Astronomy 1504/15014 Section 20

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1 1 point each Astronomy 1504/15014 Section 20 Midterm 1 (Practice Exam) September 21, 2015 Exam Version A Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers. Take your time. If a question is unclear, ask for clarification during the exam. Mark your answers on the scantron sheet and on your copy of the exam. Keep your copy of the exam and check your grade with the posted answers on the course website and the grade posted on D2L. You will have 1 week to ask for corrections. 1. The Exam Version listed at the top is: Version A Version B Version C 2. In which way does a photon of blue light NOT differ from a photon of red light? Energy Speed in vacuum Wavelength Color Frequency 3. The name of an element is determined by the number of: electrons protons and neutrons neutrons protons 4. The Balmer series of neutral hydrogen, H I involves transitions of the electron between: The ground state (n=1) and the continuum The second level (n=2) and higher excited states (n > 3) The third level (n=3) and higher excited states (n > 4) The the ionization of hydrogen H H + + e All of the above 1

2 5. Kepler s second law implies that: 6. Interferometry: a planet should move at its greatest speed when it is closest to the sun the most massive planets will have the greatest speed in their orbits the speed of a planet in its orbit depends on the size of the epicycle the mass of the planet determines how far the planet is from the sun the deferent and the epicycle have to be attached to the sun and not to the Earth is used to improve the resolving power of telescopes decreases the chromatic aberration of a telescope works only for large X-ray and UV telescopes requires that radio telescopes be within a few hundred feet of each other none of the above 7. Another way of saying one million years is: 10 2 yr 10 3 yr 10 6 yr 10 8 yr 10 9 yr 8. The chemical composition of stars (what elements they are made of), are studied by using: imaging photomentry computers spectroscopy photography 9. The force that prevents my hand from going through the table is: The strong force The weak force The electromagnetic force Gravity 2

3 10. Astronomers put telescopes on the tops of mountains in dry remote locations because: They want to get away from light pollution The want to get as high as they can where the atmosphere is thinner and seeing is better They want to minimize the amount of water vapor to work in the infrared 11. Stars in the same constellation: probably formed at the same time must be part of the same cluster of stars in space must have been discovered at about the same time at the same location in space may actually be at very different distances away from the Earth and from each other 12. How much of the night sky is south of the celestial equator? Less than one-half, because of the tilt of the equator to the ecliptic plane More than one-half because of the precession of poles Exactly one-half All of the night sky 13. A telescope that shows no chromatic aberration and has a high light gathering power is most likely: a small diameter reflector a small diameter refractor a large diameter refractor a large diameter reflector a gamma-ray telescope 14. A G3 star is moving away the earth with a velocity of 10,000 km/s. Its spectral lines are: Not visible Shifted to the red end of the spectrum Shifted to the blue end of the spectrum Not shifted at all 3

4 15. In the demonstration with the bagel in class, when the string cut through the bagel, the bagel: continued to move in a circle went outwards due the centrifugal force continued in a straight line none of the above 16. Kepler s third law: is not understood by modern physics says that the planets move in ellipses is a relationship between the orbital period, the mean separation, and the masses 17. An observer at Earth s geographic North Pole would find: the celestial equator passing at 45 degrees above the northern horizon the celestial equator passing at 45 degrees above the southern horizon the celestial equator coincides with their horizon the celestial equator passing directly overhead None of the above are true 18. Newton concluded that a force from the earth had to act on the moon because: a force is needed to keep the moon in motion in its orbit a force is needed to pull the moon outward a force is needed to accelerate the moon toward the earth and away from straight-line motion the moon moved at a constant velocity in a straight line 19. The average distance from the Earth to the sun is: 1 light year 1 AU 1 km 1 million miles 1 billion km 4

