SOUTH CAROLINA HALL OF FAME

Transcription

1 SOUTH CAROLINA HALL OF FAME Correlation with South Carolina Standards Charles Duke

2 South Carolina Social Studies Standards Charles Duke Standard 8-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics, structure, and predictable motions of celestial bodies. (Earth Science) Summarize the characteristics and movements of objects in the solar system (including planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteors) Explain the motions of Earth and the Moon and the effects of these motions as they orbit the S Explain how gravitational forces are influenced by mass and distance Explain the effects of gravity on tides and planetary orbits Explain the difference between mass and weight by using the concept of gravitational force. (including day, year, phases of the Moon, eclipses, and tides). Standard 7-5: The student will demonstrate an understanding of international developments during the Cold War era Analyze the political and technological competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for global influence, including the Korean Conflict, the Berlin Wall, the Vietnam War, the Cuban missile crisis, the space race, and the threat of nuclear annihilation. 2

3 S.C. Hall of Fame Biography Charles Duke Inducted into the South Carolina Hall Of Fame, Charles Duke, Jr. is one of only twelve people to ever walk on the Moon as part of the historic Apollo 16 mission in

4 To the Moon and Back In this activity students will learn about the moon and the Apollo 16 mission by playing a game that helps Charles Duke in his flight to the moon. The activity uses information from the Hall of Fame video on Charles Duke, and the 8 th SC earth science text book, as well as public domain photos that illustrate different aspects of the Apollo 16 mission. There are three types of game cards: fact cards, picture cards, and video cards Rules of the Game The game follows the format of a traditional board game, but with technological capabilities. In moving pieces across the board, students can land on spaces where one of three different game cards, fact, picture, video, will be utilized. The first student/group to get Charles Duke from Earth to the moon and back again, wins the game. The game can be played as a small group activity if enough tablet/computer devices are available, or as a class/large group activity using smartboard/projection technology. In the whole class scenario, the class will be divided into two different sides, (if emphasizing the Cold War aspect of the space race, one side can be the United States, the other the Soviet Union). The computer projection will show the game board with spaces leading from the earth to the moon, and back to the earth again. There should be 43 spaces. Some spaces will be blank (indicating fact cards), other spaces will be labeled picture (indicating the student is to pick a question from the picture cards), and some spaces will be labeled video (indicating the student is to pick a question from the video cards) There is one jump two spaces forward space showing of video of Charles Duke trying to pick up a hammer he dropped on the moon surface. All cards have facts, but the picture/video cards relate directly to the picture/video selected. Also on the screen is a die that when clicked will randomly pick a number between 1 and 6. This die should ideally look and sound like a die. Each side will randomly pick a number between 1 and 6 and the die click will determine which side goes first. The game begins on earth and progresses into space and back to earth again (ideally to the Pacific Ocean) 4

5 The first question will go to the first student on the side chosen to go first. The student will click the die to indicate the number of moves he/she can make. This review is for every student and each student should have a turn answering questions. The teacher can decide whether to give students choices (multiple choices for answers), or perhaps can build in help (like each student gets to ask one friend for help during game play). If the student gets the answer correct, the student moves his/her game piece the number of spaces indicated on the die roll. The play automatically goes to the other side. The die is clicked and a roll between 1 and 6 is possible. If the answer is correct, the play automatically goes to the next group, the die is rolled and play proceeds as already described. If an incorrect answer is given, the question is automatically given to the player whose turn it is to respond on the other team. If he/she answers the question correctly the spaces are stolen from the other team. If neither team answers correctly, the teacher answers the question and game play proceeds. Regardless of a correct or incorrect answer, the team whose turn it would have been before the incorrect answer regains control of the question. In this way no one team monopolizes play, but it gives some advantage for correct answers. Game cards with questions & answers: 1. Why does the same side of the moon always face the earth? A: The earth s rotation on its axis and the moon s rotation on its axis take the same amount of time. 2. Why does the moon seem to shine? A: The moon s surface reflects sunlight. 3. In which phase of the moon do you see more of the moon s illuminated surface each night? A: waxing 4. In which phase does all of the moon s surface face earth and reflect earth s light? A: full moon 5. In which phase do you see less of the moon s illuminated half? A: waning 5

6 6. In which phase is the moon between the earth and sun, and the moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the sun and its dark side faces earth? A: new moon 7. Which takes longer, the moon s orbit around the earth, or the length of time it takes the moon to complete a cycle of phases? A: the length of time it takes the moon to complete a cycle of phases 8. In the waxing phase of the moon the illuminated portion of the moon grows larger or smaller? A: larger 9. In the waning phase of the moon the illuminated portion of the moon grows larger or smaller? A: smaller 10. What type of eclipse occurs when the earth passes directly between the sun and the moon? A: lunar eclipse 11. What type of eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between the earth and the sun? A: solar eclipse 12. What do you call depressions on the moon s surface? A: craters (Picture card) 13. What do you call the flat dark regions found within craters on the moon s surface? A: maria 14. The Apollo 16 space mission helped to verify a long held theory about how the moon was formed. In simple terms, explain the collision theory on how it is believed the moon was formed. A: The moon may have formed as a result of a collision between earth and a mars-sized object. 15. How many people have actually walked on the moon? A: Which South Carolinian was the 10 th and youngest man to walk on the moon? A: Charles Duke (picture card) 17. What two reasons did Charles Duke give for volunteering for the space program? A: He loved exploration and adventure 6

