ELI-NP Extreme Landscape of Subatomic Physics with High Power Lasers and Gamma beams

Transcription

1 ELI-NP Extreme Landscape of Subatomic Physics with High Power Lasers and Gamma beams 1

2 In the 20 th century Fundamental Research has been carried out and dominated by the Particle-based Paradigm: namely accelerator for Massive and Charged particles

3 21 st Century; the Photon Century Could basic research be driven by the massless and chargeless Photons?? Large Scale Lasers: Could they become the Next Large Scale Fondamental Research Infrastructures? The First exemple is the Extreme Light Infrastructure ELI.

4 Extreme Light Infrastructure A world laser roadmap W~ 10% of Sun s total power on 1 cm 2 ELI 10 9 W ~ Power of a nuclear reactor on 1 cm 2 4

5 2006 ELI on ESFRI Roadmap Europe has decided to build the highest intensity laser ELI For xtreme Light Infrastructure ELI-PP (FP7) Three Pillars ELI-Beamlines (Czech Republic) ELI-Attoseconds (Hungary) ELI-Nuclear Physics (Romania) Project Approved by the European Competitiveness Council (December 2009) ELI-DC (Delivery Consortium): April 2010 PW, 1mm ~highest power laser today

6 Nuclear Physics experiments to characterize laser target interaction Exotic Nuclear Physics and astrophysics complementary to other ESFRI Large Scale Physics Facilities (FAIR- De, SPIRAL2- Fr) Applications based on high intensity laser and very brilliant γ beams complementary to the other ELI pillars ELI-NP in Romania (selected by the most important science committees in Europe ESFRI and NuPECC, all fields of science included, from social science to space science) in Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan in Europe as a major facility 6

7 Bucharest-Magurele Physics Campus National Physics Institutes BUCHAREST ring rail/road ELI-NP Lasers Plasma Optoelectronics Material Physics Theoretical Physics Particle Physics NUCLEAR Tandem acc. Cyclotron γ Irradiator Adv. Detectors Life & Env. Radioisotopes Reactor (decomm.) Waste Proc.

8 Observation of matter with new powerful probes Two machines of extreme performances Large discovery potential Light Two 10 PW lasers,10 23 w/cm 2 Extreme E-M fields Laser +e- Acc Femto scale BCS Brillant Gamma Beams 0,2-19 MeV,1013g/s,0,3% BW 8

9 ELI-NP Facility Concept High rep-rate laser experiments PW Oscillators +OPCPA preamps 400mJ/ 10Hz/ <20fs 1PW block Apollon-type Ti:Sapph Flashlamp based 30J/ 0.1Hz/ <30fs multi-pw block Apollon-type Flashlamp based 300J/ 0.01Hz/ <30fs Multi-PW experiments Oscillators + OPCPA preamps 1PW block Apollon-type Ti:Sapph Flashlamp based multi-pw block Apollon-type Flashlamp based Laser DPSSL 10J/>100Hz Gamma beam Compton based MeV Combined lasergamma experiments e - accelerator Warm linac Gamma/eexperiments 9

10 Laboratories ELI-NP Main buildings Lasers Experiments 8 experimental areas Gamma and experiments

11 E~I laser 1/2 Secondary target Electrons are expelled from the target due to the chock wave induced by the powerful laser Heavy ions are accelerated in the field created by the electrons Electrons and ions accelerated at solid state densities e cm -3 never reached before (Classical beam densities 10 8 e cm -3 ) on very short distance (μm-mm) Primary radiations Energy reached equal to a 400m up-to-date accelerator (reduction of scale of 10 9 ) 11

12 Proton acceleration Maximum energy scales with laser beam intensity approximately as I 0.5 RPA simulations W/cm2,15 fs 12

13 Ion beam acceleration Dependence of maximum energy function of the ion species Graphs show results for multi-tw-class lasers Mylar target irradiated with a W/cm 2 laser pulse Vulcan 50TW, Appleton Lab, 2x10 19 W/cm 2, thick lead target 13

