Extreme Light Infrastructure Romania, ELI-RO

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1 Extreme Light Infrastructure Romania, ELI-RO Silviu Olariu National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania 22 March 2010

2 European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) Physical Sciences and related

3 High Power Experimental Research Facility (HIPER) Preparation phase: 13 M¼ Construction: 800 M¼ Decomissioning costs: to be estimated Operations costs: under discussion HiPER will consist of a unique configuration of long pulse and short pulse laser beamlines, which will be used to provide early demonstration of the Fast Ignition technique and associated infrastructure.

4 International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) Preparation phase: 150 M¼ Construction: 1000 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 50 M¼ Operations costs: 150 M¼/year first 3 years; 80 M¼/year from the 4th year IFMIF is an acceleratorbased very high flux neutron source utilizing the deuteron lithium-stripping reaction with the aim to provide timely a suitable data base on irradiation effects on material needed for the construction of a fusion reactor. Its design beam power of 2 x 5 MW is the most intensive that has ever been built.

5 Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) Preparation phase: 70 M¼ Construction: 500 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 80 M¼ Operations costs: M¼/year This new research reactor will allow high flux neutron irradiation experiments dedicated to the study of the materials and fuel behaviour under irradiation with sizes and environment conditions relevant for nuclear power plants in order to optimise efficiency and demonstrate safe operations of existing power reactors as well as to support future reactor design.

6 European Biomedical Imaging Infrastructure (Euro-BioImaging) Preparation phase: 10 M¼ Construction: 370 M¼ Decomissioning costs: - Operations costs: 160 M¼/year Euro-BioImaging will provide access to imaging technologies across the full scale of biological and medical applications, from molecule to patient. It will be organised as a pan- European distributed research infrastructure focused on complementary imaging technologies from advanced light microscopy to medical imaging.

7 European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL) Preparation phase: 10 M¼ Construction: 120 M¼ Decomissioning costs: - Operations costs: 22 M¼/year EMFL will provide the highest possible magnetic fields, both continuous and pulsed. It integrates and upgrades the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory, the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés in Toulouse, the Hochfeld- Magnetlabor Dresden, and the High Field Magnet Laboratory in Nijmegen.

8 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Upgrade (ESRFUP) Preparation phase: 6.8 M¼ Construction: 238 M¼ Decomissioning costs: - Operations costs: 83 M¼/year The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility located in Grenoble, France, operates the most powerful high energy synchrotron light source in Europe and brings together a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry and materials science as well as biology, medicine, geophysics and archaeology, and industrial applications including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals and microelectronics.

9 EuroFEL Preparation phase: M¼ Construction: M¼ Intense light beams with infrared to soft X-ray wavelengths are the major probe to study the electronic properties of matter. Free Electron Lasers (FELs) can produce beams of coherent, femtosecond light pulses with unprecedented intensities. Decomissioning costs: - Operations costs: M¼/year

10 European Spallation Source for producing Neutrons (ESS) The European Spallation Source will be the world s most powerful source of neutrons. Preparation phase: 30 M¼ Construction: 1300 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 300 M¼ Operations costs: 110 M¼/year

11 European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) Preparation phase: 39 M¼ Construction: 1043 M¼ The European X-ray Free Electron Laser, which is being built in Hamburg, Germany, will be a world leading facility for the production of intense, short pulses of X-rays for scientific research in a wide range of disciplines. Decomissioning costs: 100 M¼ Operations costs: 84 M¼/year

12 Institute Laue Langevin ILL 20/20 Upgrade Preparation phase: 6.2 M¼ Construction: 171 M¼ Decomissioning costs: under discussion Operations costs: +5 M¼/year The reactor-based laboratory at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, is recognised as the world s most productive and reliable source of slow neutrons for the study of condensed matter, and its overall upgrade is the response in the short to medium term to users requirements.

13 Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Preparation phase: 8 M¼ Construction: 150 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 10 M¼ Operations costs: 10 M¼/year The Cherenkov Telescope Array will be an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. With two sites, in both the southern and northern hemispheres, it will extend the study of astrophysical origin of gamma-rays at energies of a few tens of GeV and above.

