Example of time series in CINDY/DYNAMO

Transcription

1 Planned observation by R/V Mirai: in 2017/18 and in 2015 Masaki Katsumata (JAMSTEC) Kunio Yoneyama, Shuichi Mori (JAMSTEC) PIs of piggy-bag missions, incl. Yugo Kanaya (JAMSTEC) Mirai equips - C-band dual-pol. radar: pre-installed, brand-new new - radiosonde and CTD: enable 3- / 6- hourly obs. - piggy-bag instruments: Photo by Dr. Djamal Khelif from WP-3D during CINDY/DYNAMO YMC science and planning CCSR, Singapore / Jan.28-30, 2015

2 Example of time series in CINDY/DYNAMO TPW & Qr ( ) Radar echo coverage CTD Temp. (0-120m)

3 New & key equipment: C-band dual-polarized radar Schematic of dual-pol obs. Estimate of particle shape (H/V ratio) web of NOAA/NWS Web of NOAA/NWS Benefit(1): better estimate rainrate Benefit(2): hydrometer identification RR from Radar H-Only Dual-Pol wet snow graupel sfc disdrometer web of NIED, Japan Rowe and Houze (2014)

4 C-POL First Image : 1218Z on 06 Jun PPI (horizontal map) RHIs (vertical cross section) Z Katsumata (2014) (in Japanese) Mirai radar Reflectivity 1230UTC ZDR KDP Metop/AVHRR IR image 1156UTC

5 Intensive Observation off and on Sumatra by JAMSTEC in 2017/2018 Purpose: Study of precipitation mechanism off and on Sumatra, with focus on the relationship with 1) local atmospheric circulation associated with the Maritime Continent, 2) MJO, and 3) IOD (SST condition over the oceanic upwelling region). Period: Dec Jan 2018 Location: R/V MIRAI on station off Sumatra Land-based Site at Bengkulu Observations: R/V Mirai C-band Polarimetric Doppler radar, Radiosonde, Surface Meteorology, CTD + water sampling, LADCP, etc. Bengkulu X-band Polarimetric Doppler radar, Radiosonde, Surface Meteorology, etc. Remarks: Decision to the R/V Mirai cruise proposal is in pending. EAR is operated at Kototabang by Kyoto University. Additional obs will be done there. In conjunction this cruise, another oceanographic cruise as part of IIOE-2 will be carried out. Radar Radiosonde RAMA, TAO/TRITON EAR site Bengkulu Land-based site Mirai DEC Mean Rainfall (TRMM, )

6 R/V Mirai Pre-YMC Cruise in 2015 < Atmospheric Measurements > 1) C-band dual-pol. scanning Doppler Radar 2) Ka-band VP cloud radar 3) Radiosonde (3-hrly) 4) Surface Meteorology 5) Skin SST (Radiometer, Seasnake) 6) GPS water vapor 7) Disdrometer 8) Ceilometer 9) Mie / Raman Lidar 10) Videosonde (20-30 times) 11) Sky Radiometer 12) Solar Tracker & Telescope / Optical Spectrum Analyzer 13) MAX-DOAS (NO2, AOD) 14) High Volume Air Sampler & Gas Analyzers 11/05 lv Sekinehama 11/06 ar/lv Hachinohe 11/22 ar off Sumatra 12/18 lv off Sumatra 12/20 ar Jakarta < Oceanographic Measurements > 1) CTD (6- or 3-hrly) + water sampling (Nutrients, DO, Chl-a) + LADCP 2) Underway CTD (prior to on-station obs) 3) Ocean surface turbulence (6-hrly, TBD) 4) Shipboard ADCP 5) Sea Surface Monitoring (T, S, DO, Chl-a, etc.) < Others > 1) Sea Skater Sampling (10 times) Bengkulu On-board Personnel from JAMSTEC, JAXA, Indonesia (BPPT and/or BMKG), Univ. Tokyo, Univ. Toyama, Yamaguchi Univ., Kochi Univ.

7 Coastal heavy-rain system, migrating diurnally Mori et al. (2004) Rainfall TRMM/PR Schematics of diurnal migrationg precip. system Off Sumatra Diurnal migration of precipitation (Mori et al. MWR 2004)

8 2D schematics of observation in Nov. / Dec R/V Mirai Soundings Dual-pol. radar Oceanic profilers (CTD etc.) Piggy-bag instruments diurnal propagating cloud Videosonde/HYVIS radiosonde Air-sea interaction upwelling / ocean mixing Land-based site(s) (Details under discussion) Buoy(s) Oceanic profiles Surface Met

9 Candidate Position for Station Helps by Indonesian Agencies are essential to get permission Candidate vessel station: 50 km from coast (within radar range) + R=100km Candidate land-site: Benkulu

