PROIECTUL EXTREME LIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE ELI Academia Română, 24 mai 2011

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1 PROIECTUL EXTREME LIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE ELI Academia Română, 24 mai 2011 Dan C. Dumitras Department of Lasers, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, Romania ELI will be the first pan-european large-scale facility in Eastern Europe dedicated to multi-disciplinary applications

2 Intense Laser Fields The relativistic regime I L > W/cm 2 results in a plethora of novel effects: X-ray generation, γ-ray generation, relativistic self-focusing, high-harmonic generation, electron and proton acceleration, neutron and positron production, as well as the manifestation of nonlinear QED effects

3 Relativistic/Ultra-relativistic relativistic Regimes Relativistic regime: 1 < a 0 < 100, a 02 = I L λ L2 /(1.37 x Wμm 2 /cm 2 ) where a 0 is the normalized electric field amplitude, I L and λ L are the laser intensity and wavelength At a 0 = 1 the electron mass increases by 2 1/2 ; the limit a 0 ~ 100 corresponds to the 100 TW class lasers Ultra-relativistic regime: I L > W/cm 2 (a 0 ~ ) in this novel regime, positrons, pions, muons and neutrinos could be produced as well as high-energy photons this largely unexplored intensity territory will provide access to physical effects with much higher characteristic energies and will regroup many subfields of contemporary physics: atomic physics, plasma physics, particle physics, nuclear physics, gravitational physics, nonlinear field theory, ultrahigh-pressure physics, astrophysics and cosmology the ultra-relativistic regime opens possibilities of: i. extreme acceleration of matter so that generation of very energetic ii. iii. particle beams of leptons and hadrons becomes efficient efficient production (~ 10%) of attosecond or even zeptosecond pulses by relativistic compression occurring at rate of 600/a 0 [as] study of the field vacuum interaction effects

4 Peak Power - Pulse Duration Conjecture 1) To get high peak laser power we must decrease the pulse duration 2) To get short laser pulses we must increase the intensity Picosecond science (10 ps to a few hundredth fs): 25 years Femtosecond science (from a few hundredths fs to a few fs): 18 years Attosecond science (from a few hundredths as to a few as): it will take at least next 15 years the most important achievements are yet to come

5 Ultra-Short Pulses by Laser Mode-Locking ps Solid-State Laser Pulse duration (s) ps 100 fs 10 fs Dye Laser Ti:sapphire fs Compression Year Optical-Fiber Compression: 6 fs (1987) nj Hollow-Fiber Compression: 4,5 fs (1997) mj

6 From Femtosecond to Attosecond Gas jet Harmonics Red light (1.6 ev) 0 4 fs 80 as Intensity (arb. units) Intensity (arb. units) Photon energy (ev) Photon energy (ev) Odd harmonics of the red light are generated up to the soft X ray region

7 High Intensity Lasers and Interaction Regimes Bottlenecks: Solutions: - Large diffraction gratings with high damage threshold - Parallelization of systems - Large crystals (Φ > 200 mm for Ti:sapphire) - Coherent beam combination - High power pumping lasers

8 In 2007, a consortium formed by 13 European countries proposed a project entitled Extreme Light Infrastructure - Preparatory Phase (ELI PP) to be financed by FP-7 ELI-PP was approved and a contract financed by EU FP 7 Program for three years was signed (November 2007 December 2010) (6 M ; România: )

9 EXTREME LIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE (ELI) PROJECT ELI would be the first infrastructure dedicated to the fundamental study of laser-matter interaction in a new and unsurpassed regime of laser intensity: the ultra-relativistic regime (I L >10 23 W/cm²); it would be an exawatt-class laser ~1000 times more powerful than either existing laser; ELI would attain its extreme power from the shortness of its pulses (femtosecond and attosecond) The infrastructure would serve to investigate a new generation of compact accelerators delivering energetic particles and radiation beams of femtosecond (10-15 s) to attosecond (10-18 s) duration; relativistic compression offers the potential of intensities exceeding I L >10 25 W/cm², which would challenge the vacuum critical field as well as provide a new avenue to ultrafast attosecond to zeptosecond (10-21 s) studies of lasermatter interaction

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11 THE ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE GENERAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE SAL Support Actions Leader; STL Scientific and Technical Leader; CAL Co-ordination Action Leader

12 CANDIDATURA ROMÂNIEI A FOST APROBATĂ ÎN ŞEDINŢA DE GUVERN DIN , IAR MEMORANDUMUL A FOST SEMNAT DE PREŞEDINTELE ROMÂNIEI

13 Prague Resolutions Site Choice On October 1 st 2009, the 13 countries forming the ELI-PP consortium agreed to give the mandate to Cz, Hu and Ro to form the legal entity ELI-ERIC on which ELI will be build Beam-lines Science and Applications in Czech Rep. (260 M ) Attosecond Science and Applications in Hungary (180 M ) Nuclear Physics and Applications in Romania (280 M ) The forth pillar on High Field Science will be decided in 2012 after validation of the technology

