ERS SAR DATA APPLICATION USE FOR STUDYING SEA ICE PARAMETERS AND RETRIEVING OF GREENLAND SEALS MIGRATION
|
|
- Mercy Potter
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ERS SAR DATA APPLICATION USE FOR STUDYING SEA ICE PARAMETERS AND RETRIEVING OF GREENLAND SEALS MIGRATION Vladimir V. Melentyev (1), Lasse H. Pettersson (2), Vladimir I. Chernook (3) (1) Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Korpousnaya Str. 18, St. Petersburg, , Russia (2) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Edv. Griegsv. 3A, Bergen, N-5059, Norway (3) Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO) Knippovich Str. 18, Murmansk, , Russia INTRODUCTION Airborne observations of the ocean in IR and visible range became now an indispensable part of fish industry. An application of satellite data to studying the number of population of sea mammals has been attractive for biologists for a long period. However, the practical use of satellite information to study the behavior of sea mammals was restrained by its small spatial resolution. Additional limits were connected with the daytime illumination and cloud influence in Arctic. After the launching ERS synthetic aperture radar, which provides the all-weather sounding and fine spatial resolution, the situation has changed [1-3]. The vitality of this study is confirmed by the fact, that satellite radar information is the main and sometimes the only source for sea ice and other objects studies in the Polar region. Using ERS SAR signatures of the ice as non-biotic factor of ecology of Pagophillus groenladicus and others seals is a new approach in marine biology [2, 3]. The White Sea as Barents and Pechora Seas are the inhabited areas of harp seals and the first experience of this kind of SAR application study was received by NERSC/NIERSC and PINRO in February-March 1997, when under-satellite observations of seas migration were organized onboard nuclear icebreaker Taymir [1,2]. The continuation of this study was done in winter seasons in the framework of national and international fund, including A Project. Aircraft PINRO Antonov-26 and helicopter were used to carry out under-satellite experiments. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Studing and classification of radar signatures of different environmental objects (open water, sea and brackish-water ice, snow cover, coastal zones and water catchment) Monitoring of water masses arrangement, assessment of water catchment influence (including climatic aspect) Studying of ice dynamics and Barents-White Sea water exchange (ice drift as tracer of weather conditions and winter hydrology) Retrieving of ice parameters and harp seals migration study (ice as non-biotic factor of the White Sea population of Greenland seals) METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS, INSTRUMENTS AND DATA BASE In frame of this study more than 30 ERS SAR and RADARSAT images are used, part of them is received in near-real time. The composite ice maps based on SAR and other information were prepared. Archive SSMI daily scenes were available also. Separate scenes of visual and infrared satellite data for cloudless surveys were used.
2 The thematic decoding of satellite information was done with using airborne and in situ data. As it has been proved the position and displacement of ice massif that is selected by seals for whelping patches can fixed by SAR accurately [2-3]. Ice edge position was determined by using visual and passive microwave data (NOAA/DMSP) also. Possibilities of contouring of ice cover extension, dividing of fast ice and pack ice zones in the White Sea are the large advantages of ERS SAR surveys. It improves the organizing of the airborne reconnaissance of mammals essentially because harp seals avoid the fast ice zone for whelping. Comprehensive analysis of SAR and airborne data fixed that signature of floes that are selected by seals for whelping has contrast with the surrounding ice areas. The elicited fact is used as methodological approach for the thematic decoding of SAR data and for retrieving of the migration features. Short-period scenes are used for ice drift assessment. Long-term SAR series are used for determination of a connection between whelping patches location and annual modification of hydrological features, weather conditions and ice dynamic in central and southern parts of the White Sea (so-called Basin and Neck ). Specific decoding indicators (radar signatures) of ice cover at the regions of mass congestion of sea mammals are retrieved from SAR satellite data and verified by aircraft and in situ observations. The aim was to reveal the contrasts of signatures of saline and brackish water ice. Variation of salinity of ice at different parts and gulfs of the White Sea, formation of level lubricious ice zones, regional features of snow parameters, arrangement of fractures and other opening in the ice are studied from point of view of the formation of different solidity of floes. ERS SAR signatures for the areas of mass congestion of seals are compared with pack ice zones that are avoided by seals as unfit (or uncomfortable) for whelping. The weather conditions which were studied in frame of this Project are characterizing the years with the different severity: 1998/99-winter at the north-north-western part of Russia was severe, 1999/2000 anomaly warm. Ice drift and migration tendency at the different weather and ice conditions was detected with using SAR series. As was fixed by ERS data those hard frosts in 1998/99-winter season resulted in ice covering practically whole water area of the White Sea at the first stage of whelping (end of Februarybeginning of March). Another parameters retrieved from satellite SAR are the total and partial concentration of ice. Thematic decoding of SAR demonstrated that floe size as very important feature of ice for selecting of rookeries can be evaluated from SAR also. Small floes ( m diameter) as ice cake and small ice cake zones has the bright contract. Harp seals avoided these. SAR data fixed compactness of pack ice in spring 1999 was extremely close creating the problems to mammals to penetrate deep into massif. This implies mammals need select for whelping the ice floes along the outward edges of the Basin, using the recurring cracks and opening in the ice here. The important stage of this study was detecting of ice drift vectors. Ice dynamics retrieved by SAR allow determining that adverse N/NE winds blocked up pack ice (and harp seals) inside the Basin till the end of April 99. According to [4], enclosing of the direction of traditional migration to the Barents Sea should provide destruction number of population (pups especially). Ecological catastrophe and following mass death of the White Sea population of Greenland seals as result of difficult environment and hostile ice conditions in 1999 was confirmed by marine biologists afterwards. Mass loss number of pup was fixed in March-April by helicopter. The research vessel NWPI met adults in summer season in unusual regions. Opportunity to predict by SAR the ecological catastrophe is the achievement of this information. 