March 21. Observer located at 42 N. Horizon
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1 March 21 Sun Observer located at 42 N Horizon 48
2 June 21 March 21 A S 23.5 S N 42 N 90 N Equator
3 (June 21) C (March 21) B A Horizon 24.5 Observer
4 Sun 40 Observer
5 Sun 22 Observer
6 Sun 31 Observer
7 Sun 54 Observer
8
9 Flashlight Flashlight Area B Area A Globe
10 50
11 70
12 30
13 90
14 Apparent Diameter of the Sun During the Year Date Apparent Diameter ( ' = minutes '' = seconds) January 1 February 10 March 20 April 20 May 30 June 30 August 10 September 20 November 10 December 30 32'32'' 32'25'' 32'07'' 31'50'' 31'33'' 31'28'' 31'34'' 31'51'' 32'18'' 32'32''
15 Duration of Daylight (hr) Duration of Daylight Hours Throughout the Year at Various Locations Spring equinox March 21 Summer solstice June 21 Fall equinox September 23 Winter solstice December 21 J F M A M J J A S O N D Months Caracas 11 N Mexico City 19 N New Orleans 30 N Denver 40 N Edmonton 54 N
16 Observer Duration of Insolation March 21 Duration of Insolation June 21 W 12 hr 0 hr X 12 hr 12 hr Y 12 hr 18 hr Z 12 hr 24 hr
17 N Sun s rays S
18 Diagram 1 N Equator C N Day Arctic Circle Night B N Sun D Night Day N A
19 6 p.m. 8 p.m. 4 p.m. 10 p.m. 2 p.m. Midnight North Pole Noon Sun s rays 2 a.m. 10 a.m. 4 a.m. A 6 a.m. 8 a.m. Direction of rotation
20 Diagram 2 Sun s rays Noon E March 21
21 Point X North Pole Sun s rays Direction of rotation
22 Point X North Pole Sun s rays Direction of rotation
23 Mars Earth Sun (Not drawn to scale)
24 Earth Light rays from Sun North Pole
25 Sun s apparent path z Sun s actual position S Observer N
26 N Sun s rays S
27 66 o N North Pole Sun s rays 23 o N Equator 23 o S 66 o S South Pole
28 Ceiling of room Pivotal point of attachment Swinging pendulum Floor Ring of pegs
29
30 Swing Floor 0 2 Apparent change in pendulum direction hours
31 Stick Pail Weight Stool
32 Wire 200 feet long Swing Steel ball hours Floor
33 B A H C Star G D E F
34 Force of Gravity J F M A M J Month J A S O N D
35 Gravitational Attraction Distance
36 Star Distance = 1 Planet B Mass = 2
37 d
38 Date Data Table Hours of Daylight Altitude of the Sun at Noon ( ) January February March April May June July August September October November December
39 City Panama City, Panama Mexico City, Mexico Tampa, Florida Memphis, Tennessee Winnipeg, Canada Churchill, Canada Fairbanks, Alaska Data Table Latitude ( N) Duration of Daylight (hr)
40
41 Intensity of Insolation Noontime Altitude of the Sun
42 Intensity of Insolation 0 90 Angle of Insolation
43 Latitude Day 1 Duration of Insolation (hours) Day 2 Duration of Insolation (hours) Day 3 Duration of Insolation (hours) 90 N N N N N N N N N
44 2d
45 90 Altitude of Sun ( ) a.m. 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. midnight Time on December 21
46 Sun s actual position z Sun s apparent path S Observer S
47 Sun s Sun s actual apparent position path z S Observer N
48 W Location A Mar 21 Sep 23 Jun 21 Dec 21 N E Observer S
49 Location C S S Observer Jun 21 S Mar 21 Sep 23 S
50 W Location B Jun 21 Mar 21 Sep 23 Dec 21 E N Observer S S
51 Pin 8 a.m. Noon 10 a.m. Pin shadows (Drawn to scale)
52 B N D A N Sun N N C
53 A D Sun C Earth B (Not drawn to scale)
54 N Earth at perihelion S Sun N S Earth at aphelion (Not drawn to scale)
55 Equator A North Pole Equator I I I D Sun I I I I North Pole I I North Pole North Pole C Equator B Equator (Not drawn to scale)
56 N Equator C N Day Arctic Circle Night B N Sun D Night Day N A
57 A E Equator B North Pole Arctic Circle Sun D C
58 C NP B NP A Sun NP D NP
59 C D Satellite Planet B A (Not drawn to scale)
60 Position D N Position A N S Sun N Position C S N S S Position B
61 D B A Sun C
62 A B H Equator C North Pole Arctic Circle Sun G D F E
63 D N A N Sun N N C B
64 A North Pole B North Pole Sun North Pole D North Pole C
65 Diagram I September 23 Shadow Vertical stick N Cardboard Shadow Vertical stick Diagram II December 21 N Cardboard Shadow Vertical stick Diagram III March 21 N Cardboard Shadow length = 10 cm Shadow length = 17.5 cm Shadow length = 10 cm
66 Length of Shadow Sunrise Noon Sunset
67 C B A D
68 Zenith Noon Sun West South July 21 Observer North East Horizon
69 Earth on May 1 90 N 45 N 30 N N 60 N Sun s rays 15 N 75 0 Equator Night Day
70 N Sun s rays S
71 Sun s rays A North Pole Axis B Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Antarctic Circle South Pole Equator Tropic of Capricorn
72 Sept 10 Sept 19 Sept 30 Oct 8 Oct 25 Nov 20 Nov 25 Dec 9 Dec 21 Horizon
73
74 A B C Horizon Northeast East Southeast
75 Latitude 30 N 40 N 50 N 60 N Data Table Azimuths of Sunrise and Sunset sunrise 69 sunset 291 sunrise 66 sunset 294 sunrise 61 sunset 299 sunrise 51 sunset 309 Letter Code A B C D E F G H
76 Solar noon Solar noon Solar noon September 23 June 21 Sun s apparent path December 21 S W Observer N E
77 Polaris S E W Observer N
78 March 21 June 21 Dec 21 West Sunset South Observer North East Sunrise
79 Shadow Cast on March 21
80 Sun's apparent path Sun's present position Zenith Apparent position of Polaris South North
81 June March, September December N S
82 Sun directly overhead at noon South West Sun Path of Observer East North
83 Sun's present position Sun's apparent path Zenith Apparent position of Polaris South South
84 Sun's present position Zenith Apparent position of Polaris South Sun's apparent path North
85 Solar noon Polaris Sun s path West South 0 Observer 0 North East
86 Sun's present position Zenith Apparent position of Polaris South Sun's apparent path North
87 Sun s apparent path Zenith 2 South 1 3 West 4 Observer North East
88 Sunrise Noon Sunset
89 Noon Sun N Observer E Dec 21 S W
90 W S N E
91 N Pole Sun s rays
92 S Pole Sun s rays
93 S Pole N Pole Sun s rays
94 N Pole Sun s rays S Pole
95 Horizon Sun South West
96 Equator Tropic North Pole Arctic Circle of Cancer
97 North Pole Sun s rays Equator
98 N Sun s rays S
99 B A Sun's direct rays C Equator D E Earth
100
101 N Equator A 66.5 S
102 North Pole N N N A Night B Equator Day 43 Sun s rays 90 0 C Sun s apparent positions at noon S D S (Not drawn to scale) South Pole
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