14 European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) Preparation phase: 100 M¼ Construction: 950 M¼ Decomissioning costs: to be evaluated Operations costs: 30 M¼/year ELTs will vastly advance astrophysical knowledge allowing detailed studies of inter alia planets around other stars, the first objects in the Universe, super-massive Black Holes, and the nature and distribution of the Dark Matter and Dark Energy which dominate the Universe. The 42 m European Extremely Large Telescope project will maintain and reinforce Europe s position at the forefront of astrophysical research.

15 Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Preparation phase: 85 M¼ Construction: 400 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 30 M¼ Operations costs: 50 M¼/year ELI will be a research infrastructure dedicated to the investigation and applications of laser matter interaction at the highest intensity level. ELI will comprise three branches: ultra high field science; attosecond laser science; and the high energy beam facility.

16 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) Preparation phase: 120 M¼ Construction: 1187 M¼ Decomissioning costs: to be determined Operations costs: 120 M¼/year FAIR will provide high energy primary and secondary beams of ions of highest intensity and quality, including an antimatter beam of antiprotons. Two superconducting synchrotrons will deliver high intensity ion beams up to 35 GeV per nucleon for experiments with primary beams of ion masses up to Uranium and the production of a broad range of radioactive ion beams.

17 Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) Preparation phase: 32 M¼ Construction: 200 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 5 M¼ Operations costs: 5 M¼/year KM3NeT will be a deep-sea research infrastructure in the Mediterranean Sea hosting a cubic-kilometre sized deep-sea neutrino telescope for the astronomy based on the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and giving access to longterm deep-sea measurements.

18 Paneuropean Research Infrastructures for Nano-Structures (PRINS) Preparation phase: 3.5 M¼ Construction: 1400 M¼ Decomissioning costs: - Operations costs: 300 M¼/year The Pan-European Research Infrastructure for Nano-Structures (PRINS) will bridge the area between research and market-driven applications and provide Europe with the ability to master the revolutionary transition from Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics.

19 Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Preparation phase: 150 M¼ Construction: 1500 M¼ Decomissioning costs: to be defined Operations costs: M¼/year The Square Kilometre Array will be the next generation radio telescope. With an operating frequency range of 70 MHz 25 GHz and a collecting area of about m2, it will be 50 times more sensitive than current facilities. With its huge field-of-view it will be able to survey the sky more than 10,000 times faster than any existing radio telescope.

20 Système de Production d Ions RAdioactifs en Ligne (SPIRAL2) Preparation phase: 8.8 M¼ Construction: 196 M¼ Decomissioning costs: 10 M¼ Operations costs: 6.6 M¼/year SPIRAL2 is a new European facility to be built at GANIL laboratory in Caen, France. The project aims at delivering stable and rare isotope beams with intensities not yet available with present machines. SPIRAL2 will reinforce the European leadership in the field of nuclear physics based on exotic nuclei.

21 Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) Preparation phase: 20 M¼ Construction: M¼ every 2-3 years Decomissioning costs: 10 M¼ Operations costs: M¼/year PRACE is a European strategic approach to highperformance computing. It concentrates the available resources in a limited number of world-class toptier centres in a single infrastructure connected to national, regional and local centres, forming a scientific computing network to utilize the top-level machines.

22 ITER

23 Extreme Light

24 LLNL Petawatt laser striking a solid target and producing a cone of accelerated electrons and protons with energy up to 100 MeV. The laser enters from the left.

25 A high-energy, short-pulse petawatt laser will act as a novel source of hard x rays, electrons, and protons at NIF

26 Nuclear fusion from laser driven deuterium clusters Nuclear fusion plasma created at the University of Texas at Austin by focusing an intense, 35 fs laser pulse into a gas of deuterium clusters. The deuterium clusters are formed by a gas jet. The jet is emitted from the metal cylinder in the center, the laser enters from the right and the spark is the fusion plasma.