1999/2000 winter was anomaly warm in Russia, similar situations happened eight times at the 120- years period of meteorological observations in RF. February and March monthly averaged air temperatures in Arkhangelsk exceeded the norm + 4 and + 3 o C, correspondingly. According to in situ data, thin ice sufficient for organizing of whelping rookeries began forming at the third decade of February only, when air temperatures at the region fall several times till 40 o C. As result, ice-free conditions dominated at the main part of the White Sea in March-April. At this situation to find the rookeries without satellite data especially difficult. Determination by SAR ice floes convenient for whelping and monitor the tendency of ice drifts were the another tasks of this study. Field experiments 99 were organized at the Neck, Dvina and Mezen Bays (March-April), at Dvina Bay and Solovky Archipelago (June), at the Neck, Dvina, Chekh, Pechora and Khaypudirskaya Bays (September-October). 16 ERS SAR images were ordered and used in 1999 in frame A Field campaign 2000 was organized at the Neck, Dvina and Mezen Bay. It was studied also the incoming stream of Barents Sea waters along the Kola Peninsula (Murmansky Coast). 4 ERS SAR images were used in 2000 in frame A ERS SAR extra-images were ordered by PINRO. These images were received in near real time, it were verified and used as the principal document for ice patrol and reconnaissance of whelping patches. 4 test-flights were done in March. Visual and IR airborne data are used for computation number of population. Multi-spectral information allows
3 avoiding the influence of daytime (shadows) and weather conditions (false heat targets), helps increasing accuracy in the count the harp seals (including taxation of adults and pups, separately). ICE PARAMETERS AND HARP SEALS MIGRATION FEATURES RETRIEVED BY ERS SAR Fig March 1999 ERS SAR data (2 scenes) 4 March ERS SAR data analysis (4 scenes) in connection with the initial stage of whelping Fig. 1. Area observed: White Sea (Dvina Bay, northeastern part of Basin, Neck ) and water catchment area (Onegsky, Zimny and Tersky Coasts). As SAR data fixes weather and ice conditions were favorable for whelping rookeries organizing at the end of February-beginning of March 99; when large part of fast ice zone at Dvina Bay was broken by eastern winds and displaced westward. Thin first-year (FY) ice dominated at the observed area. Eastern winds opened Dvina Bay and considerable part of Neck close to the Zimny Coast. Wind and Zimnegorsky stable current fractured ice cover along the outward borders of «Basin». Ice floes more suitable for whelping were located close to northeastern part of Basin. Such type of ice (thicker and fresher level ice area) has the dark signatures. Compacted ice edge (bright signature) restricted this area to mammals. According to SAR, ice situation became especially friendly for seals 2-4 March, when winds turned to the south. Southern winds were strong. Ice massif was pressurized additionally, additional braking of ice happened, including giant floes. These winds opened the fractures between eastern border of Neck and fast ice zone displaced from the western part of Dvina Bay. Southern winds which blown from mainland were cold and polynya at the Neck and Dvina Bay that was covered by new ice (slush) became frozen. Southern winds retrieved from SAR were propitious for ice drift toward to the Barents Sea and favorable for migration of mammals to the North. The general conclusion: 4 March 1999 harp seals should be located along to outward borders of «Basin» and at the southern part of the Neck.
4 Fig March 1999 ERS SAR image (1 scene) 17 March ERS SAR data analysis (4 scenes) in connection with the first stage of whelping Fig. 2. Area observed: White Sea (Mezen Bay, northeastern part of the «Neck», northwestern «entrance» to the sea) and surrounding regions (Kanin, Zimny and Abramov Coasts, Barents Sea). SAR fixes great number showings unsatisfactory conditions for seal migration. On our conclusion, vast dark frozen polynya close to the Kanin Coast was opened by NE winds 7-10 days ago. At the time of SAR survey it was covered by level gray-white ice. It means that this opening happened idem date. It means also that anti-cyclone with northward winds prevailed here whole mentioned period. As result of domination of this type of atmospheric circulation, sea mammals were closed in the White Sea. 17 March 99 SAR marked continuation of unfavorable conditions: ice drift southward could be marked as bright white traces behind the floes. Ice concentration evaluated as 9-10 tenths; thin fragmented FY ice dominated at the observed area. Giant ice floes was thin ice transient into medium. N/NE winds that blown at the time of SAR observations has the speed of 7-8 m/s. It ruffled the small water area at the Mezen Bay (as at the observed part of the Barents Sea). Freezing of the fractures happened at the different parts of sea. ERS SAR fixed this phenomenon as brightening of signal. It means that air temperatures should be evaluated minus o C. Zimniberezny stable current trace was pressed to the eastern part of Neck. Manifestation of this ice was marked as consecution of dark and gray zone elongated from SE to NW. The general conclusion: 17 March 1999 sea mammals still located at the southern part of «Neck». 20 March ERS SAR data analysis (4 scenes) in connection with the last stage of whelping Fig. 3. Fig March 1999 ERS SAR image (1 scene)
5 Area observed: the White Sea (Mezen Bay, the «Neck» and «Funnel») and surrounding regions (Murmansky, Tersky and Zimny Coasts). As SAR data fixes weather and ice conditions continued to be extremely unfavorable for harp seals migration to the Barents Sea. N/NE winds continued to blow and hindered the ice drift to the Barents Sea. Ice concentration should be evaluated as 9-10 tenths; thin FY ice is dominated. Winds at the time of SAR observations were so strong that even giant ice floes was broken. Polynya along the Kanin Peninsula was broken also. Several separate ice floes at the SW border of mentioned above polynya were recognized and marked at 17 and 20 March SAR scenes. It used for the assessment of the wind speed and direction. For example, the floe that had coordinates of 67 o 10 N/42 o E changed the position to 67 o N/41 o 50 E. It means that ice drift was directed to the SSW. As can be retrieved from SAR, these winds stimulated additionally the opposite ice drifts at the whole water area from the «Funnel» to the «Neck» and far to the «Basin». The distance of 3-days drift was 25-30km. Ice drift to the south disturbed the migration features and continued to «close» the mammals inside the southern part of the observed area. Ice braking and fracturing resulted in the loss of rookeries, heavy casualties of pups. Air temperatures should be evaluated as minus o C, and following freezing of fractures is predicted. SAR detects opening in the ice and rafting processes as manifestations of tide. The general conclusion: regions of mass accumulation of seals were located 20 March 1999 at the central and southern parts of «Neck». Ice conditions that were reconstructed by SAR allow to suppose the opportunity of mass lost of harp seals at the second decade of March, and forecast the reducing of population and ecological catastrophe of the White Sea population of harp seals in April ERS SAR data analysis (4 scenes) in connection with the final stage of harp seals migration within the bounds of White Sea Fig. 4. Area observed: the White Sea («Funnel», Mezen Bay, northern part of «Neck») and surrounding regions (Kanin, Abramov and Zimny Coasts). 