DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY. Metr Fall 2012 Test #1 200 pts. Part I. Surface Chart Interpretation.

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1 DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY NAME Metr Fall 2012 Test #1 200 pts Part I. Surface Chart Interpretation. Figure 1. Surface Chart for 1500Z 7 September

2 1. Pressure System A on the chart is a (a) an anticyclone. (b) a low pressure area. (c) a cyclone. (d) a ridge. (e) (b) and (c). 2. Pressure System B on the chart is a (a) an anticyclone. (b) a low pressure area. (c) a cyclone. (d) a ridge. (e) (b) and (c). 3. Station 4 (see above) is reporting (a) a thunderstorm (b) heavy continuous rain (c) moderate fog. (d) heavy continuous snow. (e) haze. 4. The station(s) with a relative humidity of 100% (a) Station 1 (b) Station 2 (c) Station 3 (d) Station 4 (e) Stations 1, 2 and The station(s) with the lowest relative humidity (a) Station 1 (b) Station 2 (c) Station 3 (d) Station 4 (e) Stations 1, 2 and The pressure at Station 3 is (a) 1080 mb (b) mb (c) mb (d) 520 mb (e) 1052 mb 2

3 7. The FRONT shown on the weather map is (a) a stationary front (b) a cold front (c) a warm front (d) an occluded front Part II. Satellite and Radar Interpretation. Refer to Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2. Infrared Satellite Image, 1615 UTC 1 Oct

4 Fig. 3. Radar Reflectivity, Tallahassee, Florida 1642 UTC 1 Oct Fig. 2 BASICALLY shows areas of precipitation. (a) T (b) F 9. Fig. 3 BASICALLY shows areas of cloudiness. (a) T (b) F 10. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in combination would suggest to meteorologists that the dominant cloud form over southwestern Georgia and the Florida Panhandle (a) is stratus. (b) is fog. (c) is cumulonimbus. (d) is cirrus spissatus. (e) is stratocumulus. 4

5 11. Figures 2 and 3 together suggest that the main forecast issue over southwestern Georgia and the Flordia Panhandle would be (a) fog. (b) frost. (c) warm temperatures. (d) low dew points. (e) thunderstorms. 12. The red box on Fig. 3 is a Severe Thunderstorm Warning. The definition of a severe thunderstorm does NOT include which of the following (a) flash flooding. (b) hail exceeding 1 in diameter. (c) (a) and (e). (d) straight line winds exceeding 50 knots (57 mph). (e) frequent cloud to ground lightning. Part III. Visible Satellite. Refer to Fig. 4. Fig. 4. Visible Satellite Image, 1845 UTC, 12 August

6 13. Examination of the satellite image suggests that fog is the dominant cloud form appearing along the coast (rather than, say, cumulonimbus) (a) because cumulonimbus does not often occur along the coast. (b) because the cloudiness appears to outlining the coastline, indicating that it is a low cloud form restricted to the coastal sections by the topography. (c) because stratus is the most observed cloud type in California. (d) because the dewpoint temperatures are high. (e) because there are few radar sites in California. 14. On Fig. 4, fog is extending inland over the central section of the Bay Area (a) because upwelling is occuring there. (b) because Mt Diablo is drawing the fog inland there. (c) because San Francisco is heating up and drawing the fog inland. (d) because that is in the region of the Coast Range broken by the Golden Gate. (e) because the dewpoint temperatures are the highest there. 15. The Santa Cruz Mountains are located roughly at (d) D. (e) E 16. Mt. Tamalpais is located roughly at (d) D. (e) E 17. Mt. Diablo is located roughly at (d) D. (e) E 6

7 Part IV. More on Advection Fog. Questions 18 to 23 refer to Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Schematic Section Across Coastline During Typical Summer Afternoon. Sea surface temperatures are shown. The letters refer to the EXACT location. (D is in the surface of the ocean, not the atmosphere). 18. An animated visible satellite image would show clouds beginning to form at (d) D. (e) None of the locations. 19. A surface high pressure area is located at (d) D (e) None of the locations. 7

8 20. Assume that at C the temperature of the air is 70F and the dew point is 63. As the air moves from C to the Central Valley of California, at which location (roughly) would the relative humidity at the surface be 100 %. (d) D (e) None of the locations. 21. The cloud form developing at A is known as (a) cumulus (b) stratus (c) cumulonimbus (d) altostratus (e) cirrocumulus 22. As air moves from C to the Central Valley, which of the following meteorological characteristics of the air parcel will NOT change markedly? (a) its temperature (b) the pressure observed at its location (c) the speed at which it is moving (d) cloud cover at its location (e) its dew point temperature 23. Advection is occurring at (d) D (e) None of the locations indicated. Questions 24 through 27 Refer to Figure 6, below. 24. The lines drawn on Figure 6 are (a) isobars of sea surface temperature. (b) contours of sea elevation (c) isotherms of sea surface temperature. (d) streamlines. (e) radar depiction contours. 8