14 Recent entry into force of ERIC (Aug 09) New Research Infrastructures a new Community legal framework Based on art. 171 EC Treaty, that allows the Community to set up European entities necessary for efficient execution of Community RTD programmes The regulation provides an easy-to-use legal tool: having legal personality recognized in all MS having a spirit of a truly European venture being flexible enough (one size doesn t fit all) with some privileges / exemptions

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16 ELI Courier

17 MĂGURELE THE ROMANIAN POLE OF PHYSICS BUCHAREST ring rail/road LASERS & PLASMA MATERIALS EARTH OPTOELECTRONICS Space Sciences Theoretical Physics Particle Physics Computing Nat. Phys. Library UNIVERSITY (Faculty of Physics) High School ENGINEERING NUCLEAR γ Irradiator Tandem acc. Waste Proc. Cyclotron Reactor (decomm.) Adv. Detectors Life & Env. Radioisotopes ELI- NP

18 CONFERINŢA LEI 2009 BRAŞOV, OCTOMBRIE 2009

19 CONFERINŢA LEI 2009 BRAŞOV, OCTOMBRIE 2009

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21 LEI Conference Proceedings

22 High Power fs Lasers at INFLPR CPA 2101 CLARK MXR, USA (0.7 mj) 4 GW/200 fs TEWALAS AMPLITUDE TECH. FRANCE (400 mj) 15 TW/25 fs CETAL 25 J 1 PW/25 fs ELI NP 2 x 150 J 2 x 10 PW/15 fs

23 CLARK MXR Laser CPA 2101 (2006) Er:glass fiber oscillator, frequency doubled - Laser wavelength: 1550 nm 75 nm - Pulse duration ~200 fs - Repetition rate: 35 MHz - Pulse energy ~43 pj - Average power ~1.5 mw Ti:sapphire regnerative amplifier - Laser wavelength 775 nm - Pulse duration ~ 200 fs - Repetition rate 2 khz - Maximum pulse energy ~ 700 μj - Average power ~ 1.4 W

24 Femtosecond Laser and the Experimental Set-up for Micro-nanotechnologies (2007) Laser control Laser writing system for micro-structures Operator fs LASER Laser wavelength, 775 nm; E pulse = 0.7 mj; t p < 200 fs; f rep = 2 khz

25 Experimental Room (2010) Computer control unit Clark MXR fs laser Stretcher-amplifier-compressor for fs multi-pulse generation Green nanosecond pump laser Micro-processing workstation

26 Direct Laser Writing (DLW) Workstation Microscope for 3D lithography and laser spectroscopy

27 Direct Laser Writing (DLW) - Results Microstructures produced by TPP in photopolymers Microwave devices produced by laser ablation Directional coupler Pass-Band Filter Antenna Laser induced nanostructures 1 µm

28 TEWALAS (> 15 TW) Laser System Layout (2009) Micro-processing set-up

29 INFLPR - TEWALAS Interaction chamber

30 TEWALAS 15-TW Laser Facility, INFLPR (a) (b) (c) (e) (d) (f) (a) Stretcher and Dazzler; (b) Green pump lasers; (c) Multi-pass amplifier 1; (d) Multi-pass amplifier 2; (e) Command/control unit; (f) Laser system alignment

31 power 100 mj 10 fs 100 fs 1 ps 1 J 100 TW 10 TW 1 TW 100 GW 10 GW pulse energy 10 J RAL APOLLON 100 J MPQ CLPU Salamanca 10 ps 100 ps pulse length 1 KJ RAL Jena GSI 1 ns LULI 10 PW Petal 1 PW European PW lasers and projects And more to come INFLPR

32 power pulse energy 1 J 10 J 100 J 1 KJ 1 ps 10 ps 100 ps 1 ns pulse length Peak power chart: State-of-the-art 100 mj 10 fs 100 fs Data from OECD - Global Science Forum OSAKA RAL LULI JENA Celia CUOS LOA LUND JAERI CUOS Jena Shanghai INFLPR Livermore CUOS ATLAS Osaka RAL Osaka LULI Brookhaven CPA fusion MBI MBI 10 PW 1 PW 100 TW 10 TW 1 TW 100 GW 10 GW CPA table top 100 TW 10 TW 1 TW power PFS and European visions 10 PW 1 PW 100 GW 10 GW

33 ELI- NP Mission Extreme Light Infrastructure - Romania is dedicated to Frontier Research in Nuclear Physics using a very high intensity laser system (10-30 PW) and a very brilliant, intense γ beam of up to 19 MeV, 0.1% bandwidth and γ/s Conclusions of Meeting of the Executive Committee for ELI NP (Măgurele, April 12 13, 2010): 1) Two arms of 10-PW Sapphire-based APOLLON laser is a minimum request for experiments 2) Possibility for a future upgrade to 4 arms in the second stage 3) ELI-NP gamma source is a warm LINAC accelerator of 600 MeV in the first stage ( ) 4) In the second stage (after 2015), an upgrade in energy and intensity, with a very good bandwidth, using the best solution available at that moment

