Section 3- The history and future of space exploration

Transcription

1 Unit 1: Space Section 3- The history and future of space exploration

2 Ancient Astronomer Speed Dating Remember: Speak to your partner, don t copy notes Keep points brief, don t write paragraphs Stick to main points o What did they contribute? o How? o When?

3 Early Astronomers Aristotle ( B.C.E)

4 Early Astronomers Aristotle ( B.C.E) Saw that patterns of stars didn t change Thought earth was fixed (didn t move) Thought the sun and other planets orbited the earth Saw curved shadows on the moon during an eclipse Thought earth must be a sphere

5 Early Astronomers Aristotle s Universe

6 Early Astronomers Aristotle s model explained a lot of what was observed, but not all If you observe the movement of Mars in the sky over several weeks, it s path seems to change direction This is called Retrograde Motion

7 Early Astronomers Aristotle s model explained a lot of what was observed, but not all If you observe the movement of Mars in the sky over several weeks, it s path seems to change direction This is called Retrograde Motion

8 Ptolemy ( C.E.) Early Astronomers

9 Ptolemy ( C.E.) Early Astronomers Observed the path of mars and calculated a new model to try to explain it Thought each planet revolved around a point on its orbit called an epicycle

10 Early Astronomers Copernicus ( C.E.)

11 Early Astronomers Copernicus ( C.E.) Observed the sky with his naked eye and thought of a more simple model Thought the sun was at the centre and the earth revolved around it while rotating on its axis

12 Galileo ( C.E.) Early Astronomers

13 Early Astronomers Galileo ( C.E.) Was the first to use a telescope to observe space Found craters on the Moon, spots on the Sun, & 4 of Jupiter s moons Observed the phases of Venus Supported the Sun-centred model

14 Kepler ( C.E.) Early Astronomers

15 Early Astronomers Kepler ( C.E.) Observed the movement of planets and tested mathematical formulas to make models of their motion Found that planets must orbit in ellipses instead of circles Developed Kepler s laws still used today

16 Newton ( C.E.) Early Astronomers

17 Early Astronomers Newton ( C.E.) Designed the reflecting telescope- better observations Used mathematical formulas to explain why celestial bodies orbit each other (gravity) Developed Newton s laws of motion still used today

18 Early Astronomers

19 Space Technologies For information on the following slides see the Space Technology Then and Now handout

20 Early Technologies Astrolabe Stone Circles Early Telescopes

21 Rocket Propulsion Modern Technologies Space Suits

22 Satellites Modern Technologies

23 Modern Technologies Probes Rovers

24 Optical Telescopes Modern Technologies Radio Telescopes

25 Optical Telescopes Modern Technologies Radio Telescopes

26 Theories of the Formation of the Universe The Big Bang ~13.7 billion yrs ago an unimaginably tiny volume of space suddenly and rapidly expanded to immense size All of the matter and energy in the universe was formed The universe is constantly expanding at an increasing rate

27 Theories of the Formation of the Universe The Big Bang Where did this theory come from? Edwin Hubble studied the sky and noticed all the galaxies are moving further and further from each other in all directions When retracing the paths they appear to have all started out moving from the same area

28 Theories of the Formation of the Universe Oscillating Theory Theory that eventually the expansion will stop and then reverse in a Big Crunch The universe will go through a series of Big Bangs and Big Crunches in an ongoing cycle

29 Theories of the Formation of the Solar System Stellar Collision Theory Suggest the Sun and planets were spun off from collisions between other stars Less supported theory

30 Theories of the Formation of the Solar System Nebular Hypothesis Sun and planets formed when a large nebula condensed and collected together by gravity As gravity pulled the nebula together it began to spin, the centre of the nebula condensed to form our Sun while material outside built up to form the planets