Observations vs. Inferences. Density. Rate of Change / Gradient

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Observations vs. Inferences. Density. Rate of Change / Gradient"

Transcription

1 Observations vs. Inferences Observations: perceptions/facts that can be seen or measured with senses or instruments In addition to this review, study ALL previous TESTS, Quizzes, labs, handouts and notes. Use the questions from tests, quizzes, and your workbook as practice. On the day of your exam, you must have pens, pencils, your ESRT, a calculator, and a ruler. : assumption/conclusion based on observations/facts Measurements: use the ESRT for equations and conversions Page 13: Temperature conversions o Fscale is in s, o Cand K by s Density ESRT pg. D = mass/volume High density Low density Density of water (ESRT pg. 1) = 1.0g/mL Warm air/liquid has density; Cool air/liquid has density; EXCEPTION: WATER IS MOST DENSE IN LIQUID FORM (4 O C) Pressure, Density Temp., Density Rate of Change / Gradient ESRT pg. RoC or Gradient = Change in Values (subtract) distance or time Steep Slope/Gradient when isolines are close together 1

2 Earth s Changes Most of Earth s changes are: Predictable Ex: moon phases, sun rise/set, seasons, tides, rocks, etc. Measuring Earth Earth s shape is an In a diagram it looks like a sphere/circle Don t confuse Earth s shape with the shape of its orbit/revolution a slightly eccentric. ESRT pg. 15 mass, density, & diameter Evidence of shape: sinking ships, ALTITUDE OF POLARIS = LATITUDE OF OBSERVER Measuring Earth Earth s composition by mass/volume ESRT page (also pg. 10) Spheres of Earth lithosphere (crust), hydrosphere (water), & atmosphere (air) Properties of Earth s atmosphere: ESRT page ESRT pg. 15 mass, density, & diameter Spheres of Earth Atmosphere air; ESRT pages 1 & 14 Lithosphere crust; ESRT pages 1, 5, & 10 Hydrosphere water; ESRT page 1 & 4 (currents) 2

3 Latitude / Longitude ALTITUDE OF POLARIS (North Star) = LATITUDE OF OBSERVER (in N. Hemisphere) Latitude drawn left to rt.; measures above/below equator ; read up & down Equator s latitude = o North Pole = o N NY Latitude ESRT page (40 o 45 o N); you can locate NY cities latitude using this map Latitude / Longitude Longitude (drawn up & down) is read right & left ESRT page 3: NY s longitude 72 o 79 o Prime Meridian = o International Date Line = o Every o Longitude = 1 hour time difference (West Less, East Increase) Rotation Earth rotates (spins) on axis from West to East Rotation causes apparent changes. 24 hours ESRT pg. 15 Night/day; DAILY path of stars FOUCAULT PENDULUM = ROTATION CORIOLIS EFFECT = ROTATION Field/Topographic Maps Take Notes on the following Isolines lines connection points of equal value Isotherm (temp.) Isobar (pressure) Contour lines (elevation) You will be asked to connect the dots & calculate the gradient (ESRT pg. 1) 3

4 Field Map Symbols Streams flow from to elevations a V shape will bend around and point in its direction Circles around each other represent hills/mountains Depression lines at the top of a hill, show a decrease in elevation (volcano hole) The the lines, the steeper the slope, faster the winds, etc. Use the contour interval & distance keys on the bottom Calculate gradient ESRT page ; measure using a RULER, convert using the key Big Bang Theory Galaxies/planets formed by an explosion Proof: Radiation/ Shift (moving FURTHER away) & the Doppler Effect Blue shift means moving closer Wavelengths: ESRT page Stars Energy comes from ESRT pg. 15; luminosity, size, color, temp. Group forms a constellation Space Universe Galaxy Solar System Planets/Stars We are in the Milky Way Galaxy Sun is the ONLY STAR in our solar system Star Data: ESRT pg. (note: temp. decreases from left to right) Planet Data: ESRT pg. 4