14 Stand-alone High Power Laser Experiments Nuclear Techniques for Characterization of Laser-Induced Radiations Modelling of High-Intensity Laser Interaction with Matter Stopping Power of Charge Particles Bunches with Ultra-High Density Laser Acceleration of very dense Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions Beams Laser-Accelerated Th Beam to produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei around the N = 126 Waiting Point of the r-process via the Fission-Fusion Reaction Studies of enhanced decay of 26 Al in hot plasma environments 14

15 Fission-fusion reaction SHE and Very neutron-rich nuclei a) Fission D, C, O + Th F L + F neutron rich fission fragments in target 232 Th + FF SHE fusion products Reaction of radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of beam + Radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of the target b) Fusion: F L + F L A Z 202 0s nuclei close to N=126 waiting point

16 E g n 1 cos 2 2g e E g ee0 1 g e a0 2 mc 4g n harmonic number ; E e mc 0 2 recoil parameter ; e a 0 ee m 0 ; E 0 0 Compton backscattering is the most efficient «frequency amplifier» w diff =4g e2 w laser E e =300 MeV and optical laser <=> g e ~ 600 => E g > 3 MeV but very weak cross section: cm 2 Therefore for a powerful γ beam, one needs: - high intensity electron beams - very brilliant optical photon beams - very small collision volume - very high repetition frequency 16

17 ELI-NP γ beam FLUX Laser Back-Compton Scattering Most efficient frequency amplifier Ee-=300 MeV, Eg= 3 MeV but very weak cross-section ~ 6, cm 2 Needs High intensity e- beam Very brillant high rep/rate Laser small collision volume Bandwidth %

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19 Science drivers at ELI-NP 1-High-resolution nuclear spectroscopy:.nuclear PHOTONICS Study of pygmy and giant dipole resonances Gamma scattering on nuclei Fine-structure of Photo-response above the Particle Threshold: the (γ,α), (γ,p) and (γ,n) Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on Rare Isotopes and Isomer Nuclear level density, Transition order-chaos 2-Few body systems via photodesintegration, (d, t,he,li) 3- Photo-fission (resonances,isomers, production) 4-Astrophysics of the r-, s-, p-processes in nucleosynthesis: masses of waiting point nuclei Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-process Branching Nuclei with Inverse Reactions Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p-process Nucleosynthesis 5-Fundamental Physics of Perturbative and Non-perturbative High- Field QED: Pair creation, high energy g rays, birefringence of the quantum vacuum.

20 Absorption g Separation threshold g g gs A X A Y Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) Photoactivation Photodisintegration (-activation) 20

21 aim: determination of transition strengths: need absolute values for ground state transition width NRF-experiments give product with branching ratio: assumption: no transition in low-lying states observed but: many small branchings in other states? self-absorption: measurement of absolute ground state transition widths 21

22 Astrophysics related studies Production of heavy elements in the Universe a central question for Astrophysics Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-process Branch - Nuclei with Inverse Reactions (g, n) the single studies on long-lived branching points (e.g. 147 Pm, 151 Sm, 155 Eu) showed that the recommended values of neutron capture cross sections in the models differ by up to 50% from the experimentally determined values Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p Process-Nucleosynthesis :Key reaction g 6 O 2 C a Determination of the reaction rates by an absolute cross section measurement is possible using monoenergetic photon beams produced at ELI-NP tremendous advance to measure these rates directly broad database of reactions high intense γ beam needed 22

23 Very High Fields :Laser + γ /e Beam Probing the Pair Creation from the Vacuum in the Focus of Strong Electrical Fields with a High Energy γ Beam The Real Part of the Index of Refraction of the Vacuum in High Fields: Vacuum Birefringence Cascades of e+e Pairs and γ -Rays triggered by a Single Slow Electron in Strong Fields Compton Scattering and Radiation Reaction of a Single Electron at High Intensities Nuclear Lifetime Measurements by Streaking Conversion Electrons with a Laser Field. 23

24 ELI-NP new science, new experimental approaches. ELI-NP will produce : New accelerator schemes Laser driven gamma beams High Resolution, high Intensity X-Ray Beam Intense Brilliant Positron-Source: 10 7 e + /[s(mm mrad) 2 ] And will contribute surely to develop the following apllications Radioscopy and Tomography Materials research in high intensity radiation fields Applications to characterization of Nuclear Waste 24