10 Aerosols: remote/in-situ obs. on R/V Mirai 1. Elucidate spatio-temporal variation & origins (Forest Fires/Industrial) 2. Identify Seeds of clouds/rain (Cloud Condensation Nuclei/ Ice Nuclei) parameters instruments Priority (tbc) AOD & its vertical profile Mie Lidar/ Skyradiometer/ MAX-DOAS Black carbon (BC) SP2 H Fluorescent bioaerosol particles Rainwater (BC, bioaerosol) CO (Pollution tracer), O 3, NO 2, etc. WIBS Sampling NDIR, UV abs, MAX-DOAS CN number density CPC M Particle size distribution OPC L Water soluble ions/metal Below cloud rain water sampling High-Vol air sampler H H H H L High eff. Nebulizer High BC concentrations: likely from Forest Fires MAX-DOAS Preliminary Black carbon obs. by SP2 (MR14-01/02, Jan/Feb 2014) Taketani, Miyakawa et al. In preparation Single-Particle characterization offline post-analysis bioaerosol In-situ analysis SP2 (black carbon) (also In-situ)

11 R/V Mirai Pre-YMC Cruise in 2015 < Atmospheric Measurements > 1) C-band dual-pol. scanning Doppler Radar 2) Ka-band VP cloud radar 3) Radiosonde (3-hrly) 4) Surface Meteorology 5) Skin SST (Radiometer, Seasnake) 6) GPS water vapor 7) Disdrometer 8) Ceilometer 9) Mie / Raman Lidar 10) Videosonde (20-30 times) 11) Sky Radiometer 12) Solar Tracker & Telescope / Optical Spectrum Analyzer 13) MAX-DOAS (NO2, AOD) 14) High Volume Air Sampler & Gas Analyzers 11/05 lv Sekinehama 11/06 ar/lv Hachinohe 11/22 ar off Sumatra 12/18 lv off Sumatra 12/20 ar Jakarta < Oceanographic Measurements > 1) CTD (6- or 3-hrly) + water sampling (Nutrients, DO, Chl-a) + LADCP 2) Underway CTD (prior to on-station obs) 3) Ocean surface turbulence (6-hrly, TBD) 4) Shipboard ADCP 5) Sea Surface Monitoring (T, S, DO, Chl-a, etc.) < Others > 1) Sea Skater Sampling (10 times) Bengkulu On-board Personnel from JAMSTEC, JAXA, Indonesia (BPPT and/or BMKG), Univ. Tokyo, Univ. Toyama, Yamaguchi Univ., Kochi Univ.

12 Overview of YMC (Years of Maritime Continent)

13 Planned observation on R/V MIRAI in Nov. / Dec aerosol Rain / Cloud Wind Temp. aerosol gas HYVIS / Videosonde Ceilometer C-band Scanning Dual-Pol. Radar VP cloud radar Radiosonde GPS for TPW VP Mie Disdrometer Lidar w / Raman Obs. Vapor Surface Met. Ocean CTDO + LADCP Water Sampling (Sal, DO, Nuts, etc.) Micro Structure Profiler XCTD / UCTD Shipboard ADCP Surface ISAR SSST Sea Snake SSST Surface Water (T/S/DO)

14 Experimental instruments / platforms Wave Glider New shallow-profiling float 定点観測期間に試験機材の展開 回収作業を実施 展開 回収のタイミングは未定 機材状況等により 緊急に作業を行うこともあり得る

15 Aerosols: remote/in-situ obs. on R/V Mirai 1. Elucidate spatio-temporal variation & origins (Forest Fires/Industrial) 2. Identify Seeds of clouds/rain (Cloud Condensation Nuclei/ Ice Nuclei) parameters instruments Priority (tbc) AOD & its vertical profile Mie Lidar/ Skyradiometer/ MAX-DOAS Black carbon (BC) SP2 H Fluorescent bioaerosol particles Rainwater (BC, bioaerosol) CO (Pollution tracer), O 3, NO 2, etc. WIBS Sampling NDIR, UV abs, MAX-DOAS CN number density CPC M Particle size distribution OPC L Water soluble ions/metal Below cloud rain water sampling High-Vol air sampler H H H H L High eff. Nebulizer High BC concentrations: likely from Forest Fires MAX-DOAS Preliminary Black carbon obs. by SP2 (MR14-01/02, Jan/Feb 2014) Taketani, Miyakawa et al. In preparation Single-Particle characterization offline post-analysis bioaerosol In-situ analysis SP2 (black carbon) (also In-situ)