5 Models of the Solar System Geocentric: is the center Heliocentric: the is the center Ellipse Shape of our orbit ESRT pg. 1 Eccentricity = dist. Btwn foci/length axis Use a in cm and answer to the nearest thousandth (3 # s after the decimal) Eccentricity should be BETWEEN & 1.0; if it s greater than 1, your answer is WRONG! ESRT pg. 15 (eccentricity of orbit) Ecc. Close to 0 = circle Ecc. Close to 1 = line The SUN is always one in our solar system Revolution Orbit around sun ESRT pg. 15 Counterclockwise days Causes SEASONS & seasonal constellations, along with the 23.5 o tilt DO NOT CONFUSE ROTATION & REVOLUTION KNOW THIS North Pole is tilted towards the sun in northern hemisphere (June 21) North Pole is tilted away from the sun in northern hemisphere (December 21) Equinoxes equal day/night (March 21 & September 23) 5

6 Seasons KNOW THIS Equinoxes: March 21 st & Sept. 23 rd sun rises to equal day/night Summer Solstice: June 21 st sun rises to ; longest day Winter Solstice: December 21 st sun rises SE to SW; shortest day; closest to sun Equator always has 12 hrs. daylight Shadows Lower altitude of sun = longer shadow Longest shadows in WINTER Moon Phases Moon phases: the lit part of the moon seen from Earth; caused by the moon s revolution around Earth Moon phases are CYCLIC &. 6

7 Tides Due to pull of gravity (earth/moon) Occur about every 6 hours Greatest tides (Spring tides) are when the sun, Earth, & moon are aligned Lowest tides are when the Earth, moon, and sun form right angles Eclipses Lunar sun, Earth, moon Solar sun, moon, earth New Moon: eclipse Full Moon: eclipse Energy Wavelengths: ESRT page 14 Conduction: heat transfer in due to molecules colliding (ex: touching a hot pan) Convection: circular movement of liquids and gases due to Warm density rises, cool density sinks ESRT page 14 shows convection currents in the troposphere Radiation Radiation: heat transfer through EM waves (sunlight) Most radiation is by dark & rough/textured surfaces Radiation is by light & smooth surfaces 7

8 Specific Heat Specific Heat: ESRT page 1; water has the specific heat; takes longer to heat and longer to cool ESRT page 1: Properties of Water how many joules required to melt, evaporate, condense, vaporize Insolation Insolation short wavelengths of incoming solar radiation You MUST KNOW the diagrams that depict Earth s tilt/orbit & the seasons (pages 106 & 118) Greenhouse Effect: Earth s greenhouse gases insulate the Earth An increase in carbon emissions (from burning fossil fuels) causes an increase in the amount of heat kept in Earth s atmosphere (reflected long waves on infrared radiation are kept in) Layer: acts as a filter of UV rays Changes Daily changes in weather are affected by our seasons ESRT page 13 temperature (thermometer) conversions; use a ruler ESRT page 14 Troposphere shows planetary winds; named for the direction from which they originate from (ex: NW winds come from the ) Measurements: thermometer temperature, barometer pressure Windward / Leeward Windward: cool, wet air rises, expands, cools, condenses, forms clouds & precipitation Dry, Warmer Leeward air sinks & compresses 8

9 Winds Coriolis Effect: winds curve to in Northern Hemisphere Winds to in Southern Hemisphere Heat Budget between the energy Earth gains & loses Earth gets energy from the sun s radiation (short waves) & interior heat Energy is lost when it is released (bounced) back (terrestrial long waves) Global Warming Rising in the Earth s average temperature Caused by production of more (CO 2, CH 3 (Methane), H 2 O vapor) More Greenhouse gases = elevated greenhouse effect = global warming Main cause: (factories, power plants, car exhaust) produces more CO 2 El Nino Every 2 10 years waters of Eastern Pacific Ocean (South America) are replaced with waters Causes a warming event leading to flooding, then droughts, and heat waves; marine life dies La Niña (opposite) leads to cooler climates than normal 9

MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM ANSWERS

MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM ANSWERS MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM ANSWERS 1. (2) Location B shows that the altitude of the noon Sun increases between Dec 21. and June 21. Location B also shows that the Dec. 21 noon Sun is at an altitude of approximately

More information

MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM

MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM MIDTERM PRACTICE EXAM PART I Multiple Choice Answer all questions in this part [60 pts] Directions (1-30): For each statement of question, select the word or expression that best completes the statement

More information

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics 17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases

More information

10-20 billion years old

10-20 billion years old Universe : 10-20 billion years old Big Bang Theory * the universe started at a single point * that point was extremely dense * it became unstable and expanded outward * The universe is still expanding

More information

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy.

