Nuclear Science and applications with the next generation of High Power Lasers and Gamma beams

Transcription

1 ELI-NP Nuclear Science and applications with the next generation of High Power Lasers and Gamma beams 1

2 2006 ELI on ESFRI Roadmap Europe has decided to build the highest intensity laser ELI For Extreme Light Infrastructure PW, 1 m ~highest power laser today ELI ELI-PP (FP7) Three Pillars ELI-Beamlines (Czech Republic) ELI-Attoseconds (Hungary) ELI-Nuclear Physics (Romania) Project Approved by the European Competitiveness Council (December 2009) ELI-DC (Delivery Consortium): April 2010

3 Light ELI-NP Observation of matter with new powerful probes Two machines of extreme performances Large discovery potential Two 10 PW lasers,10 23 w/cm 2 Extreme E-M fields Laser +e- Acc Femto scale BCS Brillant Gamma Beams 0,2-19 MeV,10 13 s s,0,3% BW

4 ELI-NP Activities February-April 2010 Scientific case White Book (100 scientists, 30 institutions) ( approved by ELI-NP International Scientific Advisory Board August 2010-Sept 2012 Feasibility Study: 293 MEuro Technical Design Submission of the application to the E.C. ( ) Approval for funding from structural funds ( ) October 2012 Workshop: Experimental programme at ELI-NP June 2013 International workshops on TDRs experimental areas Start of construction July 2013 Signing of the laser contract Oct-Nov-Dec 2013 Tender procedure Gamma Beam system 4

5 Laboratories ELI-NP Main buildings Experiments 8 experimental areas Lasers E7,2X10PW E1 10PW E4,0.1PW E5,1PW E6,Positron source E8,Gamma Nuclear reactions E2,NRF E5,E7,QED High field Gamma+electrons 7000M 2

6 ELI-NP Milestones Facility Construction May 31 octobre 28,

7 Nuclear Physics experiments Super heavy elements Photofission& Exotics Nuclear Photonics( NRF), Photo-desintegration, Nuclear Astrophysics complementary to other ESFRI Large Scale Physics Facilities (FAIR- De, SPIRAL2- Fr) Laser Target interaction characteristics NP diagnostics Laser Ion driven nuclear physics: fission-fusion Strong fields QED. Towards High field (Laser +Gamma) and Plasma Applications based on HPLS and High intensity laser and very brilliant γ beams complementary to the other ELI pillars ELI-NP in Romania (selected by the most important science committees in Europe ESFRI and NuPECC, in Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan in Europe as a major facility 7

8 ELI-NP Facility Concept HPLS High rep rate laser experiments PW Oscillators +OPCPA preamps 400mJ/ 10Hz/ <20fs 1PW block Apollon type Ti:Sapph Flashlamp based 30J/ 0.1Hz/ <30fs multi PW block Apollon type Flashlamp based 300J/ 0.01Hz/ <30fs Multi PW experiments Oscillators + OPCPA preamps 1PW block Apollon type Ti:Sapph Flashlamp based multi PW block Apollon type Flashlamp based GBS Laser DPSSL 10J/>100Hz e accelerator Warm linac Gamma beam Compton based MeV Combined lasergamma experiments Gamma/eexperiments 8

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10 Laser Beam Delivery (LBD) Ion-driven NP 10 PW Plasma mirror Adaptive optics Polarization control Relay imaging 2x10PW interaction area Strong field QED 10 PW

11 ELI-NP TDR International Working groups Technical Design Reports for the experiments Workshop in June 2013 for TDRs; Mi-Way Status WS April2014 Gamma WGs: Gamma beam preparation, beam lines, diagnostics NRF and applications Photo-fission (production and physics) Gamma above Threshold (G,n) (G,G ) Laser WGs: Laser delivery and beam lines Ion driven nuclear physics: fission-fusion Strong fields QED Towards High field (Laser +Gamma) and Plasma Charged particle array + Positron source for materials science WG + Transversal WGs: Vacuum, Control Systems, Dosimetry

12 Nuclear Physics Highlights LOI: Nuclear fusion reactions from laseraccelerated fissile ion beams P.Thirolf et al. LASER DRIVEN NUCLEAR PHYSICS EXPTS