5 20. What is the relationship between the color of an object and wavelength? The wavelength is not related to the color The color is determined by the wavelength region where the object is brightest All colors of light have the same wavelength Wavelength depends on brightness and not color 21. The Light Gathering Power of a telescope depends on: The magnification of the eyepiece The area of the mirror or lens Whether it is a reflector or a refractor The focal length of the mirror or lens 22. Given 2 telescopes: an 12 inch reflector and a 1 meter refractor, which would be able to see the dimmest objects? The reflector The refractor It depends on the magnification Can t tell since the reflector doesn t have chromatic abberation, but it is smaller than the refractor 23. Atomic nuclei are made of: protons and neutrons protons and electrons protons and neutrinos neutrinos and electrons 24. The spectrum of an ordinary star is: a purely continuous spectrum a continuous spectrum with superimposed absorption lines (absorption spectrum) a continuous spectrum with superimposed emission lines an emission line spectrum 25. The amount of energy per unit area per second emitted by a blackbody is: proportional to the temperature σt inversely proportional to the temperature σ/t proportional to the temperature squared σt 2 proportional to the temperature to the fourth power σt 4 5

6 26. Seeing refers to: the vibration of a telescope due to winds the blurring of stellar images due to turbulence in the earth s atmosphere the brightness of the night sky the visual inspection of the spectrum of a star 27. Which of these has the lowest frequency? ultraviolet radiation radio waves infrared radiation gamma rays 28. The process of removing an electron from an atom is known as: ionization nuclear fission quantization collisional broadening. 29. The apparent visual magnitude of a star is a measure of the star s: size distance brightness color temperature 30. Which of the following produces an emission line spectrum: Hot, dense gas Hot, thin gas A stellar atmosphere A hot, glowing solid 31. The wavelength where a blackbody is brightest λ max is: proportional to the temperature λ max = T inversely proportional to the temperature λ max = /T proportional to the temperature squared λ max = T 2 proportional to the temperature to the fourth power λ max = T 4 6

7 32. Of NASA s great observatories, which one includes a UV telescope? Chandra X-ray Observatory Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Spitzer Space Telescope Hubble Space Telescope James Webb Space Telescope 33. The two major windows (regions of transparency) of our atmosphere are the windows: radio and infrared radio and visual (or optical) ultraviolet and visual x-ray and radio 34. The energy of a photon: is proportional to the wavelength of the light is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light depends only on the speed of the light depends only on the mass of the photon depends on both the mass and speed of the photon 35. The full moon rises: at sunrise at sunset at noon at midnight 36. It is possible for electrons in a hydrogen atom to move from one level to the next (either up or down) by: absorbing a photon emitting a photon having a collision with a free electron 7

8 Answer Key for Exam A 1 point each Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers. Take your time. If a question is unclear, ask for clarification during the exam. Mark your answers on the scantron sheet and on your copy of the exam. Keep your copy of the exam and check your grade with the posted answers on the course website and the grade posted on D2L. You will have 1 week to ask for corrections. 1. The Exam Version listed at the top is: Version A Version B Version C 2. In which way does a photon of blue light NOT differ from a photon of red light? Energy Speed in vacuum Wavelength Color Frequency 3. The name of an element is determined by the number of: electrons protons and neutrons neutrons protons 4. The Balmer series of neutral hydrogen, H I involves transitions of the electron between: The ground state (n=1) and the continuum The second level (n=2) and higher excited states (n > 3) The third level (n=3) and higher excited states (n > 4) The the ionization of hydrogen H H + + e All of the above 1

9 5. Kepler s second law implies that: 6. Interferometry: a planet should move at its greatest speed when it is closest to the sun the most massive planets will have the greatest speed in their orbits the speed of a planet in its orbit depends on the size of the epicycle the mass of the planet determines how far the planet is from the sun the deferent and the epicycle have to be attached to the sun and not to the Earth is used to improve the resolving power of telescopes decreases the chromatic aberration of a telescope works only for large X-ray and UV telescopes requires that radio telescopes be within a few hundred feet of each other none of the above 7. Another way of saying one million years is: 10 2 yr 10 3 yr 10 6 yr 10 8 yr 10 9 yr 8. The chemical composition of stars (what elements they are made of), are studied by using: imaging photomentry computers spectroscopy photography 9. The force that prevents my hand from going through the table is: The strong force The weak force The electromagnetic force Gravity 2