5 April is the date outside of the time of harp seals whelping migration within the White Sea traditionally. At this time the most part of White Sea became ice-free ice commonly, and ice floes with the one-month from birth generation reach to the southern limits of Barents Sea and mammals-reproducers complete the moulting in general. As SAR data fixes ice conditions were extremely unfavorable for seals at the end of March beginning of April Almost whole-observed area was covered by ice, ice concentration should be evaluated as close to 10 tenths and freezing processes continued. NE winds that blow at the time of SAR observations is weak (2-3 m/s) and ice thickness development is evident from SAR data. Fast-ice zone was formed along the Kanin Coast (gray/gray-white ice). Ice began covering polynyas along the Tersky Coast; even the entrance of the Barents Sea waters nearby Cape Svyatoy Nos became frozen (dark nilas). That means air temperatures should be evaluated as minus 20 o C. Different types of first-year ice are determined, but thin and thin transient into medium FY ice dominated at the whole observed water area. Ice cover got very fragmented, not numerous large floes keep only along the main stream of Zimnegorsky stable current (dark signatures). Analysis of radar signatures of river and lake ice demonstrates that the melting processes didn t start at the White Sea region at first decade of April 99. N/NE winds that prevailed in March-April 99 hardly disturbed all features of harp seals migration; the Fig April 1999 ERS SAR image (1 scene)
6 Fig March 2000 ERS SAR image (1 scene) direction and duration of each stage of seals migration was changed by hostile environment, mammals were «closed» inside the White Sea. The general conclusion: 5 April 1999 harp seals are still closed at the different parts of the White Sea, sea mammals lost the possibility to reach Barents region that was the main goal of pups migration. Mass destruction of mammals and reducing of population, ecological catastrophe of harp seals in 1999 is evident from the ice conditions retrieved by satellite radar. This conclusion was confirmed at the time of field experiments that were organized at the White Sea region by PINRO/NWRI in following spring summer seasons. 20 March ERS SAR data analysis (2 scenes) in connection with inter-annual variability of seals migration tendency Fig. 5. Area observed: the White Sea («Funnel», Mezen Bay, N/NE parts of «Neck») and surrounding regions (Zimny, Tersky and Abramov Coasts). Comprehensive analysis of satellite and in situ data demonstrates that ice conditions in 1999/2000- winter season were unfavorable for whelping at first but the strong frosts at the third decade of February saved the situation. Fig. 5 (as 13, 17 March 2000 SAR data) fixes the large contrast of ice conditions for the period under review with the previous 1998/99 winter: partial ice covering with thin FY ice domination. According to SAR, ice parameters at the end of winter 2000 were quite suitable for whelping in White Sea. But at the time of SAR survey the situation wind was strong, it changed the direction from S/SE to the west. As result, the ice massif that was located along the Tersky Coast and pressed by S/SE winds, it began to move eastward. This situation got unfavorable for passive drift of Fig. 6. Scheme of aircraft PINRO Antonov-26 harp seals reconnaissance, White Sea, 19 March 2000
7 Fig. 7 a,b. Ice zones convenient (a) and inconvenient (b) for whelping rookeries, that has the contrast of SAR signatures (dark and bright white area, correspondingly). Airborne photo survey, White Sea, 19 March 2000 ice to the Barents Sea for a certain time. The general conclusion: at the second decade of March 2000 mass rookeries of seals should be located close to the Tersky Coast. In frame of the concerned SAR scene, this area is fixed at the left lower corner of scene. It is marked as sufficiently long elongated dark zone nearby Sosnovka settlement. Harp seals mass accumulation area was separated from the another relatively thick ice zone along the ice edge at the Neck by incoming flux of Barents Sea s stable current. The additional brightening of ice area close to centrum of Neck arised from the windy effects, discharging of ice and roughness of water surface in fractures. SAR validation program at the White Sea and surrounding waters was organized onboard aircraft PINRO Antonov-26. Multi-spectral (visual and IR) survey of ice cover parameters and harp seal was done 13, 15, 18 and 19 March Fig. 6 demonstrates the results of under-satellite ice observations and taxation number of population and migration tendency 19 March SAR prediction of rookery location was confirmed by airborne ice patrol. Airborne observations confirmed our conclusion about the contrast of signatures ice areas of mass rookeries and zones that are avoided by seals. The first is the level thick brackish water ice originated from relatively desalinated water masses, the second - composed of ice cake and small floes is unfit for seals (Figure 7 a, b). These types of ice have the dark and white signature, correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS ERS SAR data comprehensive analysis was done, radar signatures of ice at the different stages of harp seal migration in the White Sea were studied. It is proved that arrangement of the whelping rookeries of the Greenland seals close related on certain types of water masses, types and forms of drifting ice. Combine analysis of satellite, airborne and in situ data confirmed that SAR can be applied as instrument for seals migration monitor with using ice as non-biotic factor. Combine use of satellite and airborne data allows establish a connection the number of population with atmospheric circulation and ice type arrangement. Was concluded that ice conditions at White Sea in March-April 1999 were unfavorable for seals migration from the White to the Barents Sea. Ice floes that were used by sea mammals for the reproducing of posterity «were closed» at the «Basin» and south part of the «Neck». As result, reduction the number of population and following ecological catastrophe was predicted with using SAR. Airborne control surveys confirmed this forecast.
