Laser-based proton sources for medical applications

Transcription

1 Laser-based proton sources for medical applications V. Yu. Bychenkov, A. V. Brantov Lebedev Physics Institute, Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Research (CFAR), VNIIA, ROSATOM, Moscow ICAN Scientific Case, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau France, April 28-29, 2014

2 Outline 1. Optimization study of proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils 2. Nuclear pharmacology 2.1. SPECT isotope production 2.2. PET isotope factory 3. Hadron radiation therapy 3.3. Proton therapy 3.4. Neutron therapy 4. Other targets 5. Pulse quality effect 6. Conclusion

3 A long way to reach effective ion source: E max ~ 70 MeV (Korea: 80 MeV, Trident : 100 MeV) 1) 2000 max K = Elas MeV J 1 PW LLNL, 500 fs 450J, Wcm m CH target D=9 m Protons with E max = 58 MeV K= K dn d K D 2 K ~ 0.13 MeV/J 2) 2009 Trident, LLNL 150 TW, 500 fs 80J, Wcm -2 Pizza-Top Cone Target, D~9 m Protons with E max = 67 MeV K ~ 0.84 MeV/J K 2 :K 1 ~ K 2/K 1 ~ 7 3) 2012 Hercules, Michigan, 30 TW, 30 fs, D=1.5 m 2J, Wcm nm CH target Protons with E max = 21 MeV K ~ 11 MeV/J K 3 :K 1 ~ 2, K 3 :K 1 ~ 0.4 CAN - Coherent Amplification Network project. Could it be the driver for practical ion source?

4 Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils PIC simulations W/cm 2 1 PW Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l = 0.005λ - λ Important: 2D simulations overestimates ion energy up to 50%

5 PIC model. Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils E=0.03 J Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l = 0.005λ - λ

6 PIC model. Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils E=0.03 J E=0.3 J Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l = 0.005λ - λ

7 PIC model. Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils E=0.03 J E=0.3 J Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 E=3 J Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l = 0.005λ - λ

8 PIC model. Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils E=0.03 J E=30 J E=0.3 J Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 E=3 J Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l = 0.005λ - λ

9 Proton acceleration from ultra-thin foils Laser: = 30 fs, 4 m (FWHM) I = W/cm W/cm 2 Target: CH 2 foil (n e =200 n c ) with optimal thickness l 0 = 0.005λ - λ

10 Scaling vs absorbed intensity max Color curves theory: T e =mc 2 = 30 fs, D f = 2 μm = 30 fs, D f = 6 μm = 30 fs, D f = 4 μm = 150 fs, D f = 4 μm

11 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

12 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

13 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

14 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

15 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

16 3D proton acceleration by 30 J laser pulse I = W/cm 2, = 30 fs, focus spot 4 m (FWHM) Target CH 2 foil 0.1 m (n e =200 n c )

17 SPECT Isotope Production Traditionally created through the fission of weapons-grade uranium 235U(n,F)99Mo Tc99m (beta decay, 66 hours) Chalk River reactor in Canada and reactor in the Netherlands are to be closed by % 30% CH 2 Mo

18 99m Tc and side isotopes 98 Tc 100 Tc Ru (stable)

19 Proton acceleration from thin foil for Tc-99m production Maximum proton energy vs. target thickness for different laser pulse spots: d=4 m (small black dots), d=6 m (intermediate black dots) and d=10 m (large black dots). Grey dots: 5J, d=4 m Spectra of protons accelerated from the target with optimum thickness (left panel) and from the target with thickness of l_0=0.02 l (right panel): d=4 l (solid curves), d=6 l (dashed curves) and d= 10 l (dotted curves). Corresponding optimum thicknesses are: l=0.06 l, l=0.05 l, and l=0.03 l. Grey line shows the proton spectra for 5 J laser pulse focused into 4 l hot spot (l = 0.04 l).

