Oceanographic Activities of INCLINE

Transcription

1 Oceanographic Activities of INCLINE Edmo Campos Oceanographic Intitute University of São Paulo Brazil LABMON - GEOCLIM Collaborators: Paulo Nobre (INPE/Brazil); Janice Trotte (MCTI/Brazil); Carlos França, Francisco Vicentini Neto, Luiz Nonnato (IOUSP/Brazil); Leonardo Barreira (IEAPM/Brazil) and Rick Cole (RDSEA/U.S.)

2 Sub-Project: Observations and Numerical Modeling Studies for the Understanding of Impacts of Climatic Change in the South Atlantic on the Physics, Biology and Biogeochemistry off Southern and Southeastern Brazilian Coastal Zone Scientific Rationale: The coastal region off Brazil is part of the western limits of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and, consequently, impacted by the global ocean circulation. Changes in the large scale circulation resulting from changes in Earth s climate have significant impacts on the oceanic region adjacent to the Brazilian shores. Changes in physical properties result in alterations of the local climate, with impacts on the hydrological cycle and on the fluvial discharge regimes along the coastal regions. Alterations in the coastal hydrodynamics and the upwelling systems impact the biological pump and the biogeochemical cycles on the continental shelf.

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4 The South Atlantic role in Global Climate The South Atlantic exports heat to the North Atlantic at a rate of approximately 1.3 Petawatts (1.3 x W) The inter-hemispheric heat and mass exchange in the Atlantic is a key element in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). Small anomalies in this process may lead to abrupt climate changes.

5 Regional Relevance The ocean circulation impacts directly the entire Brazilian EEZ, known in Brazil as the the Blue Amazon The Blue Amazon Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the Tropical and Subtropical South Atlantic play important role in regional climate. The Green Amazon Cortesia: A. Piola

6 Regional Relevance

7 Regional Relevance 2004 Other Catarinas? C SST 0.1 SSS Catarina, the 1 st Hurricane in the South Atlantic Mar 2004 SSH

8 NATURE, vol 497, 9 May 2013 The AMOC is being monitored on three arrays across the Atlantic: OSNAP, surface-to-bottom monitoring array between Canada and Scotland, proposed to US and British funding agencies. RAPID-MOCHA, from the Florida to Africa across 26.5N, which has been in place since 2004 SAMOC, a multinational effort in the South Atlantic from Brazil to South Africa, along 34.5 o S.

9 SAMOC is an International effort to create and maintain a climate observing system in the South Atlantic Participants: Brazil Argentina South Africa United States France Germany Russia England P, Brandt/Kiel

10 The Brazilian Component of the SAMOC Program Together with institutions in Argentina and the Unites States, since 2011 Brazil is contributing to SAMOC, by setting up a monitoring system in the western end of the SAMBA line Eastern end of the array is being monitored by South Africa and France. Funding: US$ 1,430, Principal Investigator: Edmo Campos

11 Two other programs, the Atlas-B and MOVAR complements SAMOC and PIRATA Atlas-B Movar SAMOC Basin-wide Array (SAMBA) Activities supported by Brazilian Navy ships and the University of Sao Paulo s R/V Alpha-Crucis N/Oc Alpha-Crucis

12 The Atlas-B A Brazilian-made Atlas Buoy

13 The Atlas-B is monitoring the region where occurred the 1 st Hurricane in the South Atlantic: The Catarina (March 2004) MicroCAT

14 Constructing and mooring the Atlas-B The Guariroba is the 1 st deepocean buoy entirely integrated and moored by a Brazilian team. Custo total de duas boias: R$ 1.3 milhões

15 Guariroba data will be available in real-time through the GTS 15

16 The Atlas-B is a Pilot Project of the PIRATA Program MOVAR

17 The Atlas-B on the international scenario An article on the technical aspects of the construction and mooring of the Atlas-B Buoy has made the cover of the September Issue of the Marine Technology Reporter