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy. Fluid Circulation Review Vocabulary Absorption - taking in energy as in radiation. For example, the ground will absorb the sun s radiation faster than the ocean water. Air pressure Albedo - Dark colored

More information

3. This room is located in a building in New York State. On which side of the building is the window located? (1) north (3) east (2) south (4) west

3. This room is located in a building in New York State. On which side of the building is the window located? (1) north (3) east (2) south (4) west 1. The planetary winds in Earth s Northern Hemisphere generally curve to the right due to Earth s (1) orbit around the Sun (2) spin on its axis (3) magnetic field (4) force of gravity Base your answers

More information

The rock probably formed 200million years ago. The mineral sample is purple.

The rock probably formed 200million years ago. The mineral sample is purple. Midterm Study Guide 1) Intro to Earth Science (Chapters 1& 2) a) Fact (observation) vs. Inference (assumption/hypothesis) Recognize whether a statement is a fact or an inference. For example: The rock

More information

MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS - PACKET #2 (75 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)

MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS - PACKET #2 (75 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS - PACKET #2 (75 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) 1. Which graph best represents the effect that heating has on air density in the atmosphere? 2. An empty 250-milliliter beaker has a

More information

UNIT 3: EARTH S MOTIONS

UNIT 3: EARTH S MOTIONS UNIT 3: EARTH S MOTIONS After Unit 3 you should be able to: o Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the Earth o Apply the rates of rotation and revolution to basic problems o Recall the evidence

More information

Syosset High School Midterm Review

Syosset High School Midterm Review Mass (g) Romano Name Syosset High School Midterm Review Topic 1 - Measurement and Graphing 1. As the temperature of a body of air increases, its density and the air will. (increases, decreases, remains

More information

3. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth as viewed from above the North Pole.

3. The diagram below shows the Moon at four positions in its orbit around Earth as viewed from above the North Pole. 1. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered (geocentric) and Sun-centered (heliocentric) models of our solar system? (1) Polaris (3) the Sun (2) Venus (4) the Moon 2. A cycle of Moon phases

More information

astronomy A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.

astronomy A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. astronomy 2008 1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. 5. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun were

More information

Mapping Earth Review Note Cards

Mapping Earth Review Note Cards Review Note Cards Spheres of Earth Atmosphere- Layer of gases Hydrosphere- All liquid water Lithosphere- Solid surface Biosphere-Living Portion Cryosphere-Ice Portion Evidence that the Earth is Round The

More information

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault.

November 20, NOTES ES Rotation, Rev, Tilt.notebook. vertically. night. night. counterclockwise. counterclockwise. East. Foucault. NOTES ES, Rev,.notebook, and Rotates on an imaginary axis that runs from the to the South North Pole Pole vertically North The of the axis points to a point in space near day Pole Polaris night Responsible

More information

Astronomy Review. Use the following four pictures to answer questions 1-4.

Astronomy Review. Use the following four pictures to answer questions 1-4. Astronomy Review Use the following four pictures to answer questions 1-4. 1. Put an X through the pictures that are NOT possible. 2. Circle the picture that could be a lunar eclipse. 3. Triangle the picture

More information

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the

More information

Chapter 3 Packet. and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution

Chapter 3 Packet. and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution Name Chapter 3 Packet Sequence Section 1 Seasons and Weather : and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution solstice - begins summer in N. hemisphere, longest day winter

More information

WEATHER. Review Note Cards

WEATHER. Review Note Cards WEATHER Review Note Cards Thermometer Weather instrument that measures air temperature Units include F, C, and K ESRT 13 Sling Psychrometer Weather instrument that measures relative humidity and dewpoint

More information

Name: Latitude/ Longitude Stuff To Know

Name: Latitude/ Longitude Stuff To Know Name: Latitude/ Longitude Stuff To Know Lat/ Long (notes p1) Latitude lines are f LAT, horizontal, parallel circles that go around the earth. They appear as lines on a flat map. Lat goes from 0 90 N and

More information

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson.