16 Measurements of Airborne and Waterborne Particles over Coastal Sea of MC Convection over Coastal Sea of MC Below cloud Black carbon Sea-salt Biological Airborne (in-situ) Total aerosols as seeds of cloud droplets Single-Particle airborne measurements Single-Particle Soot Photometer (H) Waveband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (H) Land breeze Rain water (anthropogenic?) sampling Waterborne (post-analysis) CCN-active aerosols List of instruments parameters instrument Priority (tbc) Rain water collection High-efficiency Aerosolization Device AOD and its profile Mie Lidar/ Skyradiometer/ MAX-DOAS Black carbon (BC) SP2 H Fluorescent bioaerosol particles WIBS CO (Pollution tracer), O3 NDIR, UV abs H Impurity in Rainwater (for BC, bioaerosol) Sampling Water soluble ions/metal HV air sampler L CN number density CPC M H H H

17 Overview of YMC (Years of Maritime Continent)

18 Expected special observation in Nov/Dec 2015 GPM-Core C-band dual-pol. Radar 4D structure of precip. system JAXA Ka-band radar (on R/V Mirai) vertical structure of Rain Targetting land, coastal and oceanic rain and their transition by ship- and land-based instruments Videosonde/HYVIS (with Yamaguchi Univ.) in-situ microphysics Radiosonde ambient P/T/RH/Wind X-band dual-pol. Radar 4D structure of precip. System R/V Mirai Land-based site RAMA buoy Far-field met./ocean status CTD/LADCP oceanic mixed layer Wave Glider + T-Chain SfcMet / Ocean Skin Temp.

19 Focused 1-D Processes and Mirai Supersite Free atmosphere Radiosonde (PTU, wind) Lidar (Vapor) GPS (Vapor) Atmos. mixed layer Radiosonde (PTU, wind) Lider (aerosol, vapor) Aesorol measurements Wind Profiler (wind)? Clouds and Precipitation Dual-pol radar (3D, hydrometer & wind) VP radars (detail 2D, rain & cloud) Lidar (cloud & aerosol)) Videosonde (microphysics) HEAT / MOMENTUM FLUX Oceanic mixed layer CTD / UCTD (TS) ADCP / LADCP (UV(W)) TurboMAP (e) CTD Wave Glider (TS, 0-10m)

20 Katsumata (JAMSTEC): Concept to link Mirai and other platforms Fundaments: Focusing atmos-ocean-land interaction via precipitating system Designing observation for observation-based process study (not just a supplement of, or just a validation of, numerical models) Enabling by limited resources for observations Concept: Simplifying the target process --> focusing 2D (x-z) processes, extend 3D (x-y-z) if possible Select target area to allow approximating 2D process Long (near-) straight coastline Hopefully N-S direction (orthogonal to prevailing zonal wind in tropics) Align platforms on the line orthogonal to coastline Including following unresolved target and their interactions: Nature and variation of diurnal signal Migrating precipitating system Oceanic surface (mixed) layer Processes in atmospheric / oceanic boundary (mixed/surface) layer Cloud microphysics and aerosols Coastal upwelling

21 Sciences and Operations of R/V Mirai MR15-04 Cruise

22 Basic Target: Coastal Heavy-Rain System Ogino et al. (2013) Annual Rain (TRMM) Annual Rainfall, distance from coast Cumulative Areal Rain Rain (mm/year) 海岸線を中心に鋭いピーク海岸線 ±300km Cumulated rainfall (%) 3000mm 以上は沿岸域のみ : 物理的意味? Distance from coastline (km) 年間降水量 (mm)

23 Coastal Heavy-Rain System: Diurnal cycle and migration Mori et al. (2004) Rainfall TRMM/PR Schematics of diurnal migrationg precip. system Off Sumatra Diurnal migration of precipitation (Mori et al. MWR 2004)

24 Intraseasonal Modulation of diurnal cycle Fujita et al. (2011) MJO 対流活発期直前に日変化が強化

25 Oceanic Variations Monthly Averaged SST Nov 海洋日変化の強弱と降水雲の日変化パターンが連動 Bellenger et al. (2010) Dec Eko, private comm. 海面付近の日変化雨による冷却 大気からの影響 月はスマトラ近傍の湧昇の衰退期 IOD の衰退期でもある Katsumata et al. (2014)

26 Schematics of observation in 2D cross section during Stationary Observation Period ビデオゾンデ /HYVIS 微物理構造 偏波レーダー降水雲の構造 RAMA ブイ網海洋構造 背景場 湧昇 ラジオゾンデ大気環境場の構造 CTD/ 採水分析 /LADCP 海洋混合層成層構造 Wave Glider + T-Chain 海洋極表層構造

27 Candidate Position for Station インドネシア EEZ 外の場合 (5S95E ブイ近傍?) Benkulu から 50km Benkulu ( 想定中の陸上サイト ) 5S RAMA ブイ 95E インドネシア EEZ