Why the Earth has seasons. Why the Earth has seasons 1/20/11

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Why the Earth has seasons. Why the Earth has seasons 1/20/11"

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Earth revolves in elliptical path around sun every 365 days. Earth rotates counterclockwise or eastward every 24 hours. Earth closest to Sun (147 million km) in January, farthest from Sun (152 million lm) in July. Distance does not have a major effect on the seasons. 2 The amount of energy that reaches the Earths surface is influence by the distance from the Sun, the solar angle, and the length of daylight. When the Earth tilts toward the sun in summer, higher solar angles and longer days equate to high temperatures

2 1/20/11 Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere Insolation: Incoming solar radiation Summer solstice: June 21, Sun directly above Tropic of Cancer, Northern Hemisphere days greater than 12 hours Winter solstice: December 21, Sun directly above Tropic of Capricorn, Northern Hemisphere days less than 12 hours Autumnal and Spring Equinox: September 22, Marc 20, Sun directly above Equator, all locations have a 12 hour day 7 9 Concordia University Geog/ Sci-381 Chapter Art Stepped Fig. 3-8, p. 63 Special Topic: First day of winter December 21 is the astronomical first day of winter, sun passes over the Tropic of Capricorn; not based on temperature. Indian Summer Middle of Autumn, especially in eastern 2/3 of US: Large high-pressure area stalls near southeast coast. Clockwise flow of air brings warm air from Gulf of Mexico

3 Local temperature variations Seasons in the Southern Hemisphere Opposite timing of Northern Hemisphere Closer to sun in summer but not significant difference from north due to: Greater amount of water absorbing heat Shorter season Southern exposure: warmer, drier locations because they are facing south. Implications for Vegetation Viniculture Ski slopes Landscaping Architecture Local temperature variations Environmental Issues: Solar Heating In order to collect enough energy from solar power to heat a house, the roof should be perpendicular to the winter sun. For the mid-latitudes the roof slant should be Each day like a tiny season with a cycle of heating and cooling Daytime heating Air poor conductor so initial heating only effects air next to ground As energy builds convection begins and heats higher portions of the atmosphere After atmosphere heats from convection high temperature 3-5PM; lag in temperature

4 Properties of soil: its moisture content and vegetative cover, affect the rate of conduction from Earth to atmosphere. Dry desert soil produces the hottest air above it: none of the solar energy is used to evaporate water, it just heats the soil/sand. Average maximum July temperature: Atlanta: 87 o F Phoenix: 105 o F Nighttime cooling As sun lowers, the lower solar angle causes insolation to be spread across a larger area Radiational cooling as infrared energy is emitted by the Earth s surface Radiation inversion: air near ground much cooler than air above Nighttime cooling Thermal belt: Coldest air settles into valleys, hillsides are warmer thermal belts

5 Protecting crops from cold Cover: Prevents radiation cooling Orchard Heaters (Smudge pots): Set up convection currents close to the ground. Fans: Mix cold ground air with warmer air above. During a freeze, sprinklers can coat branches and buds with a layer of ice. This keeps them at freezing temperature, which is better than the colder temp. of the air The controls of temperature Average Temperature Maps Isotherms: Lines of equal temperature Latitude: solar angle and day length Land & water Specific heat makes water bodies a heat sink: Eastern shores of the Great Lakes freeze later than the west. Ocean currents: warm and cold currents Elevation: cooling and increase range Average Temperature Maps Isotherms are closer in the winter: more variations in solar radiation by latitude. Air temperature data Daily, monthly, yearly temperature Daily Range: maximum minus minimum Large ranges occur in dry regions: Reno, NV = 45 o F Small ranges occur in humid regions or near water: Charleston, SC = 18 o F Smaller ranges occur in cities because of urban heat islands Other temperature data: Mean Daily, Annual Range, Mean Annual

6 Air temperature data Special topic: What s normal? Climate normal is the 30 year average for a given temperature variable Air temperature data The use of temperature data Heating degree-day: people heat when temperature below 65 F If mean daily temperature is 55 F, there is 10 heating degree-days on this day. Cooling degree-day: people cool when temperature above 65 F Growing degree-day: temperature above base temperature for specific crop Fig. 3-27, p