20 6-hour overnight shift Tc-99m yield More than 200 doses About 450 doses Tc-99m/(Tc-99g+Tc-98+Tc-96m+Tc-96g+Tc-97m) 3 h for 10J at 10 khz

21 PET Isotope Factory PET - positron emission tomography 1 MeV K. Nemoto, A. Maksimchuk, S. Banerjee, K. Flippo, G. Mourou, D. Umstadter, and V. Yu. Bychenkov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, (2001) MANDOR s 3D preliminary result: 10 khz 10 J laser /min 21

22 Proton therapy with CAN ~10 m Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Германия 300 м 1) flux: s -1 2) Energy p: MeV, C: MeV/n 3) Energy spread: / max < 5 % protons per shot ( ~3%) of 220 MeV (15 cm deep) 100 Gy in 1 min (30J 100 Hz laser) Laser pulse: 30 J, 30 fs, 4 m Target: CH 2 foil, thickness 0.12 m To treat an eye tumor 2 cm deep is 50 MeV 10 6 protons per shot ( ~1%) of 50 MeV 0.01 Gy Eye tumors require Gy (1 g tumor 60 Gy ) Our simulations: 3J 100 Hz laser 60Gy in 1 min

23 Catcher for (p, Li), (d, Li) reaction Preplasma High Intensity Laser Target Accelerated Protons or Deuterons High energy neutrons directed Active interrogation of nuclear materials, neutron radiography, and nuclear waste treatment by transmutation 23

24 Neutron source with CAN VNIIA, ROSATOM n o /s (10 10 n o /s/sr) Energy =14.1 MeV (DT) 7 Li(d,n) 8 Be Laser pulse: 30 J, 30 fs, 4 m Target: CD 2 foil, thickness 0.12 m Deuteron energy 1< d <120 MeV Number of particles N d ~ ~0.1 neutrons per 1 deuteron 10 khz 30 J laser n o /s/sr 10 J, max =70 MeV, no essential N d decrease Neutron radiography (Non destructive control). Fast neutron therapy (salivary gland tumors). Boron neutron capture therapy (epithermal neutron beams, 10 B + n th [ 11 B] α + 7 Li MeV, brain tumors) It's worth to check Deuterated-tritiated plastic (CDT) targets. A trade-off between laser intensity and focal spot size? 24

25 Comparison of proton acceleration from solid dense and gas targets gas target thin foil target There could be modest advantage of gas target for an ideal gas-vacuum interface Gas target with minimum possible density ramp (optical machining method, C.-H. Pai, Phys. Plasmas 12, , 2005) of 10 m gas target with a ramp 25

26 Low-dense targets could be of interest because of lesser sensitivity to contrast and increased efficiency of interaction! Foamed graphite LPI-MSU Characteristics of foamed graphite bulk density 1 mg/l (air density 1.3 mg/l ) flake size mm size of nanotexture 0.1 m Single flake Foamed graphite 1000 m Nanotexture of flake 100 m 100 nm unbounded variation for doping by different salines controllable absorption of hydrogen and other gases

27 Thin (1) mount and (2) free-standing targets 1 2 Nano/micro low-dense sized film mounted onto different substrates for particle acceleration and X-ray generation (LPI) Micro sized low-dens targets (LPI) for particle acceleration Magnetically collimated particle beams B low dense stuff laser Axial magnetic field generated by intense circularly polarized laser pulse in underdense plasmas N. Naseri, V. Yu. Bychenkov, and W. Rozmus, Phys. Plasmas 17, (2010)

28 Proton acceleration by 0.3 J laser l=0.04 λ Two times energy increase!

29 Proton acceleration by 0.3 J laser l=0.04 λ l=0.01 λ Two times energy increase! Micro-structured surface results in increase of proton energy for moderate intense laser pulses suitable for neutron and isotope production

30 Pulse slope effect on proton acceleration Laser pulse temporal profile I, W/cm 2 Without pulse wings I = W/cm 2 fs With pulse wings Even sub-picoseconds pulse wings result in decreasing of proton energy!

31 Conclusion CAN system could provide the high-power proton (deuteron) and neutron beams for societal applications although detailed estimation of beam quality effect and newer more advanced targets are of urgent importance