, Electronic Journal of Operational Meteorology, 2011-EJ4 New England Record Maker Rain Event of 29-30 March 2010 RICHARD H. GRUMM National Weather Service, State College, PA
More informationHistoric Ellicott City Flood of 30 July Introduction
Historic Ellicott City Flood of 30 July 2016 by Richard H. Grumm and Norman W. Junker Satellite Contributions by Sheldon Kusselson National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction Intense
More informationThe Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer April 2, 2009 March 2009 Pennsylvania Weather Recap Prepared by Curt Harpster For the month of March the saying, In like a lion and out like a lamb really fit the pattern quite
More informationPatterns of Heavy rainfall in the Mid-Atlantic Region 1. INTRODUCTION
5A.2 Patterns of Heavy rainfall in the Mid-Atlantic Region by Richard H. Grumm * And Ron Holmes National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16802 1. INTRODUCTION The patterns associated with heavy
More informationEast Coast Heavy Rainfall of January 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service
1. INTRODUCTION A strong storm moved across the United States from 21 January through 25 January 2010 (Fig. 1). This storm produced record rainfall and snowfall in the western United States from 20-22
More informationThe Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer April 2, 2010 March 2010 Pennsylvania Weather Recap Prepared by: Katelyn Johnson March did come in as a lion cub this year. The 1 st proved to be a calm day; however most of Pennsylvania
More informationPoorly Forecast Winter Storm of 2-3 March 2014-draft
Poorly Forecast Winter Storm of 2-3 March 2014-draft Who would ve thought that non-linear chaotic systems are hard to predict : By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA 16803 1. Introduction
More informationThe Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer October 1, 2015 September 2015 - Pennsylvania Weather Recap By: Quinn Lease The month of September will be remembered for its above normal temperatures and dry conditions that
More informationEastern Derecho June 2013-Draft
Abstract: Eastern Derecho 12-13 June 2013-Draft Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 A strong mid-tropospheric short-wave coming over a sharp 500 hpa ridge produced
More informationJanuary 2008 Climate Summary
Joseph Mays (765) 494-6574 Feb 5, 2008 http://www.iclimate.org Summary January 2008 Climate Summary January was a mix bag of conditions, with an oscillatory pattern developing. We experienced phases of
More informationAnalysis of the December 26 th, 2004 North Carolina Winter Storm
1 Analysis of the December 26 th, 2004 North Carolina Winter Storm Bradley N. McLamb* *Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University MEA 443 Weather Analysis and
More informationMultiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997)
Multiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997) Matthew Potter, Lance Bosart, and Daniel Keyser Department of Atmospheric and Environmental
More informationDeep Cyclone and rapid moving severe weather event of 5-6 June 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803
Deep Cyclone and rapid moving severe weather event of 5-6 June 2010 By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. INTRODUCTION A rapidly deepening surface cyclone raced
More informationEnd of heat-event severe event of 7 July 2012
End of heat-event severe event of 7 July 2012 Richard H. Grumm And Elyse Colbert National Weather Service Office State College, PA 16803 1. Overview A widespread severe weather event affected Pennsylvania
More information