9 Fig 6. Sea-surface Temperature Analysis for Three Days Ending 9/16/ The coldest ocean temperatures are occurring roughly at (d) D (e) E 26. Air moving from location A to the Central Valley of California would (a) be warmed (b) be dried out (c) be an easterly wind (d) not be affected by the ocean surface (e) cooled by conduction (contact) with the ocean surface. 9

10 27. The cold temperatures evident in the sea surface temperature pattern immediately adjacent to the coast are (a) partially due to the presence of the California Current (b) partially due to the presence of the Kuroshio Current (c) partially due to the presence of the Humbolt Current (d) partially due to the presence of the Gulf Stream (e) due to cold air from Alaska Questions 28 through 39 refer to Fig. 7 below. Part V. Summer Sealevel Pressure Patterns. Fig. 7, Mean Sealevel Pressure Map for July (larger version at back of exam) 28. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a wind speed of 15 knots, one a wind speed of 30 knots and the other a wind speed of 20 knots. Which is recording 30 knots? 29. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a wind speed of 15 knots, one a wind speed of 30 knots and the other a wind speed of 20 knots. Which is reporting 15 knots? 10

11 30. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a wind speed of 15 knots, one a wind speed of 30 knots and the other a wind speed of 20 knots. Which is reporting 20 knots? 31. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a south-southwest wind, one records a west-northwest wind and one records an east-southeast wind. Which is reporting a eastsoutheast wind.? 32. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a south-southwest wind, one records a west-northwest wind and one records an east-southeast wind. Which is reporting a south-southwest wind.? 33.. Note the locations A, B and C. Of these locations, one records a south-southwest wind, one records a west-northwest wind and one records an east-southeast wind. Which is reporting a westnorthwest wind.? Below find the choices for questions (34), (35) and (36) 11

12 For questions (34), (35) and (36) choose from the choices at the bottom of page At location A on the weather map, the correct wind plot would be (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Correct 35. At location B on the weather map, the correct wind plot would be (a) (b) orrect (d) (e) 36. At location C on the weather map, the correct wind plot would be (a) Correct (b) (c) (d) (e) 37. High 1 is the (a) California High (b) Atlantic High (c) Humboldt High (d) Pacific High (e) Bermuda High 38. The term advection in advecion fog refers to the fact (a) that vertical air currents produce fog. (b) that air motions associated with the production of fog are swift. (c) that the dew points associated with fog are in the 50s F. (d) that horizontal motion brings air from the west to east over the cold California current, where that air is cooled to the dew point. (e) that the coastal fog is chiefly a summer phenomenon. 39. High 2 is the (a) California High (b) Atlantic High (c) Humboldt High (d) Pacific High (e) Bermuda High 12

13 Part VI. Dew Point Temperature. 40. The dew point temperature is used by meteorologists in many ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? (a) The dew point temperatures can be used as a rough indication of how much water vapor is present. (b) The difference between the actual temperature and the dew point temperature is related to the relative humidity. (c) Meteorologists can use the dew point temperature to determine how much cooling is needed to produce clouds at the observation site.. (d) Meteorologists use the dew point temperature to assess the strength of cyclones. (e) The surface dew point temperature can be used as a very rough indicator of how prone the atmosphere is for thunderstorm formation. 41. When the temperature is cooled to the dew point temperature at the ground (a) condensation begins, often evidenced by the formation of fog. (b) there is much water vapor in the air. (c) strong winds develop. (d) evaporation begins. (e) rain occurs. Part VII. 500 mb chart. (Questions 42 and 43 refer to Fig. 8 below) Figure mb chart With Possible Polar Jet Stream Positions, 12 UTC 26 September

14 42. On Fig. 8, the correct location of the Polar Jet Stream is indicated by the arrow labeled. (d) D (e) E 43. The conditions shown on Figure 8 are occurring roughly at an elevation of a. 180 feet b feet c feet d feet e feet Part VII. Grab Bag 44. San Francisco s latitude is most nearly (a) 30N (b) 38N (c) 45N (d) 50N (e) 60N 45. California s precipitation pattern is strongly influenced by topography. (a) T (b) F 46. San Francisco s normal annual rainfall is most nearly (a) 42 inches (b) 32 inches (c) 24 inches (d) 12 inches (e) 2 inches 47. Which statement is correct? (a) In the absence of other effects, on a level surface, regions of higher pressure to regions move towards regions of lower pressure. (b) Air moves fastest where isobars are furthest apart. (c) Air motion at 500 mb tends to be slower than air motion at the surface. (d) In the absence of other effects, on a level surface, air tends to move from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure. (e) warm ocean currents 14

15 48. San Francisco s longitude is most nearly (a) 90E (b) 122W (c) 122E (d) 100W (e) 175W 49. Eureka is located (a) in the Sierra Nevada (b) in the North Coast (c) near Lake Tahoe (d) tin he South Coast (e) just north of Santa Barbara 50. Normal annual rainfall is defined as (a) the rainfall that should be expected each year. (b) the rainfall that would occur only in a typical years and not other years. (c) the average rainfall for the entire period of record. (d) the rainfall that occurs normally in December, January, February. (e) defined as the average rainfall for the thirty years ending the last even decade. 15

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