27 Megajoule lasers The National Ignition Facility laser system from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, at present the only megajoule laser system in the world, began firing all 192-laser beams onto targets in June Laser bay 1 holds half of NIF s 192 beams. Laser Megajoule, near Bordeaux, in construction

28 Gold-plated cylindrical hohlraum holding the deuterium-tritium fuel capsule in the National Ignition Facility target chamber

29 Soft X-ray diagnostics surrounding the NIF target chamber

30 Nova Petawatt laser 1 PW = 10^15 W Nova was dismantled in 1999 to make way for NIF

31 Vulcan Petawatt laser Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 10 PW laser and electron ring

32 Vulcan petawatt laser where laser intensities of 10^21 W/cm^2 have been obtained

33 Texas petawatt laser

34 Stretching and compression of pulses

35 Compression of pulses

36 Large optics in the Vulcan Lasers Target Area

37 Nova petawatt laser: Diffraction-limited spot containing ~30% of the pulse energy and a peak irradiance of ~0.7 x 10^21 W/cm^2

38 Hercules laser, Michigan, 2008 By focusing a 300-TW laser beam to a spot size of 1.3 micrometer a record peak intensity of 2 x 10^22 W/cm^2 has been reached.

39 Average power of petawatt lasers is small 10 PW Apollon: 150 J / 15 fs, 1 shot/min: average power 2.5 W Spiral2 superconducting light/heavy-ion linac capable of accelerating 5 ma deuterons up to 40 MeV: average power 200 kw European Spallation Source linac at GeV: average power 10 MW

40 Science and applications of Extreme Light NOVEL INTERACTIONS WITH ATOMS, MOLECULES AND ELECTRONS ADVANCED ULTRA FAST X-RAY SCIENCE HIGH ENERGY DENSITY SCIENCE LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH ADVANCED ELECTRON AND PROTON ACCELERATORS PULSED ION AND NEUTRON SOURCES BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

41 Laser development areas Gratings Contrast Focusability Pulse shape control Secondary compression Amplifier design Materials

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44 Earlier laser-nuclear studies at Magurele, Romania

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54 Title: Innovative Nuclear Reactions with PW Laser Plasma Interaction Authors: Olariu, Silviu; Deutsch, Claude Affiliation: AA(NIPNE Magurele PO Box MG-7 BUCHAREST Romania) AB(LPGP Bat.210 UPS Orsay France) Publication: American Physical Society, 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics October 29 - November 2, 2001 Long Beach, California Publication Date:10/2001 Abstract Computed cross-sections for the excitation of nuclear gamma fluorescence through 5 MeV electrons produced by PW lasers are shown to range in the 10 microbarn values.focussing e-beams onto a target with nuclei/cm2 leads to expect at least 62 gamma photons in the 200 kev range and per nanocoulomb(nc).novel experimental setups currently developed in the Orsay area feature e-bunches with a few nc and thus could deliver hundreds of gamma photons per bunch.one can thus envision a pulsed source of gamma rays with a well collimated energy.as a result,heretofore ignored and low energy nuclear states of rare earths for instance can have now their lifetimes determined through those short and affordable intense e-bunches provided those latter remain stable enough from one shot to the next.other photonuclear reactions also triggered with e- bunches will be discussed

55 LASER COMPTON BACK-SCATTERING GAMMA-RAY SOURCE ON NewSUBARU The laser-compton scattering gamma ray generation was tested on a synchrotron radiation facility, "NewSUBARU". Cw laser (wavelength: m, maximum power: 5 W) was used in the experiments. Maximum energies of scattered gamma ray are 17.6MeV and 39.1 MeV at the operating electron energy of 1GeV and 1.5GeV, respectively. A scintillation detector (NaI) and Ge detector was used to measure the gamma-ray spectrum and the yield. A measured gamma-ray yield was 5x10^3 photons/sec/ma/w.

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57 Energy of gamma-ray photon as a function of scattering angle

58 Photoexcitation of astrophysically important states in 26Mg at the High-Intensity -ray Source of the Duke University The storage ring of the HI S facility was operated with two electron bunches at an energy of E = 515í530 MeV and a current of I 45 ma. A 1.91 cm collimator was used, which defined the diameter of the beam that was incident on the sample and resulted in a beam energy spread of about 200 kev at a beam energy of 11.0 MeV. The intensity of the 100% linearly polarized photon beam at the sample was about 10^7 s^í1. Four incident -ray beam energies were used throughout the experiment: 10.8, 11.0, 11.2, and 11.4MeV. The total sample mass amounted to mg, corresponding to a 26Mg mass of mg.

59 Vulcan 10 PW upgrade

60 Vulcan 10 PW upgrade