Monday, May 24, Things to Know...

Transcription

1 117 Things to Know...

2 117 Things to Know...

3 The same substance always has the same density.

4 2As pressure increases, density increases

5 3As temperature increases, density decreases

6 4Water expands when it freezes

7 5Most changes are cyclic.

8 6Water is most dense at 4 C, when it is a liquid.

9 7The universe began with an explosion, "The Big Bang."

10 8The best model of the Earth is a sphere.

11 9The altitude of Polaris equals your latitude.

12 10 Our solar system is located on one of the outer arms of our Milky Way Galaxy.

13 1 Latitude lines go east-west, just like the equator, but measure distances north or south.

14 2 Longitude lines go northsouth, but measure distances east or west.

15 13 Longitude is based on observations of the sun.

16 14USE THE ESRTs.

17 5 The closer the isolines are the steeper the slope or gradient.

18 6 The earth rotates from west to east (24 hours).

19 17 The earth revolves counterclockwise (365 1/4 days).

20 8 All celestial objects appear to rise in the east and move west.

21 19 The moon has phases because it revolves around the earth (remember that only half is ever lit).

22 19 The moon has phases because it revolves around the earth (remember that only half is ever lit).

23 Planets appear to go backwards (retrograde) as the earth passes them in space.

24 Planets appear to go backwards (retrograde) as the earth passes them in space.

25 21 ummer solstice is June 21st.

26 2 Winter solstice is December 21st.

27 3 Equinoxes: March 21st September 23rd

28 4 Equator always has 12 hours of day-light.

29 25 The lower the altitude of the sun, the longer the shadow it casts.

30 6 Foucault's pendulum and the coriolis effect prove the earth rotates.

31 7 Earth is closest to the sun in January.

32 8 The closer a planet is to the sun the higher it's velocity.

33 29 USE THE ESRTs!

34 30 REMEMBER TO USE THE ESRTs!

35 31 Black and rough surfaces are the best absorbers and radiators.

36 32 The half-life of a radioactive element can't be changed.

37 33 Ocean crust is thin, dense, and made of basalt.

38 34 Continental crust is thick, less dense, and made of granite.

39 35 Energy moves from source to sink: high to low.

40 36 Mountains form by uplift, folding and faulting.

41

42 37 Chemical weathering occurs mostly in warm, humid climates.

43 37 Chemical weathering occurs mostly in warm, humid climates.

44 38 Physical weathering occurs mostly in cold, humid climates (good for ice wedging).

45 39 Air moves clockwise and outward around a high.

46 39 Air moves clockwise and H outward around a high.

47 40L Air moves counterclockwise and inward around a low.

48 41 Good absorbers of radiation are good radiators.

49 42 Hottest part of the year is in July.

50 43 Hottest part of the day is 1pm.

51 44 As temperature increases, air pressure decreases.

52 45 As moisture increases, pressure decreases.

53 46 Air pressure decreases with altitude.

54 47 Highs are cool and dry; H=Happy L=Lousy lows are warm and wet.

55 48 Wind is due to air pressure differences.

56 49L Wind blows from high to H TO

57 50 Wind is named from the Northeasterly wind

58 51 The accepted value is the correct answer, the measured value is the guess.

59 52 The closer the air temperature is to the dew point the greater the chance for precipitation.

60 53 Weather moves from west

61 54 Know your cold front.

62 55 Know your warm front.

63 56 Know your occluded front.

64 57

65 58 Porosity does not depend on

66 59 As particle size increases,

67 60 Capillarity increases when

68 61 Evapotranspiration depends

69 62 Dynamic equilibrium means

70 63 Increase in latitude and altitude

71 64 Vertical rays (overhead sun) can only occur between

72 65 Index fossils are good time markers (widely spread,

73 66

74 67 Large bodies of water moderate temperature

75 68 Expansional cooling/

76 69 Gravity causes most erosion.

77 70 Streams are the number one

78 71 Stream velocity depends on slope and discharge

79 72 Velocity is fastest on the

80 73 Heavy, round, and dense

81 74 Graded bedding (vertical sorting): biggest sediments

82 75 Glacial sediments are unsorted with scratches in a

83 76 Sedimentary rocks may have flat layers, are most likely to

84 77Igneous rocks: cools fast-small crystals, cools slow-large crystals.

85 78 Metamorphic: banded,

86 79 Mineral properties depend on internal atomic arrangement.

87 80

88 81 Isostasy: earth's crust in equilibrium (uplift & subsidence).

89 82 Mid-ocean ridge- New earth being

90 83 Trenches- Earth being

91 84

92 85 P-waves- Through solids & liquids, S-waves- Through

93 86 You need 3 seismometer stations to plot an earthquake.

94 87 In undisturbed layers, the bottom layer is oldest (Law of

95 88 Intrusion and faults are younger

96 89 Unconformity means erosion

97 90 Arid (dry) landscape: steep

98 91 Humid (wet) landscape:

99 92 When in doubt, see if the

100 93 Uranium 238 is used to

101 94 Carbon 14 is used to date

102 95 Convection currents in the

103 96 Always try to eliminate two

104 97 When a rock is broken into smaller pieces, surface area increases and weathering rate

105 98 Use complete sentences for

106 99 e familiar with this chart: Date Latitude of Sunʼs Direct Rays Direction of Sunrise/ Sunset Altitude of Noon Sun Length of Daylight Sep. 23 (Autumnal Equinox) Equator (0 ) Rises due east Sets due west hours Dec. 21 (Winter Solstice) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N) Rises in SE Sets in SW 28.5 (lowest) 8 hours (shortest day) Mar. 21 (Spring Equinox) Equator (0 ) Rises due east Sets due west hours June 2 (Summer Solstice) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S) Rises in NE Sets in NW 71.5 (highest) 16 hours (longest day)

107 HINTS FOR TAKING THE REGENTS EXAM AND DOING BETTER

108 100. USE THE REFERENCE TABLES! 101. Relax--You've already completed 15% of the exam Be sure to answer every question. At the end, if you have no idea, take a guess Take your time. You have three hours to do the exam 104. Read introductory paragraphs and study diagrams before looking at questions. Underline key words Draw diagrams to help you visualize the questions asked - where possible 106. Use a straight-edge to read graphics, to mark points on a graph and to measure distances If certain words cause confusion, cross them out and substitute a different word, then read the question again. (example: substitute the word "false" for "not true") 108. Don't leave any questions blank 109. Read all choices before deciding on an answer, sometimes a question has a good and a better answer. Always choose the best answer If you are not sure of an answer, try to eliminate choices that you think are clearly wrong and narrow down your choices. Then make your most careful guess Ask yourself: Is it in the reference tables, or can the reference tables help me? 112. Check your test a second time, but only change an answer if you find an obvious mistake. Your first choice is usually correct Look up formulas, even if you think you know them. Substitute information from the question into the formula. Most are on the front page of the reference tables Skip over hard questions that are stumping you. Go back to them later. Something else in the test may give you a clue to the harder problems Have a healthy meal for dinner the night before A good night sleep is as important as the above 115 items Relax-you've seen all this stuff before.