8 Seasonal and annual modification of ice parameters were retrieved. Ice regime features and harp seals migration tendency in the White Sea in 1999/2000-winter season are studied by SAR and verified in frame of field campaign. The perspectives of harp seals monitor in Arctic are connected with ENVISAT. Spaceborne SAR in combination with airborne survey is more prospective instrument for being made world-wide service of sea mammals tomorrow. As our preliminary study show, satellite SAR can be used for control of the migration features for other representatives of seals in Arctic (including Jan-Majen and Newfoundland population of Greenland seals, and hooded seals also). ACNOWLEGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Dr Kjell T. Nielsen from Norvegian Institute of Fishery and Aquaculture (Tromse, Norway) for helpful discussion the perspectives of SAR application use in marine biology and studying the seals migration at the different marginal seas in Arctic by SAR. We thank the people from ERS Help and Order Desk and Dr. Andrea Bellini personally for their supplying of the operational use of SAR data. This work is supported by ESA, 20 ERS SAR images of the White Sea and region were obtained in frame A Project. REFERENCES [1] O.M. Johannessen, S. Sandven, L.H. Pettersson, M. Miles, V.V. Melentyev, L.P. Bobylev. Northern Sea Route Ice Monitoring by Satellite Radar Data, Proc. of the 16 th Int. Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. H. Yamagushi Eds. Book No. HO 1083, pp. 9-17, [2] V.I. Chernook, O.M. Johannessen, V.V. Melentyev. Connection between Distribution of Harp Seals and Ice Cover Parameters Determined Using ERS-2 SAR Imagery, Proc. of the ICES/NAFO Workshop on Survey Methodology for Harp and Hooded Seals. Copenhagen, , pp , [3] V.V. Melentyev, V.I. Chernook, O.M. Johannessen Analysis of Ice Dynamics of Arctic Seas for Research of the Harp Seals Migration in the White Sea Using Satellite Data, Earth Obs. Rem. Sens. No. 5, pp , 1998 (in Russian). [4] Hydrometeorology and hydrochemy of the Seas of USSR. Vol. 2 The White Sea. 273p., 1991 (in Russian).
ICE DRIFT IN THE FRAM STRAIT FROM ENVISAT ASAR DATA
ICE DRIFT IN THE FRAM STRAIT FROM ENVISAT ASAR DATA Stein Sandven (1), Kjell Kloster (1), and Knut F. Dagestad (1) (1) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Thormøhlensgte 47, N-5006
More informationSea Ice Characteristics and Operational Conditions for Ships Working in the Eastern Zone of the NSR
The Arctic 2030 Project: Feasibility and Reliability of Shipping on the Northern Sea Route and Modeling of an Arctic Marine Transportation & Logistics System 3-rd. Industry Seminar: Sea-Ice & Operational
More informationRemote sensing of sea ice
Remote sensing of sea ice Ice concentration/extent Age/type Drift Melting Thickness Christian Haas Remote Sensing Methods Passive: senses shortwave (visible), thermal (infrared) or microwave radiation
More informationMonitoring Sea Ice with Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar
Monitoring Sea Ice with Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Torbjørn Eltoft UiT- the Arctic University of Norway CIRFA A Centre for Research-based Innovation cirfa.uit.no Sea ice & climate Some basic
More informationCanadian Ice Service
Canadian Ice Service Key Points and Details concerning the 2009 Arctic Minimum Summer Sea Ice Extent October 1 st, 2009 http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca 1 Key Points of Interest Arctic-wide The Arctic-wide minimum
More informationAPPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1
APPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1 1 By David B. Fissel, Mar Martínez de Saavedra Álvarez, and Randy C. Kerr, ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. (Feb. 2012) West Greenland Seismic
More informationSpectral Albedos. a: dry snow. b: wet new snow. c: melting old snow. a: cold MY ice. b: melting MY ice. d: frozen pond. c: melting FY white ice
Spectral Albedos a: dry snow b: wet new snow a: cold MY ice c: melting old snow b: melting MY ice d: frozen pond c: melting FY white ice d: melting FY blue ice e: early MY pond e: ageing ponds Extinction
More informationDetection, tracking and study of polar lows from satellites Leonid P. Bobylev
Detection, tracking and study of polar lows from satellites Leonid P. Bobylev Nansen Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia Nansen Centre, Bergen, Norway Polar lows and their general characteristics International
More informationIce surveys, meteorological and oceanographic data What is available and up-to-date?