7 1/20/11 Air temperature and human comfort Sensible Temperature: Temperature perceived by humans. Body heats through metabolism Varies with wind and humidity. Wind-chill index Moving air removes warm thermal layer and increases evaporative cooling. Frostbite and Hypothermia Body cools through emitting infrared energy and evaporation of perspiration 37 Air temperature and human comfort Table 3-3, p.3881 Measuring air temperature Observation: 1000 degrees Thermometers: liquid-in-glass, maximum, minimum, electrical resistance, bimetallic ASOS Stations: Automated Surface Observing Systems (over 900 in use) Thin air at the top of the atmosphere does not have enough molecules to create a high temperature as measured by a thermometer. Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) Thermistors Infrared sensors 39 Measuring air temperature Homework for Chapter 2 Observation: Thermometers in the shade Chapter 3 Questions for Review, p. 85 Radiant energy from the Sun in direct Chapter 3 Questions for Thought, p. 86 #1, 3, 6, 10-12, 14, 16, 18, 20-22, 27 sunlight increases the temperature recorded by a sensor. True air temperature measured in the shade. 40 #1, 4, 8,

8 Project for Chapter 3 Project #2: Build a table comparing the average monthly temperatures for Seward with actual monthly temperatures measured by our weather station for each month for the years Calculate monthly averages for the seven years we have measured. Make a graph showing all data and comment on what you have found. Mean monthly temperatures for Seward:

SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES

SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES Chapter 3 Earth revolves in elliptical path around sun every 365 days. Earth rotates counterclockwise or eastward every 24 hours. Earth closest

More information

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3 Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations ATS351 Lecture 3 Earth-Sun Distance Change in distance has only a minimal effect on seasonal temperature. Note that during the N. hemisphere winter, we are CLOSER to

More information

Seasonal & Daily Temperatures

Seasonal & Daily Temperatures Seasonal & Daily Temperatures Photo MER Variations in energy input control seasonal and daily temperature fluctuations 1 Cause of the Seasons The tilt of the Earth s axis relative to the plane of its orbit

More information

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis!

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis! MONDAY AM Radiation, Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical (not circular) Seasons & Days Why do we have seasons? Why aren't seasonal temperatures highest at

More information

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault.

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault. NOTES ES, Rev,.notebook, and Rotates on an imaginary axis that runs from the to the South North Pole Pole vertically North The of the axis points to a point in space near day Pole Polaris night Responsible

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time

More information

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the

More information

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer Chapter 3 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, the daily

More information

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy.

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy. Fluid Circulation Review Vocabulary Absorption - taking in energy as in radiation. For example, the ground will absorb the sun s radiation faster than the ocean water. Air pressure Albedo - Dark colored

More information

Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate

Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate Name Section Coastal and Continental Temperature Ranges Lab # Introduction: There are large variations in average monthly temperatures among cities

More information

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic

More information

L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER)

L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER) L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER) 1. The apparent daily path of the Sun changes with the seasons because

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the primary reason New York State is warmer in July than in February? A) The altitude of the noon Sun is greater in February. B) The insolation in New York is greater in July. C) The Earth

More information

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D)

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D) 1. The hottest climates on Earth are located near the Equator because this region A) is usually closest to the Sun B) reflects the greatest amount of insolation C) receives the most hours of daylight D)

More information

5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69

5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69 Homework #2 Due 9/19/14 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, what would the daily mean temperature be? (Page Ref: 66) 2) How is the annual mean

More information

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Chapter 2 Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Topics Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What happens to Incoming Solar Radiation? Radiation Emitted by the

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

Which Earth latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation when Earth is at the position shown in the diagram? A) 0 B) 23 N C) 55 N D) 90 N

Which Earth latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation when Earth is at the position shown in the diagram? A) 0 B) 23 N C) 55 N D) 90 N 1. In which list are the forms of electromagnetic energy arranged in order from longest to shortest wavelengths? A) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light B) radio waves, infrared rays, visible

More information

Aim: What causes Seasons?

