RAMA: Research Moored Array for African-Asian- Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction

Transcription

1 RAMA: Research Moored Array for African-Asian- Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction Mike McPhaden, NOAA/PMEL with Ravichandran, K. Ando, W. Yu. E. Schulz Status Successes & Challenges Recommendations IndOOS Review Workshop Jakarta, Indonesia March 2018

2 Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) The Indian Ocean Component of GOOS NASCar Cirene ASIRI MISOBoB YMC EIOURI In situ & satellite obs for essential ocean variables (EOVs) In situ system esigned in 2004 by CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel Basin scale with regional elements Supports and benefits from short term process studies +GOSHIP

3 RAMA 36 of 46 sites occupied

4 RAMA ORV Sagar Kanya deploys ATLAS mooring RV Baruna Jaya VIII Deploys ATLAS mooring 36 of 46 sites occupied Resource Formula: ü ü NOAA provides most equipment Regional partners provide ship time

5 ATLAS Mooring: ü Ocean and atmosphere ü Rapid continuous sampling ü Real-time data ü Platform of opportunity (BCG sensors, chipods, ocean sound sensors ) Designed and built at PMEL Original ATLAS: 1984 ATLAS-II (Nextgen): 1995 ATLAS-III (T-Flex): 2015

6 Addressing IndOOS Scientific and Operational Drivers Real-time and Delayed Mode Data Steams Iridium Real-time GTS data used worldwide for operational ocean, weather and climate analyses and forecasts: NCEP, FNMOC, ECWMF, JMA, Meteo-France, UKMO, BOM, CPTEC, BMKG Used in every ocean and atmospheric reanalysis product: GODAS, ECCO, NCEP1, NCEP2, ERA-I... Used in many data products: COADS, CORE, Blended SST/SSS, OAFlux, Tropflux... Used for satellite validation: SST, SSS, SSH, wind stress, wind speed, precip, radiation...

7 A new moored buoy array in the data-sparse Indian Ocean provides measurements to advance monsoon research and forecasting BAMS 2009 RAMA paper cited 236 times since publication in 2009 (Highly Cited: Web of Science) RAMA bibliography

8 RAMA Data Flux Reference Site No Air Pressure or Long Wave at standard sites

9 RAMA Data Flux Reference Site T: 13 sensors m (11 at standard sites) S: 8 sensors m (6 at standard sites) No Air Pressure or Long Wave at standard sites

10 RAMA Data 61-day triangle filter Flux Reference Site T: 13 sensors m (11 at standard sites) S: 8 sensors m (6 at standard sites) No Air Pressure or Long Wave at standard sites

11 RAMA Implementation Piracy, ship time, fishing vandalism, funding limitations have slowed implementation

12 Lack of Ship Time 3 sites not maintained in > 2 years 2 sites not maintained in > 4.5 years

13 Bullet holes! Fishing Vandalism

14 Data return when sites regularly serviced à An index of vandalism s effects

15 Bad Site 1.5 N, 80.5 E Good Site 15 N, 90 E Data return when sites regularly serviced

16 40 Moorings % Equipment Lost

17 X X X X X X X X X X X X

18 RAMA à 33 sites in 2018

19 RAMA-2.1 > 6 yrs in 2019 X 46 à 32 sites in 2019

20 PIRACY Pirate activity resulted in 10 incidents in the Arabian Sea from 2014 to 2018 Lloyds of London Exclusion Zone Reduced in Dec 2015 to 65 E (from 78 E) Horn of Africa (2018 as of 8 Mar)

21 NOAA Ship Ron Brown to Indian Ocean

22 RAMA 2.0 (September 2018)

23 Recommendations è Adopt and complete RAMA-2.0 (2.1) è Complete transition from ATLAS to T-Flex è Technology enhancements Higher vertical resolution T, S, U in mixed layer More multi-disciplinary measurements for biogeochemistry and ecosystem studies è Programmatic Consider IIOE-2 requirements for enhancements Where feasible, implement recommendations from operational community Develop new partnerships (e.g. Korea) Expand methodically to viable new sites (RAMA-2.n)