KARAKTERISTIČNE KRIVE HLAĐENJA ZA RASHLADNI TORANJ U TERMOELEKTRANI "BITOLA" - MAKEDONIJA
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1 KARAKTERISTIČNE KRIVE HLAĐENJA ZA RASHLADNI TORANJ U TERMOELEKTRANI "BITOLA" - MAKEDONIJA TYPICAL COOLING CURVES FOR COOLING TOWER AT TPP "BITOLA" MACEDONIA V. I. Mijakovski* and I. N. Mijakovski* *Faculty of Technical Sciences, University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Ivo Lola Ribar bb, 7000 Bitola, Macedonia Abstract: Change in values of the climatic curve (temperature of dry-bulb thermometer and relative humidity of external air) causes change in performance of cooling tower. Temperature of cooling water (t w2 ) exiting cooling tower fill is calculated for different values taken from climatic curve for 5 cooling ranges and three values of plants' heat load. Out of the calculation results, a diagram has been made showing the dependence of the cooling water exiting tower upon the values from climatic curve for different cooling range and different heat loads. Calculations and analysis presented in this article refers to the cooling tower of Block-III (225 MW) at TPP "Bitola" Macedonia. Key words: climatic curve, cooling tower, cooling curve. 1. INTRODUCTION Change in values of the dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of air causes change in thermal performance of cooling tower. Measured values of the parameters of cold water are given in [1] and [2]. According to recommendations [3], the temperature of cold water t w2, exiting the cooling tower is determined for different values from the climatic curve, 5 different cooling ranges and 3 different values of heating load. 2. CALCULATION AND RESULTS OBTAINED Calculation is performed using a computer programme by varying values of temperature of water entering the cooling tower fill, t w1, resulting in temperature of water exiting the cooling tower fill t w2. Cooling range is defined as difference between water temperature on cooling tower entrance and exit, Δt w = t w1 t w2. Obtained results include five cooling ranges: Δt w = 7 K ; 8 K ; 9 K; 10 K and 11 K. Caluclation also refers to three different heat loads of the thermo power plant: 80% ; 100% and 110% [3]. Third parameter that changes are the values of the climatic curve for Bitola, dependent upon the dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air. Climatic curve has been previously developed from hourly values of air temperature and relative humidity over a period of 12 years ( ), [4].
2 Input parameters and results of one calculation for determination of cold water temperature at cooling tower fill exit t w2, for 100% heat load are given in Table 1, below. Table 1. Input parameters and results of calculation for determination of cold water temperature exiting cooling tower at 100% heat load t v1 = 15,0 C - temperature of air at cooling tower entrance ϕ v1 = 40 % - relative humidity of air at cooling tower entrance t vt = 8,2 C - wet-bulb temperature of air at cooling tower entrance x v1 = 0,0045 kg/kg - humidity ratio of air entering cooling tower fill t w1 = 27,0 C - temperature of water entering cooling tower fill Δt w = 9,2 C - cooling range p at = Pa - atmospheric pressure g w1 = 6632 kg/m 2 h - specific mass flow of water entering cooling tower fill g w2 = 6542 kg/m 2 h - specific mass flow of water exiting cooling tower fill g v = 3603 kg/m 2 h - specific mass flow of air σ V = 3531 kg/m 3 h - volume coefficient of evaporation t v2 = 19,0 C - temperature of air at cooling tower exit ϕ v2 = 79 % - relative humidity of ait at cooling tower exit x v2 = 0,012 kg/kg - humidity ratio of air exiting cooling tower fill t w2 = 17,8 C - temperature of water exiting cooling tower fill G w = m 3 /h - volume flow of water through the cooling tower Results from the calculation for determination of cold water temperature exiting cooling tower fill t w2, are shown on Tables from 2 to 6. These comprise 30 values from the climatic curve, 5 cooling ranges and 3 values of heat load. 3. CONCLUSION With reference to values in Tables from 2 to 6, typical cooling curves for this natural draft concrete cooling tower, has been developed, shown on Fig. 1. Nomogram shows the dependance of water temperature at cooling tower exit t w2, upon values from climatic curve (dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air ϕ v = 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%, for Δt w = t w1 t w2 = 7 K; 8 K; 9,2 K; 10 K; 11 K, and three values of heat load 80%, 100% and 110%. If the value from climatic curve is accurately determined, for a known heat load and by using this nomogram (Fig. 1.), it is possible to determine the cooling range and temperature of water leaving cooling tower fill and heading to pump station.