Aim: What causes Seasons? Notepack 28 Aim: What causes Seasons? Do Now: What is the difference between revolution and rotation? Earth s rotation The Earth rotates on its axis (imaginary vertical line around which Earth spins) every

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Energy Balance and Temperature. Ch. 3: Energy Balance. Ch. 3: Temperature. Controls of Temperature

Energy Balance and Temperature. Ch. 3: Energy Balance. Ch. 3: Temperature. Controls of Temperature Energy Balance and Temperature 1 Ch. 3: Energy Balance Propagation of Radiation Transmission, Absorption, Reflection, Scattering Incoming Sunlight Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation and Energy Balance Net

More information

Energy Balance and Temperature

Energy Balance and Temperature Energy Balance and Temperature 1 Ch. 3: Energy Balance Propagation of Radiation Transmission, Absorption, Reflection, Scattering Incoming Sunlight Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation and Energy Balance Net

More information

C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will increase.

C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will increase. 1. Which event is a direct result of Earth's revolution? A) the apparent deflection of winds B) the changing of the Moon phases C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) the

More information

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming

More information

L.O Students will learn about factors that influences the environment

L.O Students will learn about factors that influences the environment Name L.O Students will learn about factors that influences the environment Date 1. At the present time, glaciers occur mostly in areas of A) high latitude or high altitude B) low latitude or low altitude

More information

Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide

Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons 1. Know what is responsible for the change in seasons on Earth. 2. Be able to determine seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres given the position

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The

More information

Factors That Affect Climate

Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude (horizontal lines) increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The tropical zone is between the tropic of Cancer and

More information

5. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B)

5. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B) 1. Which factor has the greatest influence on the number of daylight hours that a particular Earth surface location receives? A) longitude B) latitude C) diameter of Earth D) distance from the Sun 2. In

More information

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Or, what happens to the energy received from the sun? First We Need to Understand The Ways in Which Heat Can be Transferred in the Atmosphere

More information

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere?

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere? The Atmosphere Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate Where is the atmosphere? Everywhere! Completely surrounds Earth February 20, 2010 What makes up the atmosphere? Argon Inert gas 1% Variable

More information

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate. (Pg )

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate. (Pg ) Chapter 4: Weather & Climate (Pg. 54 73) Introduction: Distinguish between the terms weather & climate. P. 54 Weather: the state of the atmosphere at any one place or time. (short term) Climate: the average

More information

Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp in Class Notes

Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp in Class Notes Topic # 11 HOW CLIMATE WORKS continued (Part II) pp 61-67 in Class Notes To drive the circulation, the initial source of energy is from the Sun: Not to scale! EARTH- SUN Relationships 4 Things to Know

More information

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The earth emits terrestrial radiation a) only at night b) all the time c) only during winter d) only over the continents 2. If an imbalance occurs between

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics 17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases

More information

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions 9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather

More information

Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan

Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dd_8jm5ptlk https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/sunearth.html https://www.time.gov/ https://www.space.com/33790-harvest-moon-guide.html

More information

ARCH 1250 APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. CLASS TWO - CLIMATE Macroclimate and Microclimate

ARCH 1250 APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. CLASS TWO - CLIMATE Macroclimate and Microclimate APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CLASS TWO - Macroclimate and Microclimate Part 1: Climate Overview John Seitz, RA, LEED AP Assistant Adjunct Professor Professor Paul C. King, RA, AIA, ARA Assistant Professor

More information

CHAPTER 3. The sun and the seasons. Locating the position of the sun

CHAPTER 3. The sun and the seasons. Locating the position of the sun zenith 90 observer summer solstice 75 altitude angles equinox 52 winter solstice 29 Figure 3.1: Solar noon altitude angles for Melbourne SOUTH winter midday shadow WEST summer midday shadow summer EAST

More information

World Geography Chapter 3

World Geography Chapter 3 World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers

More information

Topic # 12 How Climate Works

Topic # 12 How Climate Works Topic # 12 How Climate Works A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes How do we get energy from this........ to drive

More information

A) usually less B) dark colored and rough D) light colored with a smooth surface A) transparency of the atmosphere D) rough, black surface

A) usually less B) dark colored and rough D) light colored with a smooth surface A) transparency of the atmosphere D) rough, black surface 1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows two identical houses, A and B, in a city in North Carolina. One house was built on the east side of a factory, and the other