Ice surveys, meteorological and oceanographic data What is available and up-to-date? Leader of the Norwegian Ice Service +47 77 62 13 15 - nick.hughes@met.no Norwegian Meteorological Institute met.no 1
More informationRegional Sea Ice Outlook for Greenland Sea and Barents Sea - based on data until the end of May 2013
Regional Sea Ice Outlook for Greenland Sea and Barents Sea - based on data until the end of May 2013 Sebastian Gerland 1*, Max König 1, Angelika H.H. Renner 1, Gunnar Spreen 1, Nick Hughes 2, and Olga
More informationA Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project
A Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project Ken Drinkwater Institute of Marine Research Bergen, Norway ken.drinkwater@imr.no ESSAS has several formally recognized national research
More informationREPORT OF JOINT RUSSIAN/NORWEGIAN AERIAL SURVEYS IN THE BARENTS SEA IN SEPTEMBER 2001
T E P O R T IE R 2002 E IN JO R I S I M R / PI NRO S REPORT OF JOINT RUSSIAN/NORWEGIAN AERIAL SURVEYS IN THE BARENTS SEA IN SEPTEMBER 2001 Institute of Marine Research - IMR Polar Research Institute of
More informationIce Observations on the Churchill River using Satellite Imagery
CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment 15 th Workshop on River Ice St. John s, Newfoundland and Labrador, June 15-17, 2009 Ice Observations on the Churchill River using Satellite Imagery
More informationVIDEO/LASER HELICOPTER SENSOR TO COLLECT PACK ICE PROPERTIES FOR VALIDATION OF RADARSAT SAR BACKSCATTER VALUES
VIDEO/LASER HELICOPTER SENSOR TO COLLECT PACK ICE PROPERTIES FOR VALIDATION OF RADARSAT SAR BACKSCATTER VALUES S.J. Prinsenberg 1, I.K. Peterson 1 and L. Lalumiere 2 1 Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
More informationCombined processing of IR and MW radiometric data in the ice reconnaissance during the survey for the harp seal puppy grounds in the White sea
Combined processing of IR and MW radiometric data in the ice reconnaissance during the survey for the harp seal puppy grounds in the White sea V.A.Tereshchenko Laboratory of the Remote Sensing, Knipovich
More informationSea Ice Monitoring in the European Arctic Seas Using a Multi-Sensor Approach
Sea Ice Monitoring in the European Arctic Seas Using a Multi-Sensor Approach Stein Sandven Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway Abstract. Advances in satellite remote sensing
More informationBugs in JRA-55 snow depth analysis
14 December 2015 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological Agency Bugs in JRA-55 snow depth analysis Bugs were recently found in the snow depth analysis (i.e., the snow depth data generation process)
More informationWave processes in Arctic Seas, observed from TerraSAR-X
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Wave processes in Arctic Seas, observed from TerraSAR-X Susanne Lehner DLR German Air and Space Research Center Earth Observation
More informationStudying snow cover in European Russia with the use of remote sensing methods
40 Remote Sensing and GIS for Hydrology and Water Resources (IAHS Publ. 368, 2015) (Proceedings RSHS14 and ICGRHWE14, Guangzhou, China, August 2014). Studying snow cover in European Russia with the use
More informationProduced by Canadian Ice Service of. 2 December Seasonal Outlook Gulf of St Lawrence and East Newfoundland Waters Winter
Environment Canada Environnement Canada Produced by Canadian Ice Service of Environment Canada 2 December 2010 Seasonal Outlook Gulf of St Lawrence and East Newfoundland Waters Winter 2010-2011 2010 Canadian
More informationThe weather in Iceland 2012
The Icelandic Meteorological Office Climate summary 2012 published 9.1.2013 The weather in Iceland 2012 Climate summary Sunset in Reykjavík 24th April 2012 at 21:42. View towards west from the balcony
More informationPrepared by the North American Ice Service. 4 December Seasonal Outlook Great Lakes Winter
Prepared by the North American Ice Service A collaboration of the Canadian Ice Service and the National/Naval Ice Center 4 December 2008 Seasonal Outlook Great Lakes Winter 2008-2009 - 1 - Table of contents
More informationSerial No. N4470 NAFO SCR Doc. 01/83 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING SEPTEMBER 2001
NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N7 NAFO SCR Doc. /8 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING SEPTEMBER Sea-surface Temperature and Water
More informationICES Journal of Marine Science
ICES Journal of Marine Science ICES Journal of Marine Science (2012), 69(5), 833 840. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss075 Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000 2009 Vladimir D. Boitsov,
More informationChapter outline. Reference 12/13/2016
Chapter 2. observation CC EST 5103 Climate Change Science Rezaul Karim Environmental Science & Technology Jessore University of science & Technology Chapter outline Temperature in the instrumental record
More informationNorth Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Last updated: September 2008
North Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov Last updated: September 2008 Summary. The North Pacific atmosphere-ocean system from fall 2007
More informationICEBERGS IN THE BARENTS SEA
ICEBERGS IN THE BARENTS SEA Mapping ice and snow conditions in the Barents Sea, part-report 1 Icebergs Leif J Dalsgaard, Petroleum Safety Authority Norway Tore Syversen, Sintef Mars Goals Achieve better
More informationCHAPTER IV THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCEANOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY
CHAPTER IV THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCEANOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY THE relationship between oceanography and meteorology is of an order different from that between it and geology or biology, because meteorologic
More informationWorld Geography Chapter 3
World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse
More informationChanging Marine Access in the Arctic Ocean: The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Panama Canal Authority 11 January 2005
Changing Marine Access in the Arctic Ocean: The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Panama Canal Authority 11 January 2005 Lawson Brigham Deputy Director, U.S. Arctic Research Commission ACIA Contributing
More informationFloating Ice: Progress in Addressing Science Goals
Polar Floating Ice: Progress in Addressing Science Goals Stephen Howell 1, Leif Toudal Pedersen 2 and Roberto Saldo 3 1 Environment Canada, Climate Research Division, Toronto, Canada 2 Danish Meteorological
More informationTwo Concerns for Managers of Polar Bear Populations in the Near Future
Two Concerns for Managers of Polar Bear Populations in the Near Future Presentation to the Polar Bear Range States Meeting 24-26 October, 2011 Ian Stirling, PhD, FRSC on behalf of the IUCN Polar Bear Specialist
More informationGulf of Mexico Early Season Preview 2018 PROMISING FISHING CONDITIONS IN GULF OF MEXICO
Gulf of Mexico Early Season Preview 2018 PROMISING FISHING CONDITIONS IN GULF OF MEXICO By Daniel C. Westhaver and Matthew A. Upton Introduction As in previous years, ROFFS is providing an early spring
More informationMODELLING THE EVOLUTION OF DRAFT DISTRIBUTION IN THE SEA ICE PACK OF THE BEAUFORT SEA
Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 6th IAHR International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New Zealand, nd 6th December International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research MODELLING THE EVOLUTION
More informationFreeze-Up Studies of the Alaskan Beaufort and Chukchi Seas: through Coastal Frontiers Corporation Vaudrey & Associates, Inc.