13 ELI-NP Delivering pulse at > W/cm 2 will enable this exciting new regime to be investigated

14 ELI-NP γ beam FLUX Laser Back-Compton Scattering Most efficient frequency amplifier Ee-=300 MeV, Eg= 3 MeV but very weak cross-section ~ 6, cm 2 Needs High intensity e- beam Very brillant high rep/rate Laser small collision volume Bandwidth %

15 Gamma ray Energy: 1 19 / 3 MeV rms Bandwidth : 0.3% Spectral Density : 10 4 photons/sec ev rms divergence 200 rad ( spot size mm at target 10 m far away) ~ 1 order of magnitude better than state of the art HI S (bdw 1%, sp. dens. ~10 E ~ 10 MeV) Experiments should exploit: higher flux & narrower bdw

16 Absorption Separation threshold gs A X A Y Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) Photoactivation Photodisintegration (-activation) 16

17 Applications of NRF To Nuclear Materials Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials and Radioactive waste - isotope-specific identification 238 U/ 235 U, 239 Pu, - scan containers for nuclear material and explosives Burn-up of nuclear fuel rods, inspection of spent fuel ( Pu diversion) - fuel elements are frequently changed in position to obtain a homogeneous burn-up - measuring the final 235 U, 238 U content may allow to use fuel elements 20% longer 17

18 R. Hajima et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 45, (2008) Energy [kev] Tunable Flux of gamma-rays Absorption Emission Absorption Emission / / Am 237 Np 239 Pu 235 U 238 U fingerprint W A N T E D MeV for U-238 NRF signal U MeV E E/E < 1% detector target E -ray beam French Photon Embassy, Energy (MeV) Nov17-20,2013 Photon energy (MeV)

19 Photofission neutron polarization yield ratios measured using linearly polarized -rays below neutron threshold Courtesy of TUNL-Hi s facility

20 Radioisotopes for medical use New approaches and methods for producing radioisotopes urgently needed Mo-99 and other medical isotopes used globally for diagnostic medical imaging and radiotherapy 195m Pt: In chemotherapy of tumors it can be used to exclude non responding patients from unnecessary chemotherapy and optimizing the dose of all chemotherapy 20

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22 For the future,hpls Have still two handicaps Efficiency at the grid Repetition rate at high power Input 150kW Output: = 40W, efficiency<10 3 ICAN (European Project) The Future is Fibre Accelerators (Nature Photonic April 2013)

23 Impact of P&T on Nuclear Scenarios with Gen IV and ADSs S. David, CNRS/IN2P3/IPN Orsay S. Massara, OECD/NEA Natural U Homogeneous transmutation Pu waste one cycle (USA) Geological storage U, Pu, MA Natural U Natural U Heterogeneous transmutation U, Pu MA Double-strata transmutation Same waste Fission products U, Pu, MA chemical losses Pu Fuel,Partitioning and Transmutation France, Japan) Accelerator Driven System Prototype 0.6 GeV, 10mA MYRHA on ESFRI List MA U, Pu Pu, MA Minor actinides burn in dedicated ADS system

24 Long term radiotoxicity (after 100y) divided by 100 Two main advantages reduced storage volume and reducedheatloadfor ultimate storage Figure 3. Comparison of waste produced by a fast sodium breeder reactor based on Uranium cycle, with and without (U/Pu Ref) transmutation of minor actinides. Homogeneous and heterogeneous transmutation are considered. Actinide chemical losses are 0.1%. Ref: J. Brizi et al. J. Brizi et al. Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors : Void Coefficient and Waste Minimization: Neutronics Studies Using MURE, Global 2009 Proceedings.

25 Laser Driven transmutation System (S.Gales, G.Mourou, T.Tajima High rep rate khz High Power Laser Production of high flux of 0.5 to 1 GeV secondary protons pps,khz rep rate D2,H Target Pb-Bi Cooling fluid providing Subcritical Reactor core Fuel assembly Minor actinides Am,Cu,Np,etc. Spallation Target Fast neutrons production by spallation Needed for transmuting nuclear waste

26 At ELI-NP we have a mission: To invent the future! Thank you for your patience

27 Bucharest-Magurele Physics Campus National Physics Institutes BUCHAREST Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering ring rail/road Lasers Plasma Optoelectronics Material Physics Theoretical Physics Particle Physics August 23 rd, 2013 NUCLEAR Tandem acc.s Cyclotrons γ Irradiator Adv. Detectors Life & Env. Radioisotope s Reactor (decomm.) Waste Proc. ELI NP

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30 8 Experimental Areas at ELI-NP 30