Hie-Joon Kim. Professor Emeritus Seoul National University. Experience. Representative Publications

Transcription

1 Hie-Joon Kim Professor Emeritus Seoul National University B.S. Chemistry, Seoul National University, Korea, 1970 Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA, 1977 Experience Professor, Department of Chemistry Seoul National University ( ) Chair Professor, Gw angju Institute of Science and Technology (2013-Present) SNU Teaching Aw ard (2007) Representative Publications Philosophical Questions Scientific Answ ers (Thinking Power Books, 2012) Chemistry of Life, Chemistry for Life (Free Academy, 2009)

2 Chapter 3 Cosmic Background Radiation

3 INTRODUCTION Nobel Lecture in Physics (1978) The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert Wilson _9e6f68a5ca_o.jpg

4 3-1 Cosmic Noise In 1963, when the 20-foot horn-reflector was no longer needed for satellite work, Arno Penzias and I started preparing it for use in radio astronomy. M ilky Way halo structure

5 3-1 Cosmic Noise The antenna was at least 2 K hotter than 4.2 K the temperature of the liquid helium. ROBERT W. WILSON, THE COSM IC M ICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION, Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1978.

6 3-1 Cosmic Noise A pair of pigeons was roosting up in the small part of the horn where it enters the warm cab. We evicted the pigeons and cleaned up their mess, but obtained only a small reduction in antenna temperature. flickr.com/96/ _87ae238 03e_z.jpg yphoto.co.uk/pho to1/housekeeping /Psittacosis/pigeo n% 20(2).jpg

7 3-2 Cosmic Background Radiation: Prediction The sequence of events which led to the unravelling of our mystery began one day when Arno was talking to Bernard Burke of MIT about other matters and mentioned our unexplained noise. media.org/wikipe dia/commons/9/9 e/ Great_Dome,_ M IT_- _IMG_8390.JPG MIT Bernard Burke

8 3-2 Cosmic Background Radiation: Prediction Bernie recalled hearing about theoretical work of P. J. E. Peebles in R. H. Dicke s group in Princeton on radiation in the universe.

9 3-2 Cosmic Background Radiation: Prediction The Princeton group was investigating the implication of an oscillating universe with an extremely hot condensed phase. media.org/wikipe dia/commons/3/3 b/ St ronghold_prin ceton_university_ New _Jersey,_USA.jpg Princeton University

10 3-2 Cosmic Background Radiation: Prediction Dicke had an important idea that if the radiation from this hot phase were large enough, it would be observable. kipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/robert_h enry_dicke.jpg/220px- Robert_Henry_Dicke.jpg Robert Dicke

11 3-2 Cosmic Background Radiation: Prediction Peebles, following Dicke s suggestion calculated that the universe should be filled with a relic blackbody radiation at a minimum temperature of 10 K. Dicke, Roll, and Wilkinson were setting up an experiment to measure it. M edalists/peebles/peebl es.jpg ipedia/commons/c/cd/david_to dd_wilkinson.jpg James Peebles David Wilkinson

12 3-3 Cosmic Background Radiation: Verification Dicke and his coworkers visited us in order to discuss our measurements and see our equipment. They were quickly convinced of the accuracy of our measurements. org/wikipedia/commons/ c/ c1/bell_labs_holmdel.j pg Bell Labs at Holmdel

13 3-3 Cosmic Background Radiation: Verification We agreed to a side-by-side publication of two letters in the Astrophysical Journal a letter on the theory from Princeton and one on our measurements of excess antenna temperature from Bell Laboratories.

14 3-3 Cosmic Background Radiation: Verification Arno and I were careful to exclude any discussion of the cosmological theory of the origin of background radiation from our letter because we had not been involved in any of that work. data/u/upanigkit/picture/ jpg

15 3-3 Cosmic Background Radiation: Verification While preparing our letter for publication we made one final check on the antenna to make sure we were not picking up a uniform 3 K from earth. From the total antenna temperature we subtracted the known sources with a result of K.

16 3-4 Big Bang Cosmology Cosmology is a science which has only a few observable facts to work with. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation added one the present radiation temperature of the universe. watch?v=13u7eejavbg Fred Hoyle steady state theory

17 3-4 Big Bang Cosmology More sensitive measurements of the background radiation in the future will allow us to discover additional facts about the universe. COBE (cosmic background explorer) d.wikimedia. org/wikipedi a/commons/ a/a3/cobe_ cmb_fluctua tions.png Smoot Nobel Prize in Physics (2006) s.methylene. fr/wpcontent/uplo ads/2014/03 /George_sm oot.jpg Mather Nobel Prize in Physics (2006) ikimedia.org/wi kipedia/commo ns/9/93/john_c._m ather_showi ng_some_of_th e_first_data_fro m_the_nasa_c osmic_backgrou nd_explorer.jpg

18 3-4 Big Bang Cosmology / 03/COBE_WM AP_Pla nck.jpg Sloan digital map age of the universe 13.8 billion years mons/6/6e/sloan_digit_sky_survey_1.25_d eclination_slice_2013_data.jpg

19 Review After three hundred eighty thousand As the temperature dropped to three thousand Electrons became part of an atom Loosing their freedom. The universe transparent turned As photons were decoupled.

20 Review They were picked up in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson At Bell Labs in New Jersey While Dicke was looking for them at Princeton About thirty miles away. The discovery of the radiation at 3K Nailed down the big bang theory.

21 Big Bang and the Origin of Chemical Elements THANK YOU