34 IMPLEMENTATION FUNDING Funding of ELI NP M Site acquisition 0 Building costs 42 High-intensity Laser System (oscillators, front end, power amplifiers, compressors, etc.) 70 High-intensity Particle Accelerator 50 High-intensity pillar development 68 Experimental set-ups 50 TOTAL 280 RUNNING COSTS Salaries 15 Consumables 6 Maintenance costs 5 Travel expenses 2.5 Services 0.5 Utilities, overheads 1 Total RO-ERIC running cost 30 Note: 300 to 350 staff on the Bucharest site

35 ELI Delivery Consortium Kick-off Meeting, Prague, April 16, 2010

36 Letter to funding agencies representatives of ELI-PP July 1, 2010 Dear Madam/Sir, ELI Delivery Consortium On April 16, 2010, the plenipotentiaries for ELI of three countries, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania, signed the Memorandum of understanding on the establishment and operation of the Extreme Light Infrastructure (MoU). To achieve its basic goal, that is to pave the way to the future European research infrastructure consortium, ELI-ERIC, the Memorandum establishes a new interim operational structure, the ELI Delivery Consortium. The main goal of the ELI Delivery Consortium is the establishment of the ELI-ERIC and the detailed definition of the implementation plan. The signatories of the MoU wish to express the appreciation of the invaluable role of the ELI Preparatory Phase (ELI-PP) in preparing grounds for ELI to become a breakthrough pan-european research infrastructure. The ELI-PP is coming to its end in November We therefore wish to undertake our responsibility in the future development and implementation of ELI. A letter was sent out to funding agencies informing them of the future invitation to join ELI. We will summon a meeting of representatives of funding agencies, prospective members of the ELI Delivery Consortium who have participated in ELI-PP, at the end of this year. Sincerely, Vlastimil RŮŽIČKA Tivadar LIPPÉNYI Nicolae-Victor ZAMFIR, Plenipotentiaries of Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania for the ELI Project

37 ELI- NP White Book Draft documents elaborated at the end of May 2010: The Scientific Case of ELI-NP Laser system for the ELI-NP Gamma source for the ELI-NP White Book Feasibility study & Application for structural funds in Sept. 2010

38 Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics facility (ELI-NP) will consist of two components: - A very high intensity laser, where two 10 PW Apollon type lasers are coherently added to the high intensity of W/cm 2 or electrical fields of V/m. - A very intense (10 13 γ/s), brilliant γ beam, 0.1% bandwidth, with E γ 19 MeV, which is obtained by incoherent Compton back scattering of a laser light off a very brilliant, intense, classical electron beam (E e 600 MeV). The brilliant bunched electron beam will be produced by a worm linac using the X-band technology. ELI-NP will allow either combined experiments between the high-power laser and the γ beam or stand-alone experiments. This infrastructure will create a new European laboratory with a broad range of science covering frontier fundamental physics, new nuclear physics and astrophysics as well as applications in nuclear materials, radioactive waste management, material science and life sciences.

39 ELI NP Laser Architecture ELI-NP Schematic Drawing I > W/cm 2 ELI-NP Laser scheme. FE1, FE2 Font-End based on OPCPA or Ti:sapphire amplification. A1-A5 Ti:sapphire amplifiers.

40 ELI-NP Feasibility Study On September 6, 2010, the Feasibility Study for ELI-NP was approved by the beneficiary (IFIN-HH). It is based on: - ELI-NP White Book - a geotechnical study (drillings up to 50 m deep) - radioprotection calculations - an environment impact study - a cost-benefit analysis The facility (12 ha) will have: - main building for laser, gamma source and interaction rooms (1.2 ha) - offices for 200 persons - canteen for 100 persons - guest house for 30 persons - parking for 200 vehicles - access roads - technical annexes

41 ELI-NP Feasibility Study There will be 8 experimental zones: E1 laser induced nuclear reactions E2 fluorescence nuclear resonance and applications E3 positron source E4/E5 accelerated particle beams induced by high power laser beams (0.1/1 PW, high repetition rate) E6 intense electron and gamma beams induced by ultrahigh power laser beams (> 10 PW) E7 experiments with combined laser and gamma beams E8 nuclear reactions induced by high energy gamma beams

42 ACCESS ROAD LASER LAB S GAMMA + EXP GUEST HOUSE PARKING CANTEEN OFFICES

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44 GAMMA SOURCE AND INTERACTION ROOMS LASERS LABS

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48 Femtosecond Laser Studies and Experiments Micro/nano-technologies (low energy, high repetition rate): -Thin films micro-processing by femtosecond laser ablation - Nano-processing in intensified laser field - Direct laser writing of micro/nanostructures by two-photon photopolymerization - Two-Photon Excited Spectroscopy At higher power femtosecond lasers: - Multiple pulses generation in stretcher-compressor femtosecond laser systems - Simulations and experiments of coherent beam combination - Non-linear propagation of focused ultrashort pulses in air - Theoretical studies of high intensity laser field matter interaction

49 Proton therapy vs. X-rays Left: image of the human brain superimposed with a deposited dose by an X-rays irradiation; right: same, but using protons in proton therapy, the dose is deposited much more locally

50 ELI- NP Thank You!