The following terms are some of the vocabulary that students should be familiar with in order to fully master this lesson. Lesson 211: EARTH'S SEASONS Students learn the complex geometry and planetary motions that cause Earth to have four distinct seasons. Fundamental Questions Attempting to give thorough and reasonable answers

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers

More information

Day, Night, Year, and Seasons

Day, Night, Year, and Seasons Welcome Astronomers to the Sun, Moon, and Earth! The relationship between the Sun, Moon, and Earth is very important to the existence of life on Earth. Our quest is to find out how their relationships

More information

Earth Motions Packet 14

Earth Motions Packet 14 Earth Motions Packet 14 Your Name Group Members Score Minutes Standard 4 Key Idea 1 Performance Indicator 1.1 Explain complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent

More information

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere The Atmosphere Structure/Layers Contains 4 major layers See E.S.R.T pg 14 o Troposphere All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere o Stratosphere Contains

More information

Name Regents Review Packet #2 Date

Name Regents Review Packet #2 Date Name Regents Review Packet #2 Date Base your answers to questions 1 through 5 on diagram below, which represents the Sun s apparent paths and the solar noon positions for an observer at 42 N latitude on

More information

Earth s Motion. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than

Earth s Motion. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than Lesson Outline Earth s Motion LESSON 1 A. Earth and the Sun 1. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than Earth s diameter. a. In the Sun, atoms combine during, producing huge amounts of energy.

More information

Astronomy Practice Test

Astronomy Practice Test Name: ate: 1. In laska, there are fewer hours of daylight in the winter than in the summer. Which statement best explains why this difference occurs?. The Sun burns hotter in the summer.. The Sun moves

More information

A) its rotation D) Sun, the Moon, and some stars C) an oblate sphere D) troposphere B) hydrosphere and troposphere B) less dense and more felsic

A) its rotation D) Sun, the Moon, and some stars C) an oblate sphere D) troposphere B) hydrosphere and troposphere B) less dense and more felsic 1. The Earth is slightly flattened from a perfect spherical shape because of A) its rotation B) the pull of the sun and moon C) storms on the sun's surface D) its molten core 2. The Earth's actual shape

More information

1. The diagram below shows Earth, four different positions of the Moon, and the direction of incoming sunlight.

1. The diagram below shows Earth, four different positions of the Moon, and the direction of incoming sunlight. G8 Semester I MCAS Pre-Test Please answer on Scantron Card; not on this test form Standard: 9 - Describe lunar and solar eclipses, the observed moon phases, and tides. Relate them to the relative positions

More information

Monday, May 24, Things to Know...

Monday, May 24, Things to Know... 117 Things to Know... 117 Things to Know... The same substance always has the same density. 2As pressure increases, density increases 3As temperature increases, density decreases 4Water expands when it

More information

Academic Year Second Term. Science Revision Sheet. Grade

Academic Year Second Term. Science Revision Sheet. Grade Academic Year 2017-2018 Second Term Science Revision Sheet Grade 6 Name: Grade Date: Section: Part A. Science Practice. Circle the letter of your answer. 1. When the moon is waxing, its lighted part appears

More information

Which table correctly shows the dates on which the apparent paths of the Sun were observed? A) B) C) D)

Which table correctly shows the dates on which the apparent paths of the Sun were observed? A) B) C) D) 1. The diagram below represents the horizon and the Sun's apparent paths, A, B, and C, on three different dates, as viewed from the same location in New York State. Which table correctly shows the dates

More information

Scientists observe the environment around them using their five senses.

