Flight Report September,

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Flight Report September, 06-2014 Summary 1. Strategy Flight... 2 2.

1 Flight Report September, Summary 1. Strategy Flight Weather Conditions Before Flight Weather Conditions During Flight... 4 Attachment...8 1

2 1. Strategy flight Strategy flight for September 6 was Pattern #4 Alta Floresta SBAT and Pattern #7 Boa Vista SBBV (Figure 1.1). Those patterns were chosen due to weather conditions, discussed in chapter 2. The altitude path strategy is presented in Figure 1.2. Figure Flight strategy. 2

Figure 1.2 - Altitude path for the flight. 2. Weather conditions before flight Figure 2.1 shows the general weather conditions for 14:30 UTC, approximately one hour before HALO took off.

3 Figure Altitude path for the flight. 2. Weather conditions before flight Figure 2.1 shows the general weather conditions for 14:30 UTC, approximately one hour before HALO took off. Close to Manaus, Cirrus clouds were dominant during the morning (local time) and no significant precipitation was observed close to the airport. A large convective system acted relatively close to the southernmost edge of the planned flight pattern. Some fire spots were active in the state of Pará and to the north, state of Roraima, the atmosphere was probably much cleaner as no biomass burning was detected. Figure 2.1: general weather conditions for 14:30 UTC, one hour before HALO departure. Red dots are fire spots, green lines are radars coverage. Probability of lightning is shown over clouds in the GOES-13 IR image. The planned HALO path is presented in blue, with the respective waypoints. Sounding obtained at 12:00 UTC at Ponta Pelada (Figure 2.2) presents a lifted condensation level (LCL) at aproximatelly 850 hpa, a dry adiabatic lapse rate between the surface and 750 hpa and a saturated adiabatic lapse rate between 750 hpa and 250 hpa. Ambient was relatively dry between 550 hpa and 200 hpa, winds blew from the west between surface and 500 hpa, from south between 500 hpa and 250 hpa and from west again above that level. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) was 131 J/kg and Convective Inhibition (CIN) was 52 J/kg. 3

4 Figure 2.2 Ponta Pelada radiosonde of September 6 th at 12 UTC. 3. Conditions during flight At departure time, some precipitation was observed to the south of the airport by the SIPAM S- band radar (Figure 3.1). The systems were close to the planned flight path. Right after takeoff HALO reached those systems, between Solimões and Negro rivers. They were characterized as localized rain cells below or near the Cirrus line mentioned before. 4

Figure 3.1 - conditions near the airport at/near departure time.

Satellite images during flight (Figure 3.

southern Pará states during the first hour of flight, as well as

5 Figure conditions near the airport at/near departure time. Radar data on both images are from SIPAM S-band radar. Satellite images during flight (Figure 3.2) shows deep convection in the north of Mato Grosso and southern Pará states during the first hour of flight, as well as cirrus and small cumulus in Amazonas. In the following hours, convection grew in the eastern Amazonas. 5

Figure 3.2 - Visible image from GOES-13 satellite at 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 UTC in September 06, 2014. Figure 3.

6 Figure Visible image from GOES-13 satellite at 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 UTC in September 06, Figure 3.3 shows the AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) at 13:50 UTC from MODIS aboard TERRA satellite over Amazon basin. AOD values above 0.3 were observed at southern Manaus, with maximum value of approximately 0.7 observed in both Rondonia state and southern Amazonas, probably due to fires in those regions. Cleaner atmosphere is 6

observed north of Manaus, which can be seen as lower values of Aerosol Optical Depth (less than 0.15). Figure 3.

7 observed north of Manaus, which can be seen as lower values of Aerosol Optical Depth (less than 0.15). Figure Spatial distribution of AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) in September 06, 2014 at 13:50 UTC from MODIS aboard TERRA satellite over Amazon basin. The red asterisk represents the localization of the Manaus (in the north) and Alta Floresta (in the south) cities. Source: Data from 7