More information

Exercise 6. Solar Panel Orientation EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Introduction to the importance of solar panel orientation DISCUSSION

Exercise 6. Solar Panel Orientation EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Introduction to the importance of solar panel orientation DISCUSSION Exercise 6 Solar Panel Orientation EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will understand how the solar illumination at any location on Earth varies over the course of a year. You

More information

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 Size of the Earth s Atmosphere Atmosphere produced over 4.6 billion years of development Protects us from radiation Completely surrounds the earth

More information

World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review

World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review 1. Does this statement use the terms revolve & rotate correctly? "Saturn revolves on its axis while several moons rotate around it." 2. Does this statement use the

More information

Weather and Climate A B1

Weather and Climate A B1 Weather and Climate A B1 1. What causes the Coriolis effect? (1) Earth s tilt on its axis (2) the spin of Earth on its axis (3) the orbital motion of the Moon around Earth (4) the orbital motion of Earth

More information

Lecture 4 Air Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Surface & Air Temperature. Environmental Contrasts 3/27/2012

Lecture 4 Air Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Surface & Air Temperature. Environmental Contrasts 3/27/2012 Lecture 4 Air Temperature Geo210 An Introduction to Physical Geography Temperature Concepts and Measurement Temperature the average kinetic energy (motion) of molecules of matter Temperature Scales Fahrenheit

More information

Lesson Overview. Climate. Lesson Overview. 4.1 Climate

Lesson Overview. Climate. Lesson Overview. 4.1 Climate Lesson Overview 4.1 THINK ABOUT IT When you think about climate, you might think of dramatic headlines: Hurricane Katrina floods New Orleans! or Drought parches the Southeast! But big storms and seasonal

More information

Objective 3: Earth and Space Systems

Objective 3: Earth and Space Systems Name Class Period: Objective 3: Earth and Space Systems 1. The diagram above shows the orbit of the moon around Earth. At which point in the moon s orbit will a person standing on Earth see a waxing crescent

More information

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University! Earth s two principal

More information

Seasons Page 520. A. What Causes Seasons?

Seasons Page 520. A. What Causes Seasons? Seasons Page 520 A. What Causes Seasons? 1. Seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth s axis as it moves around the sun. 2. Seasons happen because the Earth is tilted on its axis at a 23.5 angle. 3.

More information

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3.

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere Composition 99% of the atmosphere is within 30km of the Earth s surface. N 2 78% and O 2 21% The percentages represent a constant amount of gas but cycles of destruction

More information

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December INSOLATION REVIEW 1. The map below shows isolines of average daily insolation received in calories per square centimeter per minute at the Earth s surface. If identical solar collectors are placed at the

More information

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high Weather Vocabulary Vocabulary Term Meaning/Definition air mass * large bodies of air that have the similar properties throughout such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure; causes most of the weather

More information

What Is the Relationship Between Earth s Tilt and the Seasons?

What Is the Relationship Between Earth s Tilt and the Seasons? Learning Set 2 Why Are There Differences in Temperature? Review Images and Graphics While reading about Earth s tilt and the seasons, pay particular attention to the graphics included. How do they help

More information

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation 1. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A) half-life B) temperature C) wavelength D) wave velocity 2. In New York State, the risk of sunburn is greatest between

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 3 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

Chapter 8 Circulation of the Atmosphere

Chapter 8 Circulation of the Atmosphere Chapter 8 Circulation of the Atmosphere The Atmosphere Moves in Response to Uneven Solar Heating and Earth s s Rotation Solar Radiation - initial source of energy to the Earth. It can be absorbed, reflected

More information

3) What is the difference between latitude and longitude and what is their affect on local and world weather and climate?