Scientists observe the environment around them using their five senses. Earth Science Notes Topics 1: Observation and Measurement Topic 2: The Changing Environment Review book pages 1-38 Scientists observe the environment around them using their five senses. When scientists

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Pressure Composition Greenhouse effect Atmospheric structure Color of the sky 1 Atmospheres

More information

EARTH SCIENCE KEY UNIT 2-H

EARTH SCIENCE KEY UNIT 2-H EARTH SCIENCE KEY UNIT 2-H UNIT 2 MODELS & DIMENSIONS OF EARTH I. Model = ANYTHING THAT REPRESENTS THE PROPERTIES OF AN OBJECT OR SYSTEM A. Types and examples of models: 1. PHYSICAL Provides us with information

More information

EARTH MOON SUN REVIEW

EARTH MOON SUN REVIEW 1. A student read in a newspaper that the maximum length of the daylight period for the year in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, had just been reached. What was the date of this newspaper? 4. In the diagram below,

More information

Moon, Planet, Star, Solar System, Galaxy, Universe

Moon, Planet, Star, Solar System, Galaxy, Universe Dr. V s Study Guide : Astronomy Unit 1) Place the following in order of increasing size: The Galaxy, the Solar System, a Star, the Universe,a Moon and a Planet. Moon, Planet, Star, Solar System, Galaxy,

More information

A) B) C) D) 2) The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at different times in August.

A) B) C) D) 2) The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at different times in August. Name: 1) Which weather station model indicates the highest relative humidity? 8605-1 - Page 1 A) B) C) D) 2) The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at

More information

Climate Changes due to Natural Processes

Climate Changes due to Natural Processes Climate Changes due to Natural Processes 2.6.2a Summarize natural processes that can and have affected global climate (particularly El Niño/La Niña, volcanic eruptions, sunspots, shifts in Earth's orbit,

More information

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Chapter 2 Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Topics Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What happens to Incoming Solar Radiation? Radiation Emitted by the

More information

UNIT 13: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

UNIT 13: WEATHER AND CLIMATE UNIT 13: WEATHER AND CLIMATE After Unit 13 you should be able to: o Be able to use Selected Properties of Earth s Atmosphere, Planetary Wind and Moisture Belts in the Troposphere, Temperature, Pressure,

More information

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation

C) wavelength C) eastern horizon B) the angle of insolation is high B) increases, only D) thermosphere D) receive low-angle insolation 1. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A) half-life B) temperature C) wavelength D) wave velocity 2. In New York State, the risk of sunburn is greatest between

More information

Global Weather Trade Winds etc.notebook February 17, 2017

Global Weather Trade Winds etc.notebook February 17, 2017 Global Weather 1 north pole northern hemisphere equator southern hemisphere south pole 2 We have seasons because of the Earth's tilt The seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres winter

More information

Earth Moon Motions A B1

Earth Moon Motions A B1 Earth Moon Motions A B1 1. The Coriolis effect provides evidence that Earth (1) rotates on its axis (2) revolves around the Sun (3) undergoes cyclic tidal changes (4) has a slightly eccentric orbit 9.

More information

EARTH SCIENCE UNIT 9 -NOTES ASTRONOMY

EARTH SCIENCE UNIT 9 -NOTES ASTRONOMY EARTH SCIENCE UNIT 9 -NOTES ASTRONOMY UNIT 9- ASTRONOMY 2 THE SOLAR SYSTEM I. The Solar System:. a. Celestial Body:. i. Examples:. b. MAIN COMPONENTS/MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM: i. 1. Planets are objects

More information

C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will increase.

C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) The duration of insolation will increase and the temperature will increase. 1. Which event is a direct result of Earth's revolution? A) the apparent deflection of winds B) the changing of the Moon phases C) the seasonal changes in constellations viewed in the night sky D) the

More information

STANDARD. S6E1 d. Explain the motion of objects in the day/night sky in terms of relative position.

STANDARD. S6E1 d. Explain the motion of objects in the day/night sky in terms of relative position. STANDARD S6E1 d. Explain the motion of objects in the day/night sky in terms of relative position. S6E2 b. Explain the alignment of the earth, moon, and sun during solar and lunar eclipses. c. Relate the

More information

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3 Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations ATS351 Lecture 3 Earth-Sun Distance Change in distance has only a minimal effect on seasonal temperature. Note that during the N. hemisphere winter, we are CLOSER to

More information

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earth s Motion Lesson 2 Earth s Moon Lesson 3 Eclipses and Tides Chapter Wrap-Up. Jason Reed/Photodisc/Getty Images

