L. McMurdie, R. Houze, J. Zagrodnik, W. Petersen, M. Schwaller
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1 L. McMurdie, R. Houze, J. Zagrodnik, W. Petersen, M. Schwaller International Atmospheric Rivers Conference, San Diego, CA, 9 August 2016
2 Goals of OLYMPEX Validate GPM satellite radar and passive microwave instruments measurements of precipitation GPM Satellite launch 28 Feb 2014
3 Goals of OLYMPEX Determine the orographic effects on precipitation processes
4 What are the mechanisms of enhancement of Atmospheric Rivers and other frontal precipitation over coastal mountains? Composite PW (cm) Results addressing this question can inform the PMP (Larry Schick s talk) Neiman et al Composite Rain (mm)
5 Layer lifting of low-level warm moist jet? Radial Velocity
6 Enhancement of ice-phase processes? Enhanced aggregation? ZDR
7 Cellularity in the upslope flow? KH waves Spectrum width (shear)
8 The Olympic Peninsula High Terrain Valley Ocean Rain Forest
9 The OLYMPEX Strategy Aircraft ER2 & DC8 over the top Citation through the clouds Surface Particle sizes and fallspeeds Rain and snow amounts Snow cameras Upper air Supplemental soundings in events Windward and leeside stations Radars for 3D structure RHI sectors at 4 different wavelengths Dual polarization Doppler
10 RHI sectors
11 Timeline of Operations Testing Ground sites collecting data Gauges, Parsivel, MRR s and snow measurements Ground Sites Rain gauges, disdrometers, MRR s Snow Measurements Trailer, Hurricane Ridge, Snow Poles, Snow Survey, Lidar Flights
12 Timeline of Operations Testing Aircraft Soundings Soundings EC X-band Operations NPOL and DOW Operations NPOL,DOW Ground sites collecting data Raingauges and Parsivel and MRR s Aircraft Radars Soundings Radars Soundings
13 What did we observe? Elevation 540m Elevation 115m Elevation 190m Elevation 1020m and 280m Elevation 0m The OLYMPEX Season Totals Season Totals A lot of precipitation
14 Our criteria for Atmospheric River events High Melting level (> 2 km) High Precipitable water (>25mm) Strong cross-barrier flow (>40 kts at 925 hpa) Long period of precipitation/ orographic enhancement of precipitation (in our cases)
15 At least 6 Atmospheric River Events during OLYMPEX November First day of full operations November no aircraft flights strong cross winds 3 4 December 8 9 December January 2016 observed by ground network only February 2016 observed by ground network only
16 0600 UTC 13 November 500 hpa Heights and Vorticity WSW Flow Strong Jet across Pacific
17 1200 UTC 17 November 500 hpa Heights and Vorticity WSW Flow Even stronger Jet across Pacific
18 SW Flow Strong Jet across Pacific 1800 UTC 8 December 500 hpa Heights and Vorticity All 3 cases had strong ~(south)westerly jet aimed straight towards Olympic Peninsula
19 0600 UTC 13 November 850 hpa Heights and Temperature Strong onshore flow at 850hPa. Very warm airmass
20 1200 UTC 17 November 850 hpa Heights and Temperature Strong onshore flow at 850hPa. Very warm airmass
21 SW Flow Strong Jet across Pacific 1800 UTC 8 December 850 hpa Heights and Temperature All 3 cases had warm, strong low level flow. Nov 13 and 17 events had NCFR passage at end of event
22 12 13 November Atmospheric River
23 16 17 November Atmospheric River
24 8 9 December Atmospheric River
25 0600 UTC 13 Nov PW = 29.3 mm 0 C = 2680 m 1200 UTC 17 Nov PW = 27.1 mm 0 C = 2276 m 1800 UTC 8 Dec PW = 28.8 mm 0 C = 2488 m All 3 cases had high melting levels and large precipitable water and strong 40kt jet at 925 hpa with little turning
26 Season Totals Max in interior November Factor of 2.5 enhancement Factor of 4 5 enhancement November 8-9 December Max over initial slopes
27 Hydrological Impacts
28 Nov Dec 8-9 Nov 16-17
29 16 17 November Atmospheric River
30 Water The Doppler on Wheels (DOW)
31 Common Features of these 3 Events (warm sector period) Strong, moist WSW flow towards the Olympic Mountains with high melting levels Precipitation patterns differ from seasonal climatology including stronger than average orographic enhancement Large hydrologic impact Next talk: What is role of warm rain and iceprocesses in contributing to orographic enhancement?
32 Now for some preliminary results from Joe
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