NCHRP 1 44 & Caltrans LA 138
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1 Effects of Test Parameters on OBSI Measurements NCHRP 1 44 & Caltrans LA 138 Dana M. Lodico ICF Jones & Stokes Paul R. Donavan Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc Research performed under NCHRP Project 1-44 and Caltrans Quiet Pavement LA 138 Project by Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc
2 On Board Sound Intensity (OBSI) Measurements
3 NCHRP 1 44 Test Parameters Probe location (distance from pavement, distance from tire, fore/aft direction) Vehicle test speed (60 ± 2, ± 4 mph) Vehicle loading (+100, +200 lbs) Inflation pressure (±4, ±8 psi) Temperature Test vehicle Single versus dual probe configuration
4 AC & PCC pavements General Notes Minnesota DOT s MnROADs (MN) and General Motors Desert Proving Grounds (AZ) SRTT & Dunlap test tires Dunlap 2.0 dba higher on average than SRTT Repeat baseline condition after each set of variables 10 consecutive runs SRTT: 0.8 db range & 0.3 db standard deviation Dunlop: db range & db std dev
5 Test Sites: Asphalt & Concrete MnROADs Fine Textured AC MnROADs Random Transverse Tined PCC GM DPG Smooth AC GM DPG Exposed Aggregate PCC
6 Michelin/Uniroyal Standard Reference Test Tire (SRTT) Dunlop SP Winter Sport M3 Test Tire (Dunlop)
7 Dist from tire Fore/Aft Vertical Effects of Probe Location Distance from pavement 0.4 dba decrease per ¼ upward movement Distance from tire Small, but consistent downward trend with increased distance from tire (~0.2 dba per ½ ) Fore/aft direction No clear correlation
8 Effect of Test Speed +0.2 to 0.3 dba per 1 mph increase
9 Effect of Vehicle Loading (Trunk) +0.1 to 0.4 dba per 100 lb increase
10 Effect of Tire Inflation Pressure SRTT: ~0.4 dba increase per 10 psi increase Dunlop: Low dependence Frequency Shift (see next slide)
11 Tire Pressure: 1/3 Oct Bands (SRTT) Levels below 1000 Hz decrease and levels above 1000 Hz increase with increasing tire inflation pressure
12 Effect of Air Temperature SRTT: no clear correlation, r 2 <0.42 Dunlop: ~1 db decrease per 11 deg C (18 deg F) increase
13 Effect of Pavement Temperature SRTT: no clear correlation, r 2 <0.2 Dunlop: ~1 db decrease per 28 deg C (49 deg F) increase
14 Test Vehicle 4 full sized rental vehicles were within 0.5 dba for both SRTT & Dunlop tires
15 Effect of Fixture Configuration Dual probe 0.3 dba 45mph and 0.5 to 0.6 dba 60 mph than Single probe (also see LA 138 slides)
16 Data Quality Criteria What do they show?
17 Caltrans LA 138 Test Parameters LA 138 Site SR 138 SR 14 Lancaster, CA Evaluation of SRTT tire Mileage accumulation (tire wear) Tire to tire variation (6 tires various age/mileage) Equipment configuration Temperature effects
18 Effect of Accumulated Mileage, DGAC Sound Intensity Level, dba hours, 20 minutes 26 o to 30 o C 0 km - May km - May km - May km - May #1 Test Tire LF Passby Tire LR Passby Tire RF Passby Tire RR Passby Tire #2 Test Tire #1 Test Tire
19 Sound Intensity Level, dba SRTT Tire to Tire Variation Ranges SRTT 0.5#1 to 1.1 db Average SRTT Range #2 0.8 db LF Passby Tire Average Std Dev 0.3 db LR Passby Tire RF Passby Tire RR Passby Tire 96 DGAC EB OGAC EB OGAC WB DGAC WB Long. Tined PCC Ground PCC AC
20 Comparisons to Subaru with Dual Probe/Pulse, SRTT Similar to NCHRP 1 44 results!
21 Effect of Air Temperature SRTT no clear correlation, r 2 <0.1 Similar to NCHRP 1 44 results!
22 Summary Linear effect of speed Potentially significant effect of tire loading Potentially significant frequency shift with tire inflation pressure Potentially significant effect of probe distance from pavement surface Small but consistent effect of probe distance from tire sidewall Relatively low dependence on temperature (more testing needed to confirm) Minimal effect of tire warm up & break in Tire to tire variation typically < 1dBA
23 Recommended Parameter Limits Test Parameter Run to Run Repeatability, Overall A Wtd OBSI level Run to Run Repeatability, ⅓ Octave Band Levels Probe Location, Vertical Vehicle Test speed Tire Inflation Pressure (Cold) Vehicle Load Probe Location, Fore/Aft Probe distance from tire sidewall Coherence PI Index Recommended Criteria Within 1 db Within 2 db 3 ± ¼ above pavement 60 ± 1 mph 30 ± 2 psi ± 100 lbs Leading/Trailing edge ± ½inch 4 ± ½inch > 0.8 for frequencies below 4000 Hz < 5 db for data reported as valid
24 Questions? Thanks to: MnDOT personnel GM personnel NCHRP & Amir Hanna Caltrans & Bruce Rymer I&R Staff Yes, hats will be available after this talk for a nominal fee.(talk to Paul)
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