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earth s Motion Lesson 2 Earth s Moon Lesson 3 Eclipses and Tides Chapter Wrap-Up. Jason Reed/Photodisc/Getty Images Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earth s Motion Lesson 2 Earth s Moon Lesson 3 Eclipses and Tides Chapter Wrap-Up Jason Reed/Photodisc/Getty Images What natural phenomena do the motions of Earth and the Moon

More information

Midterm Review #3-2018

Midterm Review #3-2018 1. The reaction below represents an energy-producing process. The reaction represents how energy is produced A) when water condenses in Earth's atmosphere B) during nuclear decay C) from the movement of

More information

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature

The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Chapter The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Geologists have uncovered evidence of when Earth was first able to support oxygenrich atmosphere similar to what we experience today and more so, take

More information

Topic 10: Earth in Space Workbook Chapters 10 and 11

Topic 10: Earth in Space Workbook Chapters 10 and 11 Topic 10: Earth in Space Workbook Chapters 10 and 11 We can imagine all the celestial objects seen from Earth the sun, stars, the Milky way, and planets as being positioned on a celestial sphere. Earth

More information

Motions of the Earth

Motions of the Earth Motions of the Earth Our goals for learning: What are the main motions of the Earth in space? How do we see these motions on the ground? How does it affect our lives? How does the orientation of Earth's

More information

Solar System Glossary. The point in an object s elliptical orbit farthest from the body it is orbiting

Solar System Glossary. The point in an object s elliptical orbit farthest from the body it is orbiting Solar System Glossary Apogee Atmosphere Asteroid Axis Autumn Barred spiral The point in an object s elliptical orbit farthest from the body it is orbiting The air that surrounds Earth and other planets

More information

10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp of BC Science 10)

10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp of BC Science 10) 10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp. 424-435 of BC Science 10) kinetic molecular theory: explains that matter is made up of tiny that are constantly. These atoms

More information

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high Weather Vocabulary Vocabulary Term Meaning/Definition air mass * large bodies of air that have the similar properties throughout such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure; causes most of the weather

More information

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The earth emits terrestrial radiation a) only at night b) all the time c) only during winter d) only over the continents 2. If an imbalance occurs between

More information

Which Earth latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation when Earth is at the position shown in the diagram? A) 0 B) 23 N C) 55 N D) 90 N

Which Earth latitude receives the greatest intensity of insolation when Earth is at the position shown in the diagram? A) 0 B) 23 N C) 55 N D) 90 N 1. In which list are the forms of electromagnetic energy arranged in order from longest to shortest wavelengths? A) gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light B) radio waves, infrared rays, visible

More information

Investigations in Earth and Space Science Semester Review: Unit 1 and Unit 2

Investigations in Earth and Space Science Semester Review: Unit 1 and Unit 2 IESS Unit 1: Solar Energy & Fluid Circulation Review Directions: Write the answer to each question in the box to the right of the question. Fold your paper along the line and use this as a review sheet!

More information

Wind, Water, Weather and Seasons Test Review

Wind, Water, Weather and Seasons Test Review Name: Wind, Water, Weather and Seasons Test Review Period: Please complete the following review to prepare for your exam over wind and ocean currents, weather, and the Earth- Moon- Sun systems. Your test

More information

L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH

L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH 1. The graph below shows air temperatures on a clear summer day from 7 a.m. to 12 noon at two locations, one in Florida

More information

Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons

Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons Laboratory Exercise #7 - Introduction to Atmospheric Science: The Seasons page - 1 Section A - Introduction: This lab consists of both computer-based and noncomputer-based questions dealing with atmospheric

More information

Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect 8.

Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect 8. Matching (2 points each) 1. weather 2. climate 3. Greenhouse Effect 4. Convection Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect

More information

D. most intense and of longest duration C. D.

D. most intense and of longest duration C. D. Astronomy Take Home Test Answer on a separate sheet of paper In complete sentences justify your answer Name: 1. The Moon s cycle of phases can be observed from Earth because the Moon 4. The accompanying

More information

Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System

Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System Chapter 7 Table of Contents Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System Section 1: Earth in Space Section 2: Time and Seasons Section 3: Earth s Moon 1 Earth in Space Earth s Size and Shape Ancient Measurements

More information

Astronomy, PART 2. Vocabulary. A. Universe - Our Milky Way Galaxy is one of of galaxies in an expanding universe.