8 Flight Summary: HALO-Campaign ACRIDICON-CHUVA Flight number: AC07 Date, base: (Saturday), SBEG Block/TO/LDG/Block/FH: 1556/1606/2329/2335Z /7:40 Mission type: Cloud Profiling Flight pattern: Combination of official patterns #4 and #7. In fact, flight to Alta Floresta VOR (ATF), cloud profiling ca 30 nm W of ATF, return to Manaus VOR (MNS), north to ARVUM, return to SBEG Participants: Aircrew: Pilot: Michael Grossrubatscher Co-Pilot: Steffen Gemsa Technician: Ralf Zink Scientists: Meinrat Andreae (Mission PI), Rachel Albrecht, Florian Ewald, Daniel Fütterer, Emma Järvinen Observer: Ten. Fialho

9 Instrument status: Radiation EAGLE/HAWK: HAI: minidoas: SMART: SNOOPY: PMS CAS-DPOL: CCP: MTP: NIXE-CAPS: PHIPS: PCASP-100X: PIP: SID-3: UHSAS-A: Gas ALABAMA-NOy: PAN-MS: AMTEX: TDS: Aerosol C-ToF-AMS: CVI-Rack: CCN: AMETYST: FINCH: BAHAMAS: SatCom:. Fly-bys should be at greater distance n/op first part, possible overheat on apron, short data gaps Overheat at low levels, but hot wires n/op n/op, computer did not start Initial overheat, then Ok, with some connection problems, some spikes Not used O 3, CO some data gaps Not used. CVI run times too short. Some strange flows from CCN rack until midway thru cloud profiling, then some problems with controls Problems with both DMAs. OPC ok. Data for part of flight. Connected to HASI One hour of data from boom lost due to icing, else, but file transfer failed Flight remarks: 1556Z: Cirrus in Manaus region quite dense. Sct low cu. Cumulus had been building since about 1030L (1430Z). 1606Z: Takeoff. Direct UTPAM. Quite hazy 1610Z: FL100. Anti-ice on. Hold level 2 min. 1614Z: Haze tops out at about FL130. Abundant cu. 1622Z: Passing outflows. SAT -28 at FL Z: Hold 5 min at FL300, then descend to BL 1645Z: Top of aerosol layer at Z: Cross Rio Tapajos. Hazy. Fire at river. Cloud base Z: Communication problems. CN ~2000/cc at low level over savanna (cerrado) 1703Z: Climb to FL100. Cloud base MiniDOAS needs hard reset. Water cloud passed at 8700, SAT 11C 1718Z: FL 300, hold

10 1727Z: Descend 1704Z: Turn west at ATF 1745Z: Over deforested areas. Cloud bases at Z: begin clod profiling with 5000 run below cloud base. SAT 19C, CN ~2000/cc 1808Z: sample on CVI Level Time SAT MVD rem Cloud base Some ice particles Few graupel, small rain, few large drops, CN ~1750/cc /4/7 water to /12 CN ~1300/cc Some rain / No water, only ice Ice and water Mostly ice Mostly water, CN ~600/cc Water and some ice Water Can t find any more isolated cu at this level 2031Z: At outflow level. Sampling outflow. SAT -45. CN >5000/cc 2040Z: Turn back to ATF. CN ~5000. Non-volatiles < 10%. Reduce speed from 250 kts to 230 kts. 2045Z: Small ice. Enter outflow again. CVI-CPC: /cc. Massive anvil above us. 2050Z: CCN etc. to CVI 2056Z: Outflow. Static electricity. Lots of ice particles. CN now only ~1000/cc 2101Z: Still in outflow. Getting thinner. Pristine ice particles. 2116Z: Climb to FL400. At 400 still in outflow or cirrus at SAT -55 C. Continue slow climb to FL Z: Pristine ice particles. Could this be normal cirrus? Passed through large area of clear air, then another broad outflow band close to MNS. At MNS, turn to ARVUM. 100 nm from ARVUM descend to FL Z: Approaching ARVUM. CN ~500/cc at (Ground elevation about 100 m). 2232Z: Turn at ARVUM. Climb to FL100, then FL Z: Begin approach to SBEG 2316Z: Anti-ice off 2329Z: Landing 2335Z: On blocks

