End-of-chapter test Chapter 2 Higher

Transcription

1 1 a The space programme has benefitted people in everyday life. Describe two ways in which people can benefit. b Despite this, Oliver thinks that the space programme is not worth the money that was spent on it. Explain why he may think this. 2 Florence moves a coil towards a magnet and sees an induced potential difference on the voltmeter connected to it. State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if. a State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if she held the magnet inside the coil. b State what happens to the reading on the voltmeter if She turned the magnet round (so the other pole was facing the coil) and moved it towards the coil. Florence wonders what happens to the potential difference if she changed the number of turns on the coil. c Describe the data that she would need to collect to find out the answer to this question. d Predict what you think will happen.

2 e Name the independent variable in this investigation. f State and explain why it will be very difficult to do a fair test in this investigation. 3 a Here is a list of observations. Tick the observation that provided evidence for a change to the model of the Solar System. The Moon has phases. Jupiter has moons. The Sun moves across the sky during the day. Jupiter s moons are in orbit around Jupiter. b Mars appears to move backwards across the sky. i Name this type of motion. ii Explain why this motion was important in changing people s ideas about the Solar System. 4 a Identify the two statements that show the correct use of the words below. radiation radioactive radioactivity A: Radioactive materials emit radioactivity. B: Radioactivity is the name given to the process of emitting radiation. C: You can detect alpha radiation emitted by some radioactive materials with a counter. Statement or statements:

3 b Radioactive materials are used in hospitals to find and treat diseases. Discuss the risks and benefits of using radioactive materials in this way. (6 marks) In this question you get marks for how well your answer is written. You will get marks for: spelling grammar organising your ideas and information clearly using key scientific words. 5 a Describe, in terms of the forces acting on a rocket, how the rocket takes off.

4 c Use the diagram below to explain how to put a satellite in orbit. 6 Reuben wants to model the expansion of the universe. He cuts a very long, thick elastic band to make a long strip. He draws some galaxies on the strip. He measures the distance between the first galaxy and each of the rest of the galaxies. He pulls the strip to make it longer and makes the measurements again. Here are his results. Galaxy Initial Distance from galaxy 1 (cm) Final Distance from galaxy 1 (cm) Difference (cm)

5 a Describe how you can use this model to show that galaxies that are further away from us are moving faster. b The astronomer who discovered this, Edwin Hubble, had to publish his results in a journal. Before the results were published they had to be peer-reviewed. Describe what peer review is, and why it is important. c Despite seeing the results in a journal, some scientists found it difficult to believe that they universe was expanding. Suggest why. 7 a The half-life of a radioactive material is 10 seconds. At time = 0 seconds a sample contains 48 g of material that is radioactive. i How much will be radioactive after 10 seconds? Show how you worked out your answer. ii How much will be radioactive after 30 seconds.

6 iii After how many seconds will 1.5 g still be radioactive. b Here is a graph to show how the waves or particles emitted per second by a radioactive sample changes with time. Use the graph to find the half-life. Explain how you found the answer. 8 Some cookers called induction hobs use alternating current to heat food. You need saucepans made of magnetic material on an induction hob. Explain how the food in a saucepan on an induction hob gets hot.