Astronomy, PART 2. Vocabulary. A. Universe - Our Milky Way Galaxy is one of of galaxies in an expanding universe. Astronomy, PART 2 Vocabulary Aphelion Asteroid Astronomical Unit Comet Constellation Crater Eccentricity Eclipse Equinox Geocentric model Gravitation Heliocentric model Inertia Jovian Perihelion Revolution

More information

Climate vs. Weather. Weather: Short term state of the atmosphere. Climate: The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

Climate vs. Weather. Weather: Short term state of the atmosphere. Climate: The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time Weather and Climate Climate vs. Weather Weather: Short term state of the atmosphere. Temperature, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, winds, visibility, air pressure, air pollution, etc Climate: The

More information

1/3/12. Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System. Ancient Measurements. Earth s Size and Shape. Ancient Measurements. Ancient Measurements

1/3/12. Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System. Ancient Measurements. Earth s Size and Shape. Ancient Measurements. Ancient Measurements // Table of Contents Chapter: The Earth-Moon-Sun System Section : Chapter 7 Section : Section : Earth s Size and Shape Ancient Measurements First, no matter where you are on Earth, objects fall straight

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the primary reason New York State is warmer in July than in February? A) The altitude of the noon Sun is greater in February. B) The insolation in New York is greater in July. C) The Earth

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Sources of Gas Losses of Gas Thermal Escape Earth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick Consists mostly of molecular

More information

Chapter 1 Image Slides. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 1 Image Slides. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Image Slides Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CH. 1: CYCLES OF THE SKY CO a 1.1 The Celestial Sphere CO b The nearest star to us is about

More information

Topic 1: Earth s Motion Topic 2: The Moon Earth s Satellite Topic 3: Solar System Topic 4: The Planets Topic 5: Stars & Galaxies

Topic 1: Earth s Motion Topic 2: The Moon Earth s Satellite Topic 3: Solar System Topic 4: The Planets Topic 5: Stars & Galaxies Topic 1: Earth s Motion Topic 2: The Moon Earth s Satellite Topic 3: Solar System Topic 4: The Planets Topic 5: Stars & Galaxies Topic 1: Earth s Motion Essential Question: What causes the cycle of seasons

More information

Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan

Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dd_8jm5ptlk https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/sunearth.html https://www.time.gov/ https://www.space.com/33790-harvest-moon-guide.html

More information

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate. (Pg )

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate. (Pg ) Chapter 4: Weather & Climate (Pg. 54 73) Introduction: Distinguish between the terms weather & climate. P. 54 Weather: the state of the atmosphere at any one place or time. (short term) Climate: the average

More information

1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION

1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION WEATHER DEFINITION Weather state or condition of the variables of the atmosphere at a given time Weather variables temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, cloud cover, precipitation, storms Weather

More information

Website Lecture 3 The Physical Environment Part 1

Website   Lecture 3 The Physical Environment Part 1 Website http://websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 3 The Physical Environment Part 1 1 Lectures 3 & 4 1. Biogeochemical Cycling 2. Solar Radiation 3. The Atmosphere 4. The Global Ocean 5. Weather and Climate

More information

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D)

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D) 1. The hottest climates on Earth are located near the Equator because this region A) is usually closest to the Sun B) reflects the greatest amount of insolation C) receives the most hours of daylight D)

More information

Earth Science final exam study guide (Semester 2)

Earth Science final exam study guide (Semester 2) Earth Science final exam study guide (Semester 2) Chapter 22: astronomy, sun-earth-moon system Define the following vocabulary and answer the questions that follow Earth-Sun-Moon 1. Define nebula: 2. Identify

More information

Explain the Big Bang Theory and give two pieces of evidence which support it.

Explain the Big Bang Theory and give two pieces of evidence which support it. Name: OBJECTIVES Correctly define: asteroid, celestial object, comet, constellation, Doppler effect, eccentricity, eclipse, ellipse, focus, Foucault Pendulum, galaxy, geocentric model, heliocentric model,

More information

Table of Contents. Chapter: Atmosphere. Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere. Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. Section 3: Air Movement

Table of Contents. Chapter: Atmosphere. Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere. Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter 4: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere

More information

Weather Review. What is the relative humidity when the temperature equals the dew point?