Freeze-Up Studies of the Alaskan Beaufort and Chukchi Seas: 2009-10 through 2015-16 Coastal Frontiers Corporation Vaudrey & Associates, Inc. Joint-Industry Sponsors U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau
More informationKnowledge-based sea ice classification by polarimetric SAR
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 17, 217 Knowledge-based sea ice classification by polarimetric SAR Skriver, Henning; Dierking, Wolfgang Published in: IEEE International Geoscience Remote Sensing Symposium,
More informationRegional Outlook for the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Contribution to the 2018 Sea Ice Outlook
Regional Outlook for the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas Contribution to the 2018 Sea Ice Outlook 25 July 2018 Matthew Druckenmiller (National Snow and Ice Data Center, Univ. Colorado Boulder) & Hajo Eicken
More informationClimatic Conditions Around Greenland 1995
NAFO Sci. Coun. Studies, 27: 39 47 Climatic Conditions Around Greenland 1995 M. Stein Institut fur Seefischerei, Palmaille 9 D-22767 Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany Abstract The annual review of variability
More informationIntegrated Space Applications in Transport, Energy & Safety Oil & Gas Exploration
Exploration & Production Technology delivering breakthrough solutions Integrated Space Applications in Transport, Energy & Safety Oil & Gas Exploration Dr Colin Grant Engineering Technical Authority, Metocean
More informationPlan for operational nowcasting system implementation in Pulkovo airport (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Plan for operational nowcasting system implementation in Pulkovo airport (St. Petersburg, Russia) Pulkovo airport (St. Petersburg, Russia) is one of the biggest airports in the Russian Federation (150
More informationNorth Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Last updated: August 2009
North Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov Last updated: August 2009 Summary. The North Pacific atmosphere-ocean system from fall 2008 through
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE AND REGIONAL HYDROLOGY ACROSS THE NORTHEAST US: Evidence of Changes, Model Projections, and Remote Sensing Approaches
CLIMATE CHANGE AND REGIONAL HYDROLOGY ACROSS THE NORTHEAST US: Evidence of Changes, Model Projections, and Remote Sensing Approaches Michael A. Rawlins Dept of Geosciences University of Massachusetts OUTLINE
More informationPolar Lows and other High Latitude Weather Systems. John Turner and Tom Bracegirdle British Antarctic Survey Cambridge, UK
Polar Lows and other High Latitude Weather Systems John Turner and Tom Bracegirdle British Antarctic Survey Cambridge, UK A mosaic of infra-red satellite imagery of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean on
More informationNASA Images of Antarctica and the Arctic covered in both land and sea ice
ICE SHELVES ACTIVITY 1: DECODING THE ROLE OF ANTARCTIC ICE IN GLOBAL CLIMATE Ice Shelves play a critical role in Antarctica, serving as a buffer between the ocean and the continental ice sheet covering
More informationThe Importance of Microwave Remote Sensing for Operational Sea Ice Services And Challenges
The Importance of Microwave Remote Sensing for Operational Sea Ice Services And Challenges Wolfgang Dierking January 2015 (1) Why is microwave remote sensing important (=useful) for sea ice mapping? Problems
More information2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW
2015: A YEAR IN REVIEW F.S. ANSLOW 1 INTRODUCTION Recently, three of the major centres for global climate monitoring determined with high confidence that 2015 was the warmest year on record, globally.
More informationSPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE CIRCULATION AND WAVE CLIMATE USING HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR
SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE CIRCULATION AND WAVE CLIMATE USING HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR Apisit Kongprom,Siriluk Prukpitikul, Varatip Buakaew, Watchara Kesdech, and Teerawat Suwanlertcharoen Geo-Informatics
More informationIce Phenomena on the Lower Vistula
Geophysica (2011), 47(1 2), 57 67 Ice Phenomena on the Lower Vistula Wojciech Majewski Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, 61 Podleśna str. 01-673 Warsaw, Poland (Received: June 2010; Accepted:
More informationEarly May Cut-off low and Mid-Atlantic rains
Abstract: Early May Cut-off low and Mid-Atlantic rains By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA A deep 500 hpa cutoff developed in the southern Plains on 3 May 2013. It produced a
More informationForecasting Polar Lows. Gunnar Noer The Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Tromsø
Forecasting Polar Lows Gunnar Noer The Norwegian Meteorological Institute in Tromsø Longyearbyen Hopen Bear Island Jan Mayen Tromsø Gunnar Noer Senior forecaster / developer for polar meteorology The Norwegian
More informationOCEAN SURFACE DRIFT BY WAVELET TRACKING USING ERS-2 AND ENVISAT SAR IMAGES
OCEAN SURFACE DRIFT BY WAVELET TRACKING USING ERS-2 AND ENVISAT SAR IMAGES Antony K. Liu, Yunhe Zhao Ocean Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Ming-Kuang Hsu Northern
More informationEC-PORS III Research. Sodankylä, February Developing a Polar Prediction System
EC-PORS III Research Sodankylä, February 2012 Developing a Polar Prediction System Polar Prediction System - Status 1. EC-PORS I (Oct. 2009) -> initial discussions 2. WWRP/THORPEX Polar Prediction Workshop,
More informationModeling the Columbia River Plume on the Oregon Shelf during Summer Upwelling. 2 Model
Modeling the Columbia River Plume on the Oregon Shelf during Summer Upwelling D. P. Fulton August 15, 2007 Abstract The effects of the Columbia River plume on circulation on the Oregon shelf are analyzed
More informationThe Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer April 2, 2010 March 2010 Pennsylvania Weather Recap Prepared by: Katelyn Johnson March did come in as a lion cub this year. The 1 st proved to be a calm day; however most of Pennsylvania
More informationValidation of sea ice concentration in the myocean Arctic Monitoring and Forecasting Centre 1
Note No. 12/2010 oceanography, remote sensing Oslo, August 9, 2010 Validation of sea ice concentration in the myocean Arctic Monitoring and Forecasting Centre 1 Arne Melsom 1 This document contains hyperlinks
More informationMarine Situational Awareness and Environmental Monitoring using Satellites
1 The Ny-ålesund Symposium 2013 The Changing Arctic Opportunity or Threat Marine Situational Awareness and Environmental Monitoring using Satellites Rolf Skatteboe President, Kongsberg Satellite Services
More informationSouthern Florida to Cape Hatteras Spring Season Preview 2018 UPDATE ON U.S. EAST COAST GULF STREAM CONDITIONS
Southern Florida to Cape Hatteras Spring Season Preview 2018 UPDATE ON U.S. EAST COAST GULF STREAM CONDITIONS By ROFFS Gregory J. Gawlikowski ROFFS continues its spring preview series by providing an overall
More informationTHIN ICE AREA EXTRACTION IN THE SEASONAL SEA ICE ZONES OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING MODIS DATA
THIN ICE AREA EXTRACTION IN THE SEASONAL SEA ICE ZONES OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING MODIS DATA K. Hayashi 1, K. Naoki 1, K. Cho 1 *, 1 Tokai University, 2-28-4, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
More informationEQ: Discuss main geographic landforms of the U.S. & Canada and examine varied landforms in relation to their lifestyles.