3) What is the difference between latitude and longitude and what is their affect on local and world weather and climate? www.discoveryeducation.com 1) Describe the difference between climate and weather citing an example of each. Describe how water (ocean, lake, river) has a local effect on weather and climate and provide

More information

Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons

Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons Solar Radiation and Insolation Insolation: In Sol ation The Sun is the primary source of energy for the earth. The rate at which energy is radiated is called Intensity

More information

Chapter 3 Packet. and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution

Chapter 3 Packet. and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution Name Chapter 3 Packet Sequence Section 1 Seasons and Weather : and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution solstice - begins summer in N. hemisphere, longest day winter

More information

Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons

Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons page - 1 Section A - Introduction: This lab consists of both computer-based and noncomputer-based questions dealing with atmospheric

More information

Global Weather Trade Winds etc.notebook February 17, 2017

Global Weather Trade Winds etc.notebook February 17, 2017 Global Weather 1 north pole northern hemisphere equator southern hemisphere south pole 2 We have seasons because of the Earth's tilt The seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres winter

More information

What factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow

What factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow What factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow Energy from the Sun (mostly light and heat) radiates to Earth SUN 150 x 10 6 km (92 x 10 6 mi) EARTH Challenge: If the speed of light is 300,000 km/sec,

More information

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Understanding Weather and Climate Aguado and Burt Influences on Insolation Absorption Reflection/Scattering Transmission 1 Absorption An absorber gains energy

More information

Chapter 2--Warming the Earth and the Atmosphere

Chapter 2--Warming the Earth and the Atmosphere Chapter 2--Warming the Earth and the Atmosphere Student: 1. Which of the following provides a measure of the average speed of air molecules? A. pressure B. temperature C. density D. heat 2. A change of

More information

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere The Atmosphere Structure/Layers Contains 4 major layers See E.S.R.T pg 14 o Troposphere All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere o Stratosphere Contains

More information

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Chapter The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Geologists have uncovered evidence of when Earth was first able to support oxygenrich atmosphere similar to what we experience today and more so, take

More information

The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1)

The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1) Weather Dynamics Weather Dynamics: The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1) 2) 3) What's the difference between weather and climate? Weather -. ex. weeks weather in St. John's ion January

More information

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHAPTER 4 HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Heat is *a. the name given to the energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. b. the equivalent of

More information

Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes

Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes Topic # 12 Natural Climate Processes A Primer on How the Energy Balance Drives Atmospheric & Oceanic Circulation, Natural Climatic Processes pp 63-68 in Class Notes RADIATION / ENERGY BALANCE Radiation

More information

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun Insolation and Temperature variation Atmosphere: blanket of air surrounding earth Without our atmosphere: cold, quiet, cratered place Dynamic: currents and circulation cells June 23, 2008 Atmosphere important

More information

Meteorology Practice Test

Meteorology Practice Test Meteorology Practice Test 1. Transition zones between two air masses of different densities are called what? 2. A front occurs when a cold air mass replaces a warmer one. 3. A front occurs when a warm

More information

Weather Final Review Page 1

Weather Final Review Page 1 Weather Final Review Name 1. Which change would cause a decrease in the amount of insolation absorbed at Earths surface? A) a decrease in cloud cover B) a decrease in atmospheric transparency C) an increase

More information

Solutions Manual to Exercises for Weather & Climate, 8th ed. Appendix A Dimensions and Units 60 Appendix B Earth Measures 62 Appendix C GeoClock 63

Solutions Manual to Exercises for Weather & Climate, 8th ed. Appendix A Dimensions and Units 60 Appendix B Earth Measures 62 Appendix C GeoClock 63 Solutions Manual to Exercises for Weather & Climate, 8th ed. 1 Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere 1 2 Earth Sun Geometry 4 3 The Surface Energy Budget 8 4 The Global Energy Budget 10 5 Atmospheric Moisture

More information

The Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8

The Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate In its most general sense, climate is the average weather of a region, but except where conditions change very little during the course

More information

Name: Climate Date: EI Niño Conditions

Name: Climate Date: EI Niño Conditions Name: Date: Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the maps and the passage below. The maps show differences in trade wind strength, ocean current direction, and water temperature associated with air-pressure

More information

Chapter 3: Temperature

Chapter 3: Temperature Chapter 3: Temperature Elements of WAC (Basic Measurable Properties) 1. Temperature of Air 2. Humidity of Air 3. Cloud Cover (type and amount) 4. Precipitation (type and amount) 5. Air Pressure 6. Wind

More information

LAB: What Events Mark the Beginning of Each Season?

