Dynamical Core: GEM (Cote et al. 1998)/GEM-LAM (Zadra et al. 2008) Physics Package: CanAM4 (von Salzen et al. 2013) CanAM4.

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1 CCCma CCCmaGlobal Global and and Regional Regional Climate ClimateModels Models Dynamical Core: GEM (Cote et al. 1998)/GEM-LAM (Zadra et al. 2008) Physics Package: CanAM4 (von Salzen et al. 2013) CanAM4 CanAM4 (CanCM4, CanESM2) Advection Physics Package Spectral dynamical core GEM dynamical core CCCma 4th gen physics CCCma 4th gen physics : Scinocca et al. J. Climate, (Semi Lagrangian) Identical Code

2 Coordinated Coordinated Global Global and and Regional Regional Climate Climate Modelling Modelling combine strict physics compatibility between global and regional model with application of spectral nudging in the RCM physics compatibility between the RCM and GCM is seen as desirable as it eliminates an important source of artifacts from the downscaling exercise (Giorgi and Mearns, 1999). spectral nudging of scales ~T21 or larger in constrains its largescale circulation to follow its parent driving global model CanESM4. Coordinating global and regional modelling in this way offers a number of advantages not available to independent regional climate modelling centres (e.g. full-field driving ) full-field driving: in addition to the usual dynamical driving fields (ie U,V,T,Q) is driven on its lateral boundaries by all chemistry and aerosol tracers available from its parent model CanESM4 Aerosols, chemical species etc. with sources outside RCM domain can be modelled correctly in

3 Mineral Mineral Dust Dust () () ERA-interim ERA-interim Driving Driving ERA-interim Driven Nudged Parent Driven Nudged Parent Driven (U,V,T,q) b (full-field) c a (U,V,T,q only) Parent ppbw(x0.1) d e f ppbw(x0.1) Saharan dust, transit time 7-10 days (Engelstaedter et al. 2006) Host for microorganisms risk to human health (Griffin 2007)

4 Validation Validation (NARCCAP) (NARCCAP) precipitation 5 0 c d Obs: a) CRU b Biases: b) c) d) e) f) g) WRFG h) 4 2 e 0 f g h mm day-1 10 mm day-1 a Observations -2-4 courtesy of Sébastien Biner

5 Validation Validation (NARCCAP) (NARCCAP) 2m Temperature 20 0 Celsius a -20 c d b Obs: a) CRU Biases: b) c) d) e) f) g) WRFG h) e f g h Celsius Observations courtesy of Sébastien Biner

6 CORDEX CORDEX Domains Domains Four CORDEX domains resolution 0.22o/0.44o or 25/50km North American (NA) Arctic (ARC) African (AFR) Europe (EUR)

7 CORDEX CORDEX Runs Runs has undertaken one round of CORDEX downscaling runs all: 4 domains at both 0.22 and 0.44 degrees resolution; one ensemble member each; standard CORDEX output variables and frequencies. reanalysis driven, Evaluation, runs (ERA-interim) CanESM2 CMIP5 historical driven runs: CanESM2 CMIP5 future RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 driven runs: Extra runs following CORDEX an additional 4 ensembles members of CMIP5 CanESM2 historical/rcp4.5 future simulations downscaled over NA with standard CORDEX output ( ) downscaling of CanSISE CanESM2 50 member large ensemble: 0.44, NA domain, , RCP members with enhanced 3hr output of selected variables 15 members with enhanced 1hr output of selected variables downscaling of CanSISE CanESM2 large ensemble: 0.22, NA domain, , RCP8.5 1 member with enhanced 1hr output of selected variables

8 CanRCM5 CanRCM5 Updates Updates CanRCM5 will have new physics package from CanESM5 (CMIP6) Updated land surface (CLASS2.7 CLASS3.6) Land carbon cycle included (CTEM integrated with CLASS3.6) Improvements to treatments of: cloud/aerosol/radiative interactions; snow; volcanic aerosols; mineral dust and DMS source parameterizations Fractional land mask in AGCM Subgrid lake model parameterization (Canadian Small Lakes Model) Streamflow diagnostics

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10 bias analysis in subregions of NA domain following Mearns et al. (2012) courtesy of Sébastien Biner

11 Validation Validation (NARCCAP) (NARCCAP) Regional Precipitation Anomalies All Regions 1 0 mm day-1 NE Forest 0.5 NW Forest Pacific Rockies Plains Great Lakes California SW USA Gulf Coastal Atlantic courtesy of Sébastien Biner

12 Validation Validation (NARCCAP) (NARCCAP) Regional 2m Temperature Anomalies All Regions 5 0 Celsius NW Forest NE Forest -5 Pacific Rockies Plains Great Lakes California SW USA Gulf Coastal Atlantic courtesy of Sébastien Biner