Wonders of Sky. Sitha K Jagan. Research Scholar Department of Physics University of Calicut

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1 Wonders of Sky Sitha K Jagan Research Scholar Department of Physics University of Calicut

2

3 Night Sky???? Moon Stars Planets Galaxies Nebulea Clusters

4 Moon

5 Stars VY Canis Majoris Largest star constellation Canis Major 2600 solar radii size

6 Planets

7 Venus

8 Galaxy

9 Galaxy (Andromeda) Messier 31/M31

10 Nebula

11 Nebula (Horsehead)

12 Clusters

13 Deep Sky

14 Deep Sky

15 Stars (Sun)

16 Invisible Light/Inaudible Sound All light can't be seen!!

17 Invisible Light/Inaudible Sound All light can't be seen! & All Sound can't be hear

18 Audible Sound 20 Hz 20 vibrations per second 2x104 Hz 20,000 vibrations per seco Hz means Hertz

19 Stars (Sun)

20 Invisible Light/Inaudible Sound All light can't be seen!

21 Invisible Light/Inaudible Sound All light can't be seen! & All Sound can't be hear

22 Audible Sound 20 Hz 20 vibrations per second 2x104 Hz 20,000 vibrations per seco

23 Inaudible Sound Infrasonic Ultrasonic Earthquakes Bat 20 Hz 2x104 Hz

24 Visible Light/Audible Sound 20 Hz = 20 vibrations per second 2x104 Hz = 20,000 vibrations per second 4x1014 Hz = 400,000,000,000,000 oscillations per s 8x1014 Hz = 800,000,000,000,000 oscilliations per seco

25 Electromagnetic Spectrum (Light) High Energy Low Energy Radio wave Micro wave Infrared Ultraviolet ray ray 106Hz 1010Hz 1012Hz 1016Hz X-ray Gamma ray 1018Hz 1020Hz Visible Light Low Energy High Energy

26 Electromagnetic Spectrum (Light) What it means?

27 Electromagnetic Spectrum (Light) High Energy Low Energy Radio wave Micro wave Infrared Ultraviolet ray ray 106Hz 1010Hz 1012Hz 1016Hz X-ray Gamma ray 1018Hz 1020Hz We don't see most if we depend only on ou Visible Light Technology helps us to see the unseen Low Energy High Energy

28 Who emits light? Matter!! A hot matter!!

29 Who emits light? Matter!! A hot matter!! ~ 200o C emits infra red

30 Who emits light? Matter!! A hot matter!! ~ 200o C emits infra red ~ 800o C emits red light

31 Who emits light? Matter!! A hot matter!! ~ 200o C emits infra red ~ 800o C emits red light ~ 2,000o C emits blue light

32 Who emits light? Matter!! A hot matter!! Colour/Frequency of emitted light depends on Temperature Composition

33 Star light Let us heat up a Star!! 4,100o C emits 5,500o C emits 6,000o C emits 10,000o C = 105 oc emits ultra violet 10,000,000o C = 107 oc emits X-rays 10,000,000,000o C = 1010 oc emits gamma ra

34 Star light Let us heat up a Star!! 4,100o C emits High frequency 5,500o C emits High energy 6,000o C emits Hotter the star is! 10,000o C = 105 oc emits ultra violet 10,000,000o C = 107 oc emits X-rays 10,000,000,000o C = 1010 oc emits gamma ra

35 Man (Visible light)

36 Man (Infrared)

37 Man (Visible light)

38 Man (X-ray)

39 Man (Visible light)

40 Man (Gamma-ray)

41 Atmosphere Multiwavelength Astronomy

42 Multiwavelength Astronomy Atmosphere Radio Star

43 Multiwavelength Astronomy Gauribidanur Radio Observatory Bangalore Ooty Radio Telescope Ootacamund Atmosphere Gaint Meterwave Radio Telescope Pune Radio Star

44 Multiwavelength Astronomy Atmosphere Infra red Star

45 Multiwavelength Astronomy Himalayan Chandra Telescope Hanle Mt. Abu IR Observatory Mt. Abu Spitzer NASA Atmosphere Infra red Star

46 Multiwavelength Astronomy Atmosphere Visible Star

47 Multiwavelength Astronomy Himalayan Chandra Telescope Hanle Vainu Bappu Observatory Kavalur Atmosphere Visible Star IUCAA Girawali Observatory Pune Devasthal Optical Telescope Nanital

48 Multiwavelength Astronomy Atmosphere X-ray & Ultra violet Star

49 Multiwavelength Astronomy X-ray & Ultra violet Star Chandra NASA XMM-Newton ESA Atmosphere INDIA

50 Multiwavelength Astronomy Atmosphere Gamma ray Star

51 Multiwavelength Astronomy Fermi NASA Atmosphere TACTIC MT. Abu Gamma ray Star HAGAR Hanle

52 Star (Sun like)

53 Star (Sun like) 5,500o C

54 Star (Sun like) 5,500o C 10,000o C Ultra violet

55 Star (Sun like) 5,500o C 10,000o C 1,000,000o C Ultra violet X-rays

56 Star (Sun like) Photosphere 5,500o C Visible Light

57 Star (Sun like) Chromosphere 10,000o C Ultraviolet Light

58 Star (Sun like) Corona 1,000,000o C X-ray

59 Nebula (Crab) Radio Crab!! Credit: National Radio Astronomy Observa NSF, USA

60 Nebula (Crab) Visible Crab!! Credit: Hubble Space Telescope NASA, USA

61 Nebula (Crab) Ultraviolet Crab!! Credit: Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope NASA, USA

62 Nebula (Crab) X-ray Crab!! Credit: Chandra X-ray Telescope NASA, USA

63 Nebula (Crab) Composite Crab!! Blue - X-ray Green - Optical Red - Radio Credit: National Radio Astronomy Observa Hubble Space Telescope Chandra X-ray Telescope NASA, USA

64 Active Galaxy

65 Active Galactic Nuclie(AGN) The nucleus of a galaxy with luminosity >1044 ergs/s The galaxy which host an AGN is known as Active Galaxy AGN Structure AGN Classification

66 Galaxy (3C 273) Radio

67 Galaxy (3C 273) Radio Visible

68 Galaxy (3C 273) Radio Visible X-ray

69 Cosmic Rays Hot matter particle escaping from the heavenly bodies and reaching us Unlike light they do not travel straight but deflected by cosmic magnets

70 Cosmic Rays Pierre Auger Observatory

71 Extreme Universe Maximum energy of the matter particle? Cosmic ray (Pierre Auger Observatory)

72 Conclusion Large Hadron Collider Still Our Universe is Largely Invisible and Unknown!! Maximum energy achieved ~ oc = C o Matter particle ~ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 oc From Universe 16 Light ~ 10,000,000,000,000,000 oc = 10 o C!!

73 Conclusion Large Hadron Collider Still Our Universe is Largely Invisible and Unknown!! r a t s 17 e l t Maximum energy achieved ~ C = 10 C t i l e l? k e r n i a w u t o e y l k t n a i h w T Matter oparticle r~w e 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 d n w I w o H From Universe o o 16 Light ~ 10,000,000,000,000,000 oc = 10 o C!! sithajagan@gmail.com o C

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