10 10. Astronomers put telescopes on the tops of mountains in dry remote locations because: They want to get away from light pollution The want to get as high as they can where the atmosphere is thinner and seeing is better They want to minimize the amount of water vapor to work in the infrared 11. Stars in the same constellation: probably formed at the same time must be part of the same cluster of stars in space must have been discovered at about the same time at the same location in space may actually be at very different distances away from the Earth and from each other 12. How much of the night sky is south of the celestial equator? Less than one-half, because of the tilt of the equator to the ecliptic plane More than one-half because of the precession of poles Exactly one-half All of the night sky 13. A telescope that shows no chromatic aberration and has a high light gathering power is most likely: a small diameter reflector a small diameter refractor a large diameter refractor a large diameter reflector a gamma-ray telescope 14. A G3 star is moving away the earth with a velocity of 10,000 km/s. Its spectral lines are: Not visible Shifted to the red end of the spectrum Shifted to the blue end of the spectrum Not shifted at all 3

11 15. In the demonstration with the bagel in class, when the string cut through the bagel, the bagel: continued to move in a circle went outwards due the centrifugal force continued in a straight line none of the above 16. Kepler s third law: is not understood by modern physics says that the planets move in ellipses is a relationship between the orbital period, the mean separation, and the masses 17. An observer at Earth s geographic North Pole would find: the celestial equator passing at 45 degrees above the northern horizon the celestial equator passing at 45 degrees above the southern horizon the celestial equator coincides with their horizon the celestial equator passing directly overhead None of the above are true 18. Newton concluded that a force from the earth had to act on the moon because: a force is needed to keep the moon in motion in its orbit a force is needed to pull the moon outward a force is needed to accelerate the moon toward the earth and away from straight-line motion the moon moved at a constant velocity in a straight line 19. The average distance from the Earth to the sun is: 1 light year 1 AU 1 km 1 million miles 1 billion km 4

12 20. What is the relationship between the color of an object and wavelength? The wavelength is not related to the color The color is determined by the wavelength region where the object is brightest All colors of light have the same wavelength Wavelength depends on brightness and not color 21. The Light Gathering Power of a telescope depends on: The magnification of the eyepiece The area of the mirror or lens Whether it is a reflector or a refractor The focal length of the mirror or lens 22. Given 2 telescopes: an 12 inch reflector and a 1 meter refractor, which would be able to see the dimmest objects? The reflector The refractor It depends on the magnification Can t tell since the reflector doesn t have chromatic abberation, but it is smaller than the refractor 23. Atomic nuclei are made of: protons and neutrons protons and electrons protons and neutrinos neutrinos and electrons 24. The spectrum of an ordinary star is: a purely continuous spectrum a continuous spectrum with superimposed absorption lines (absorption spectrum) a continuous spectrum with superimposed emission lines an emission line spectrum 25. The amount of energy per unit area per second emitted by a blackbody is: proportional to the temperature σt inversely proportional to the temperature σ/t proportional to the temperature squared σt 2 proportional to the temperature to the fourth power σt 4 5

13 26. Seeing refers to: the vibration of a telescope due to winds the blurring of stellar images due to turbulence in the earth s atmosphere the brightness of the night sky the visual inspection of the spectrum of a star 27. Which of these has the lowest frequency? ultraviolet radiation radio waves infrared radiation gamma rays 28. The process of removing an electron from an atom is known as: ionization nuclear fission quantization collisional broadening. 29. The apparent visual magnitude of a star is a measure of the star s: size distance brightness color temperature 30. Which of the following produces an emission line spectrum: Hot, dense gas Hot, thin gas A stellar atmosphere A hot, glowing solid 31. The wavelength where a blackbody is brightest λ max is: proportional to the temperature λ max = T inversely proportional to the temperature λ max = /T proportional to the temperature squared λ max = T 2 proportional to the temperature to the fourth power λ max = T 4 6

14 32. Of NASA s great observatories, which one includes a UV telescope? Chandra X-ray Observatory Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Spitzer Space Telescope Hubble Space Telescope James Webb Space Telescope 33. The two major windows (regions of transparency) of our atmosphere are the windows: radio and infrared radio and visual (or optical) ultraviolet and visual x-ray and radio 34. The energy of a photon: is proportional to the wavelength of the light is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light depends only on the speed of the light depends only on the mass of the photon depends on both the mass and speed of the photon 35. The full moon rises: at sunrise at sunset at noon at midnight 36. It is possible for electrons in a hydrogen atom to move from one level to the next (either up or down) by: absorbing a photon emitting a photon having a collision with a free electron 7

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