EQ: Discuss main geographic landforms of the U.S. & Canada and examine varied landforms in relation to their lifestyles. Places & Terms for Discussion Appalachian Mountains Great Plains Canadian Shield
More informationExtreme, transient Moisture Transport in the high-latitude North Atlantic sector and Impacts on Sea-ice concentration:
AR conference, June 26, 2018 Extreme, transient Moisture Transport in the high-latitude North Atlantic sector and Impacts on Sea-ice concentration: associated Dynamics, including Weather Regimes & RWB
More informationSAWS: Met-Ocean Data & Infrastructure in Support of Industry, Research & Public Good. South Africa-Norway Science Week, 2016
SAWS: Met-Ocean Data & Infrastructure in Support of Industry, Research & Public Good South Africa-Norway Science Week, 2016 Marc de Vos, November 2016 South Africa: Context http://learn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/e
More informationDeke Arndt, Chief, Climate Monitoring Branch, NOAA s National Climatic Data Center
Thomas R. Karl, L.H.D., Director, NOAA s National Climatic Data Center, and Chair of the Subcommittee on Global Change Research Peter Thorne, PhD, Senior Scientist, Cooperative Institute for Climate and
More informationImage 1: Earth from space
Image 1: Earth from space Credit: NASA Spacecraft: Apollo 17 Sensor: camera using visible light Image date: December 7, 1972 This image is a photograph of Earth taken by Harrison "Jack" Schmitt, an astronaut
More informationIce and Ocean Mooring Data Statistics from Barrow Strait, the Central Section of the NW Passage in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Ice and Ocean Mooring Data Statistics from Barrow Strait, the Central Section of the NW Passage in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Simon Prinsenberg and Roger Pettipas Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
More informationFigure 1: Two schematic views of the global overturning circulation. The Southern Ocean plays two key roles in the global overturning: (1) the
Figure 1: Two schematic views of the global overturning circulation. The Southern Ocean plays two key roles in the global overturning: (1) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current connects the ocean basins, establishing
More informationArctic sea ice falls below 4 million square kilometers
SOURCE : http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/ Arctic sea ice falls below 4 million square kilometers September 5, 2012 The National Snow and Ice Data Center : Advancing knowledge of Earth's frozen regions
More informationWinter. Here s what a weak La Nina usually brings to the nation with tempseraures:
2017-2018 Winter Time again for my annual Winter Weather Outlook. Here's just a small part of the items I considered this year and how I think they will play out with our winter of 2017-2018. El Nino /
More informationAIRBORNE EM SEA-ICE THICHNESS PROFILING OVER BRACKISH BALTIC SEA WATER
17th International Symposium on Ice Saint Petersburg, Russia, 21-25 June 2004 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research AIRBORNE EM SEA-ICE THICHNESS PROFILING OVER BRACKISH BALTIC
More informationNorthwest Outlook October 2016
Northwest Outlook October 2016 Rainfall Opportunities and Challenges Rainfall over the month of September presented some challenges for the fall harvest while other producers benefitted. Figure 1a shows
More informationAccelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L01703, doi:10.1029/2007gl031972, 2008 Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover Josefino C. Comiso, 1 Claire L. Parkinson, 1 Robert
More informationApplication of Wavelet Spectrum Analysis to Oil Spill Detection by Using Satellite Observation Data
PAJ Oil Spill Symposium 2008 Application of Wavelet Spectrum Analysis to Oil Spill Detection by Using Satellite Observation Data February 21, 2008 Tokyo, Japan Masanao Hara Dr., VisionTech Inc. 1. Background
More informationPlease be ready for today by:
Please be ready for today by: 1. HW out for a stamp 2. Paper and pencil/pen for notes 3. Be ready to discuss what you know about El Nino after you view the video clip What is El Nino? El Nino Basics El
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation
Global Atmospheric Circulation Polar Climatology & Climate Variability Lecture 11 Nov. 22, 2010 Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation The Polar Vortex
More informationSeasonal Summary Eastern Canada Winter By The
Seasonal Summary Eastern Canada Winter 2017-2018 By The Summary for the East Coast The winter 2017-2018 ice season was marked by two separate phases in ice growth and destruction, which often is not a
More informationPolar Portal Season Report 2016
Polar Portal Season Report 2016 Less ice both on land and at sea This year s report is the fourth since the Polar Portal was launched, and as an introduction, we have chosen to take a look at the trends
More informationImpacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America
Impacts of the April 2013 Mean trough over central North America By Richard H. Grumm National Weather Service State College, PA Abstract: The mean 500 hpa flow over North America featured a trough over
More informationArctic Regional Ocean Observing System Arctic ROOS Report from 2012
Arctic Regional Ocean Observing System Arctic ROOS Report from 2012 By Stein Sandven Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (www.arctic-roos.org) Focus in 2012 1. Arctic Marine Forecasting Center
More informationInvestigation of Arctic ice cover variance using XX century historical ice charts information and last decades microwave data
Investigation of Arctic ice cover variance using XX century historical ice charts information and last decades microwave data Vasily Smolyanitsky, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute & JCOMM Expert
More informationSNOW DEPTH AND SURFACE CONDITIONS OF AUSTFONNA ICE CAP (SVALBARD) USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND SATELLITE ALTIMETRY
SNOW DEPTH AND SURFACE CONDITIONS OF AUSTFONNA ICE CAP (SVALBARD) USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND SATELLITE ALTIMETRY Alexei Kouraev (1,2), Benoît Legrésy (1), Frédérique Rémy (1), Andrea Taurisano (3,4),
More informationLand Surface: Snow Emanuel Dutra
Land Surface: Snow Emanuel Dutra emanuel.dutra@ecmwf.int Slide 1 Parameterizations training course 2015, Land-surface: Snow ECMWF Outline Snow in the climate system, an overview: Observations; Modeling;
More informationThe known requirements for Arctic climate services
The known requirements for Arctic climate services based on findings described in STT White paper 8/2015 Johanna Ekman / EC PHORS STT Regional drivers The Arctic region is home to almost four million people
More informationOur climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.
CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with
More informationRemote sensing with FAAM to evaluate model performance
Remote sensing with FAAM to evaluate model performance YOPP-UK Workshop Chawn Harlow, Exeter 10 November 2015 Contents This presentation covers the following areas Introduce myself Focus of radiation research
More informationCanadian Space Agency Update. STG 3 ESRIN, Frascati May 5-6, 2008 Yves Crevier
Canadian Space Agency Update STG 3 ESRIN, Frascati May 5-6, 2008 Yves Crevier Role of CSA in IPY Ensure the use of Space Technologies in IPY Science initiatives Guarantee fluid and continued availability
More informationVariations of atmospheric electric field and meteorological parameters in Kamchatka in
Variations of atmospheric electric field and meteorological parameters in Kamchatka in 1997-2016 Sergey Smirnov 1, 1 Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, Paratunka, Russia
More informationSummary of November Central U.S. Winter Storm By Christopher Hedge
Summary of November 12-13 2010 Central U.S. Winter Storm By Christopher Hedge Event Overview The first significant snowfall of the 2010-2011 season affected portions of the plains and upper Mississippi
More informationClaim: Arctic, antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming REBUTTAL
Claim: Arctic, antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming REBUTTAL Satellite and surface temperature records and sea surface temperatures show that both the East Antarctic Ice
More informationTemperature and salinity fluctuations in the Norwegian Sea in relation to wind
ICES Annual Science Conference 1999 Theme session L: Nordic Seas Exchanges ICES C.M. 19991L:03 Temperature and salinity fluctuations in the Norwegian Sea in relation to wind by Kjell Arne Mork and Lars
More informationWEATHER. rain. thunder. The explosive sound of air as it is heated by lightning.
WEATHER rain thunder The explosive sound of air as it is heated by lightning. rainbow lightning hurricane They are intense storms with swirling winds up to 150 miles per hour. tornado cold front warm front
More informationClimate Outlook through 2100 South Florida Ecological Services Office Vero Beach, FL September 9, 2014
Climate Outlook through 2100 South Florida Ecological Services Office Vero Beach, FL September 9, 2014 Short Term Drought Map: Short-term (
More informationContributions to The State of Climate 2004 Recent Greenland climate variability and consequences to ice sheet mass balance
Contributions to The State of Climate 2004 Recent Greenland climate variability and consequences to ice sheet mass balance Jason E. Box AMS Committee on Polar Meteorology Byrd Polar Research Center, The
More informationContents. Section 1: Climate Factors. Section 2: Climate Types. Section 3: Climate Effects
Contents Section 1: Climate Factors 1. Weather or Climate?.... 2 2. Elements of Climate.... 4 3. Factors Affecting Climate.... 10 4. Comparing Climates.... 15 5. Quiz 1.... 20 Section 2: Climate Types
More informationOceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 1999
Fisheries and Oceans Science Pêches et Océans Sciences DFO Science Laurentian Region Stock Status Report G4-01 (2000) Researh vessel CCGS Martha L. Black Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
More informationHere s what a weak El Nino usually brings to the nation with temperatures:
Time again for my annual Winter Weather Outlook. Here's just a small part of the items I considered this year and how I think they will play out with our winter of 2018-2019. El Nino / La Nina: When looking
More informationDLR s TerraSAR-X contributes to international fleet of radar satellites to map the Arctic and Antarctica
DLR s TerraSAR-X contributes to international fleet of radar satellites to map the Arctic and Antarctica The polar regions play an important role in the Earth system. The snow and ice covered ocean and
More informationHow strong does wind have to be to topple a garbage can?
How strong does wind have to be to topple a garbage can? Imagine winds powerful enough to pick up a truck and toss it the length of a football field. Winds of this extreme sometimes happen in a tornado.
More informationIMPACT OF IASI DATA ON FORECASTING POLAR LOWS
IMPACT OF IASI DATA ON FORECASTING POLAR LOWS Roger Randriamampianina rwegian Meteorological Institute, Pb. 43 Blindern, N-0313 Oslo, rway rogerr@met.no Abstract The rwegian THORPEX-IPY aims to significantly
More informationNortheast U.S. Early Season Preview 2017 FISHING ACTION STARTING TO WARM UP ALREADY WITH LOTS OF FISH EXPECTED IN MAY
Northeast U.S. Early Season Preview 2017 FISHING ACTION STARTING TO WARM UP ALREADY WITH LOTS OF FISH EXPECTED IN MAY By Matthew A. Upton and Mitchell A. Roffer ROFFS concludes its 2017 spring preview
More informationThe continent of Antarctica Resource N1
The continent of Antarctica Resource N1 Prepared by Gillian Bunting Mapping and Geographic Information Centre, British Antarctic Survey February 1999 Equal area projection map of the world Resource N2
More informationPolar Portal Season Report 2013
Polar Portal Season Report 2013 All in all, 2013 has been a year with large melting from both the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Arctic sea ice but not nearly as large as the record-setting year of 2012.
More information