LAB: What Events Mark the Beginning of Each Season? Name: Date: LAB: What Events Mark the Beginning of Each Season? The relationship between the Sun and Earth have been used since antiquity to measure time. The day is measured by the passage of the Sun

More information

What causes the seasons? 2/11/09

What causes the seasons? 2/11/09 2/11/09 We can recognize solstices and equinoxes by Sun s path across sky: Summer solstice: Highest path, rise and set at most extreme north of due east. Winter solstice: Lowest path, rise and set at most

More information

LAB 2: Earth Sun Relations

LAB 2: Earth Sun Relations LAB 2: Earth Sun Relations Name School The amount of solar energy striking the Earth s atmosphere is not uniform; distances, angles and seasons play a dominant role on this distribution of radiation. Needless

More information

TILT, DAYLIGHT AND SEASONS WORKSHEET

TILT, DAYLIGHT AND SEASONS WORKSHEET TILT, DAYLIGHT AND SEASONS WORKSHEET Activity Description: Students will use a data table to make a graph for the length of day and average high temperature in Utah. They will then answer questions based

More information

Guided Notes Weather. Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models

Guided Notes Weather. Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models Guided Notes Weather Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models. 1. What is weather? Weather: short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area at a specific time

More information

Climate and the Atmosphere

Climate and the Atmosphere Climate and Biomes Climate Objectives: Understand how weather is affected by: 1. Variations in the amount of incoming solar radiation 2. The earth s annual path around the sun 3. The earth s daily rotation

More information

Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation

Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation Chapter 2 Solar and Infrared Radiation Chapter overview: Fluxes Energy transfer Seasonal and daily changes in radiation Surface radiation budget Fluxes Flux (F): The transfer of a quantity per unit area

More information

Seasons Quiz Please Do Not Write on this Paper Obrigado

Seasons Quiz Please Do Not Write on this Paper Obrigado Seasons Quiz Please Do Not Write on this Paper Obrigado Use this diagram of the sun and Earth's path around the sun to answer the next two questions. The N indicates North and Earth is traveling from A

More information

S CIENCE O VERVIEW. 59 Lesson Plan. Standards Benchmarks. Science Overview. Lesson Overview. Answer Key. Resources. My Angle on Cooling ME S S EN G ER

S CIENCE O VERVIEW. 59 Lesson Plan. Standards Benchmarks. Science Overview. Lesson Overview. Answer Key. Resources. My Angle on Cooling ME S S EN G ER S CIENCE O VERVIEW There are many different ways to cope with being in the presence of a hot object. A familiar one is to move away from it so that you do not feel its heat as strongly. Another is to change

More information

Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy

Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy The light that comes to Earth from distant objects is the best tool that astronomers can use to learn about the universe. In most cases, there is no other way to study

More information

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson.

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson. Lesson 211: EARTH'S SEASONS Students learn the complex geometry and planetary motions that cause Earth to have four distinct seasons. Fundamental Questions Attempting to give thorough and reasonable answers

More information

Thermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds

Thermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds Thermal / Solar Light from the Sun is transformed into what type of energy when it hits Earth's surface? Rises When air is warmed it... Solar Energy Water moves through the water cycle using what type

More information

Science Chapter 13,14,15

Science Chapter 13,14,15 Science 1206 Chapter 13,14,15 1 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at

More information

( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);

( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law); ATMO 336 -- Exam 3 120 total points including take-home essay Name The following equations and relationships may prove useful. F d1 =F d2 d 2 2 ( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);! MAX = 0.29 " 104 µmk (Wien's

More information

3. The map below shows an eastern portion of North America. Points A and B represent locations on the eastern shoreline.

3. The map below shows an eastern portion of North America. Points A and B represent locations on the eastern shoreline. 1. Most tornadoes in the Northern Hemisphere are best described as violently rotating columns of air surrounded by A) clockwise surface winds moving toward the columns B) clockwise surface winds moving

More information

Energy and Seasons A B1. 9. Which graph best represents the general relationship between latitude and average surface temperature?

Energy and Seasons A B1. 9. Which graph best represents the general relationship between latitude and average surface temperature? Energy and Seasons A B1 1. Which type of surface absorbs the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun? (1) smooth, shiny, and light colored (2) smooth, shiny, and dark colored (3) rough,

More information

LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS

LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS Note: Please refer to the GETTING STARTED lab module to learn how to maneuver through and answer the lab questions using the Google Earth ( KEY TERMS You should

More information