7 18. What year was Charles Duke selected by NASA for the space program? A: Which Apollo mission was the first to land on the moon? A: Apollo What year did man land on the moon? A: Which president began the Apollo Lunar program and set as the lofty goal to reach the moon by the end of the 1960s? A: John F. Kennedy In which Apollo mission was Charles Duke Capcom, meaning he was the only individual at mission control allowed to speak to the astronauts? A: Apollo 11 (picture card) 23. In 1969 Charles Duke gave this quote as he was speaking to the astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission. Of what was he and others at mission control fearful? A: Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed. Roger, Tranquility. We copy you on the ground. We ve got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We re breathing again. - mission control was fearful they may have to abort the mission. (video clip from HOF video) 24. Which Apollo mission was Charles Duke the back-up lunar module pilot and in which he unknowingly exposed the primary crew to German measles? A: Apollo What nickname was Charles Duke given because he exposed the crew to German measles? A: Typhoid Mary 26. Apollo 13 experienced a catastrophic accident. (Clip of Apollo 13 We ve got a problem moment HOF video) How did Charles Duke respond to this event? A: He manned the lunar modular simulator to find ways to bring the Apollo 13 crew back to earth 27. On which Apollo mission did Charles Duke serve as lunar module pilot? A: Apollo Why did Charles Duke say the Saturn V rocket was the greatest technological achievement of the 20 th century? (picture card) A: It was built for one purpose, to send men and machines to the moon. 7

8 29. Which staple food, often associated with the south, did Charles Duke eat while on the Apollo 16 mission, making him the first astronaut to eat this food in space? A: grits 30. It took five days for the journey from earth before the lunar module finally touched the moon s surface on April 21 st. What year did the Apollo 16 lunar module touch down on the moon s surface? A: 1972 (picture card) 31. The Apollo 16 mission explored the Descartes Highland region collecting rocks and performing experiments. Which branch of the natural sciences studies rocks? A: geology (picture card) 32. What is the imaginary vertical line that cuts through the center of Earth and around which Earth spins? A: axis 33. Which theory states that about 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began with a huge, fiery explosion? A: big bang theory 34. What is the third planet from the Sun; has an atmosphere that protects life and surface temperatures that allow water to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas? A: Earth 35. What is the force that acts to oppose sliding between two surfaces that are touching? A: friction 36. What do you call a meteoroid that strikes the surface of a moon or planet? A: meteorite 37. This is the name of the system of nine planets, including Earth, and other objects that revolve around the Sun. A: solar system 38. Why would this picture, left by Charles Duke, still be on the moon s surface a thousand years from now? (picture card) A: the moon has no atmosphere, therefore no weather or wind 39. In the picture taken by Charles Duke of John Young jumping and giving a naval salute, why does John Young appear so light, and find it so easy to jump? (picture card) A: There is no atmosphere on the moon and the surface gravity is 1/6 of the gravity on earth, making people and objects weigh less on the moon. 8

9 40. Both the earth and the moon revolve around a common center of mass found in the earth. The gravitational pull of the moon and the earth causes the earth s oceans to bulge on either side of the earth creating the tides. When the moons gravity pulls harder on the parts of the earth closer to the moon which tide will occur? (picture card) A: high tide 41. The heating of the lunar module when it reenters the earth s atmosphere would be an example of what? (picture card) A: friction 42. Bounce ahead 2 spaces Charles Duke goes to lunar module to get a tool to pick up the hammer Bounce ahead 2 spaces Determine your weight on the moon - 9

10 Additional Activities A. This game involves picture cards which depict an Apollo mission s journey to the moon and back. The cards are shown lying face down. You must flip the cards and order them correctly, placing them in a sequence that would accurately depict a mission s journey from the moon and back to earth. Cards that are ordered correctly will stay where placed, incorrect placement will cause the card to return to its face-down position. B. In the future, historians will look at pictures and artifacts to help decipher how individuals lived in the 20 th century. Look at the NASA insignia, Apollo insignia, and the patches from some of Apollo missions, especially Apollo Mission 16 which involved Hall of Fame recipient, and famous South Carolinian, Charles Duke. These potential future artifacts can tell later generations about the space race and the Apollo missions. Pretend you are one of these future historians who has been given the task of studying the insignias and patches; use the questions to help interpret possible meanings. 1. Can you determine a specific time period by simply looking at the insignia/patch, if so when? 2. When looking at the insignia/patch where does your eye go first? 3. What do you see that you didn t expect? 4. What powerful words or ideas are expressed in the insignia/patch? 5. What feelings and thoughts does the insignia/patch trigger in you? 6. What questions does the insignia/patch raise? 7. What was happening during this time period? 8. For what purpose was the insignia/patch created? 9. Did the creator of the insignia/patch get his or her point across? 10. Was this insignia/patch intended for a specific audience, if so who? 11. What biases or stereotypes do you see? 12. Is there anything that connects the insignias/patches, do you see a common thread? 13. Summarize what you learned from the insignia/patch. 14. What specific reasons and evidence do you have to support your conclusions? 10

11 Resources Charles Duke =X&ei=UviVU57xBKen8AHR2YCwDw&ved=0CGoQsAQ&biw=1301&bih=

12 Credits South Carolina Social Studies Standard Correlations were provided by Lisa Ray The purpose of the South Carolina Hall of Fame is to recognize and honor both contemporary and past citizens who have made outstanding contributions to South Carolina's heritage and progress. Funding for Knowitall.org was provided by the S. C. General Assembly through the K-12 Technology Initiative. Visit scetv.org/education for more educational resources. 12