11 Flight track

13 Flight Summary: HALO-Campaign ACRIDICON-CHUVA Flight number: AC07 Date, base: (Saturday), SBEG Block/TO/LDG/Block/FH: 1556/1606/2329/2335Z /7:40 Mission type: Cloud Profiling Flight pattern: Combination of official patterns #4 and #7. In fact, flight to Alta Floresta VOR (ATF), cloud profiling ca 30 nm W of ATF, return to Manaus VOR (MNS), north to ARVUM, return to SBEG Participants: Aircrew: Pilot: Michael Grossrubatscher Co-Pilot: Steffen Gemsa Technician: Ralf Zink Scientists: Meinrat Andreae (Mission PI), Rachel Albrecht, Florian Ewald, Daniel Fütterer, Emma Järvinen Observer: Ten. Fialho

14 Instrument status: Radiation EAGLE/HAWK: HAI: minidoas: SMART: SNOOPY: PMS CAS-DPOL: CCP: MTP: NIXE-CAPS: PHIPS: PCASP-100X: PIP: SID-3: UHSAS-A: Gas ALABAMA-NOy: PAN-MS: AMTEX: TDS: Aerosol C-ToF-AMS: CVI-Rack: CCN: AMETYST: FINCH: BAHAMAS: SatCom:. Fly-bys should be at greater distance n/op first part, possible overheat on apron, short data gaps Overheat at low levels, but hot wires n/op n/op, computer did not start Initial overheat, then Ok, with some connection problems, some spikes Not used O 3, CO some data gaps Not used. CVI run times too short. Some strange flows from CCN rack until midway thru cloud profiling, then some problems with controls Problems with both DMAs. OPC ok. Data for part of flight. Connected to HASI One hour of data from boom lost due to icing, else, but file transfer failed Flight remarks: 1556Z: Cirrus in Manaus region quite dense. Sct low cu. Cumulus had been building since about 1030L (1430Z). 1606Z: Takeoff. Direct UTPAM. Quite hazy 1610Z: FL100. Anti-ice on. Hold level 2 min. 1614Z: Haze tops out at about FL130. Abundant cu. 1622Z: Passing outflows. SAT -28 at FL Z: Hold 5 min at FL300, then descend to BL 1645Z: Top of aerosol layer at Z: Cross Rio Tapajos. Hazy. Fire at river. Cloud base Z: Communication problems. CN ~2000/cc at low level over savanna (cerrado) 1703Z: Climb to FL100. Cloud base MiniDOAS needs hard reset. Water cloud passed at 8700, SAT 11C 1718Z: FL 300, hold

15 1727Z: Descend 1704Z: Turn west at ATF 1745Z: Over deforested areas. Cloud bases at Z: begin clod profiling with 5000 run below cloud base. SAT 19C, CN ~2000/cc 1808Z: sample on CVI Level Time SAT MVD rem Cloud base Some ice particles Few graupel, small rain, few large drops, CN ~1750/cc /4/7 water to /12 CN ~1300/cc Some rain / No water, only ice Ice and water Mostly ice Mostly water, CN ~600/cc Water and some ice Water Can t find any more isolated cu at this level 2031Z: At outflow level. Sampling outflow. SAT -45. CN >5000/cc 2040Z: Turn back to ATF. CN ~5000. Non-volatiles < 10%. Reduce speed from 250 kts to 230 kts. 2045Z: Small ice. Enter outflow again. CVI-CPC: /cc. Massive anvil above us. 2050Z: CCN etc. to CVI 2056Z: Outflow. Static electricity. Lots of ice particles. CN now only ~1000/cc 2101Z: Still in outflow. Getting thinner. Pristine ice particles. 2116Z: Climb to FL400. At 400 still in outflow or cirrus at SAT -55 C. Continue slow climb to FL Z: Pristine ice particles. Could this be normal cirrus? Passed through large area of clear air, then another broad outflow band close to MNS. At MNS, turn to ARVUM. 100 nm from ARVUM descend to FL Z: Approaching ARVUM. CN ~500/cc at (Ground elevation about 100 m). 2232Z: Turn at ARVUM. Climb to FL100, then FL Z: Begin approach to SBEG 2316Z: Anti-ice off 2329Z: Landing 2335Z: On blocks

16 Flight track

Flight Report September 11, 2014 Summary

Flight Report September 11, 2014 Summary 1. HALO Flight Report AC09... 2 1.1 Flight Strategy... 2 1.2 Weather Conditions Before the Flight... 3 1.3 Conditions During the Flight... 4 1. HALO Flight Report