Weather Review. What is the relative humidity when the temperature equals the dew point? Weather Review A measures dew point and relative humidity. What is another name for the DRY BULB? Why is the wet bulb NEVER higher than the dry bulb? What is the dew point? What is the relative humidity?

More information

Weather Systems Study Guide:

Weather Systems Study Guide: Weather Systems Study Guide: 1. Draw a diagram of Earth s water cycle and label each part. 2. Explain how the water cycle works. 3. What happens in the troposphere and stratosphere? Atmosphere Level What

More information

C) D) 2. The model below shows the apparent path of the Sun as seen by an observer in New York State on the first day of one of the four seasons.

C) D) 2. The model below shows the apparent path of the Sun as seen by an observer in New York State on the first day of one of the four seasons. 1. Which diagram best represents the regions of Earth in sunlight on June 21 and December 21? [NP indicates the North Pole and the shading represents Earth's night side. Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Viewing the Universe THE VALUE OF ASTRONOMY. Skills Worksheet. 1. How did observations of the sky help farmers in the past?

Directed Reading. Section: Viewing the Universe THE VALUE OF ASTRONOMY. Skills Worksheet. 1. How did observations of the sky help farmers in the past? Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe 1. How did observations of the sky help farmers in the past? 2. How did observations of the sky help sailors in the past? 3. What is the

More information

1. The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum that is swinging back and forth.

1. The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum that is swinging back and forth. 1. The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum that is swinging back and forth. Which diagram best represents the change in the motion of a Foucault pendulum that provides evidence of Earth's rotation?

More information

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: PROLOGUE The Local Environment... 1 Observation, Inference, Classification Properties of the Environment...

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: PROLOGUE The Local Environment... 1 Observation, Inference, Classification Properties of the Environment... CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: PROLOGUE The Local Environment... 1 Observation, Inference, Classification Properties of the Environment... 3 Measurement, Percent Deviation From Accepted Value Density... 6 Density

More information

YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO... (by Charles Burrows)

YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO... (by Charles Burrows) YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO... (by Charles Burrows) COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH S CRUST 1. Identify the characteristics of matter. 2. Explain the importance of chemical bonds. 3. Identify the characteristics of

More information

Chapter 26 Section 1 pages Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe

Chapter 26 Section 1 pages Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe Name: Period: Chapter 26 Section 1 pages 659-666 Directed Reading Section: Viewing the Universe 1. How did observations of the sky help sailors in the past? 2. What is the main reason people study the

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December INSOLATION REVIEW 1. The map below shows isolines of average daily insolation received in calories per square centimeter per minute at the Earth s surface. If identical solar collectors are placed at the

More information

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

2. The diagram below represents the apparent path of the Sun as seen by an observer at 65 N on March 21.

2. The diagram below represents the apparent path of the Sun as seen by an observer at 65 N on March 21. 1. Which diagram best represents the regions of Earth in sunlight on June 21 and December 21? [NP indicates the North Pole and the shading represents Earth's night side. Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

More information

L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER)

L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER) L.O: EARTH'S 23.5 DEGREE TILT ON ITS AXIS GIVES EARTH ITS SEASONS March 21 (SPRING), June 21(SUMMER), Sept 22 (AUTUMN) & Dec 21(WINTER) 1. The apparent daily path of the Sun changes with the seasons because

More information

drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock. observer on Earth. Sun across the sky on March 21 as seen by an

drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock. observer on Earth. Sun across the sky on March 21 as seen by an 1. The diagram below represents some constellations and one position of Earth in its orbit around the Sun. These constellations are visible to an observer on Earth at different times of the year. When

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

Which rock unit is youngest in age? A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which rock unit is youngest in age? A) A B) B C) C D) D 1. The Catskills landscape region is classified as a plateau because it has A) low elevations and mostly faulted or folded bedrock B) low elevations and mostly horizontal bedrock C) high elevations and

More information