25 Radioisotopes for medical use New approaches and methods for producing radioisotopes urgently needed Mo-99 and other medical isotopes used globally for diagnostic medical imaging and radiotherapy 195m Pt: In chemotherapy of tumors it can be used to exclude nonresponding patients from unnecessary chemotherapy and optimizing the dose of all chemotherapy 25

26 Materials Science and Engineering manipulating materials on the nano- and femtoscales understand, at the atomic scale, the behavior of materials subject to extreme radiation doses and mechanical stress polarized positron beam new microscopy 26

27 NRF Applications to Nuclear materials Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials and Radioactive waste Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials and Radioactive waste isotope-specific identification 238U/235U, 239Pu/240 Pu scan containers for nuclear material and explosives Burn-up of nuclear fuel rods fuel elements are frequently changed in position to obtain a homogeneous burn-up measuring the final 235U, 238U content may allow to use fuel elements 20% longer 27

28 ELI-NP Timeline June 2012: Funding Phase 1 approved (180M ) Launch of large tender procedures- Civil engineering, Lasers,Gamma beams May 2013 Building Contract signed Construction Started June 14 th, 2013 : Foundation Stone Ceremony July 11th, X10 PW Lasers Contract signed July-Sept 2013 Launching Tender for Gamma Beam System June End 2014: TDRs for experiments ready End 2015: Lasers and Gamma Beam end of Phase : Lasers and Gamma beam Phase 2 -Beginning of operation 28

29 Invitations to submit Letters of Intents for ELI-NP, Participation: >100 researchers Building teams for ELI-NP Towards TDR s for experiments Two international working meetings were held at Magurele :Gamma june 2013 Laser and Gammas june 2013 More than 50 participannts in each ws,a real success!! 8 international working groups formed,conveners and ELI-NP Liaisons nominated The first steps towards the completion of the ELI-NP Technical Design Reports due for the end of 2014 and the formation of a many hundreds international user community 29

30 Exciting Perspectives Ultra high Intensity Laser can offer an Enormous Reduction in Size Gerard Mourou Global Science

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32 For the future, two handicaps Efficiency at the grid Repetition rate at high power Input 150kW Output: = 40W, efficiency<10-3

33 ICAN (European Project) The Future is Fibre Accelerators (Nature Photonic April 2013) G. Mourou Ecole Polytechnique(Fr) A. Tu nnermann U. Jena (De) D. Payne ORC, U. Southampton (UK) JP. Koutchouck CERN.

34 Very high potential of Scientific and Societal Applications of Relativistic, electron Protons(>GeV) Megawatt Power level (B ) Proton Colliders (Tevatron, LHC) Neutron sources (SNS, ESS) Neutrino Sources(SNS, ESS) Radioactive Ion Beam (FRIB, Eurisol) Gamma ray source Accelerator Driven Systems(Ch-ADS,MYRRHA) Electron linear collider Muon collider Free Electron laser at 10kHz Higgs factory!!! G. Mourou 34

35 ELI-NP will put Romania on the world map of frontier research facilities Thank you for your patience!

36 Ultrashort pulses can provide Photons and Particles with Short and Synchronized Time Structure in the femtosecond, attosecond, zeptosecond regimes Particules: Electrons Protons, muons, Visible High energy radiation: X, gamma ray

37 Proposed Gamma Beam Infrastructure Very high intensity, narrow bandwidth ~20keV resolution at E = 10MeV A crystal monochromator may bring the BW down to 10-6 Parameter Energy range (MeV) Relative bandwidth ELI-NP Laser, C.B. S-DALINAC Bremsstrahlun g NEPTUNE Bremss + PT AIST FEL, C.B. HIGS FEL, C.B. MEGA-ray Laser, C.B < 3.5 MeV <0.3% - >0.3% 1-8% 1-10% 0.1% Time-average >10 4 < ? < spectral density photons(ev*s) 37

38 Mission: Study matter from atom to vacuum Fundamental Research & Applications of Laser & Ion beams

39 February-April 2010 Scientific case White Book (100 scientists, 30 institutions) ( approved by ELI-NP International Scientific Advisory Board August 2010 Feasibility Study December 2010 Romanian Government: ELI-NP priority project August 2011 March 2012 Technical Design January 2012 Submission of the application for funding March 2012 Detailed technical design of the buildings. 39