3 Table 2. Results from calculation of the values of water temperature exiting the cooling tower at Δt w = 7 K and 80% / 100% / 110% heat load ϕ, % 40 10,2 / 12,5 / 13,0 12,8 / 14,5 / 15,3 15,4 / 16,9 / 17,7 18,0 / 19,4 / 20,1 20,7 / 22,0 / 22, ,8 / 12,6 / 13,5 13,4 / 15,1 / 15,9 16,2 / 17,7 / 18,5 19,1 / 20,4 / 20,1 25,1 / 23,2 / 23, ,3 / 13,6 / 14,0 14,1 / 16,0 / 16,6 17,1 / 18,6 / 19,2 20,1 / 21,4 / 22,9 23,3 / 24,4 / 25, ,8 / 13,9 / 14,4 14,8 / 16,5 / 17,1 17,9 / 19,3 / 20,7 21,1 / 22,3 / 22,9 24,5 / 25,5 / 26, ,3 / 14,2 / 14,9 15,4 / 17,0 / 17,7 18,7 / 20,0 / 20,7 22,1 / 23,2 / 23,8 25,6 / 26,6 / 27, ,8 / 14,7 / 15,3 16,0 / 17,5 / 18,3 19,4 / 20,7 / 21,4 23,0 / 24,1 / 24,6 26,7 / 27,7 / 28,1 Table 3. Results from calculation of the values of water temperature exiting the cooling tower at Δt w = 8 K and 80% / 100% / 110% heat load ϕ, % 40 11,2 / 13,0 / 14,2 13,6 / 15,4 / 16,4 16,1 / 17,8 / 18,6 18,6 / 20,2 / 20,9 21,3 / 22,6 / 23, ,7 / 14,5 / 14,7 14,3 / 16,4 / 17,0 16,9 / 18,6 / 19,3 19,7 / 21,1 / 21,8 22,5 / 23,9 / 24, ,2 / 14,5 / 15,1 14,9 / 16,8 / 17,5 17,7 / 19,3 / 20,1 20,6 / 22,0 / 22,7 23,7 / 24,9 / 25, ,7 / 15,7 / 15,5 15,5 / 17,7 / 18,1 18,5 / 20,1 / 20,8 21,6 / 22,9 / 23,6 24,9 / 26,1 / 26, ,2 / 15,1 / 15,9 16,1 / 17,8 / 18,6 19,2 / 20,7 / 21,4 22,5 / 23,8 / 24,4 26,0 / 27,1 / 27, ,6 / 15,9 / 16,4 16,7 / 18,5 / 19,2 20,0 / 21,4 / 22,1 23,4 / 24,6 / 25,2 27,0 / 28,1 / 28,6 Table 4. Results from calculation of the values of water temperature exiting the cooling tower at Δt w = 9,2 K and 80% / 100% / 110% heat load ϕ, % 40 12,2 / 14,1 / 15,5 14,5 / 16,4 / 17,5 16,9 / 18,7 / 19,6 19,3 / 21,0 / 21,8 21,8 / 23,3 / 24, ,7 / 14,4 / 15,9 15,2 / 16,8 / 18,1 17,7 / 16,8 / 20,3 20,3 / 21,9 / 22,6 23,0 / 24,6 / 25, ,2 / 15,3 / 16,3 15,8 / 17,7 / 18,6 18,4 / 20,2 / 21,0 21,2 / 22,8 / 23,5 24,2 / 25,5 / 26, ,7 / 15,1 / 16,7 16,4 / 17,6 / 19,1 19,1 / 17,6 / 21,6 22,1 / 23,2 / 25,1 25,3 / 26,3 / 28, ,1 / 16,3 / 17,1 16,9 / 18,8 / 19,6 19,9 / 21,5 / 22,3 23,0 / 24,4 / 25,1 26,4 / 27,5 / 28, ,5 / 13,9 / 17,5 17,5 / 17,9 / 20,1 20,6 / 21,6 / 22,9 23,9 / 25,0 / 25,9 27,4 / 28,1 / 29,1
4 Table 5. Results from calculation of the values of water temperature exiting the cooling tower at Δt w = 10 K and 80% / 100% / 110% heat load ϕ, % 40 12,9 / 14,9 / 16,3 15,1 / 17,1 / 18,2 17,4 / 19,3 / 20,2 19,7 / 21,5 / 22,3 22,2 / 23,7 / 24, ,4 / 15,7 / 16,7 15,7 / 17,8 / 18,7 18,1 / 20,0 / 20,9 20,7 / 22,3 / 23,1 23,3 / 24,7 / 25, ,8 / 16,3 / 17,1 16,3 / 18,4 / 19,2 18,9 / 20,7 / 21,6 21,6 / 23,2 / 24,0 24,5 / 25,9 / 26, ,2 / 17,1 / 17,5 16,8 / 19,2 / 19,7 19,6 / 21,6 / 22,2 22,5 / 24,4 / 24,8 25,6 / 27,5 / 27, ,7 / 17,3 / 17,8 17,4 / 19,5 / 20,2 19,9 / 22,0 / 22,8 23,0 / 24,8 / 25,5 26,6 / 27,9 / 28, ,1 / 17,2 / 18,2 17,9 / 19,8 / 20,7 20,9 / 22,6 / 23,4 24,2 / 25,6 / 26,3 27,6 / 28,8 / 29,4 Table 6. Results from calculation of the values of water temperature exiting the cooling tower at Δt w = 11 K and 80% / 100% / 110% heat load ϕ, % 40 13,6 / 15,8 / 17,1 15,8 / 17,9 / 19,0 18,0 / 20,0 / 20,9 20,2 / 22,1 / 22,9 22,6 / 24,2 / 25, ,1 / 16,6 / 17,5 16,3 / 18,6 / 19,5 18,7 / 20,7 / 21,5 21,1 / 22,9 / 23,4 23,7 / 25,2 / 26, ,5 / 17,1 / 17,9 16,9 / 19,1 / 20,0 19,4 / 21,3 / 22,2 22,0 / 23,7 / 24,5 24,8 / 26,3 / 27, ,9 / 17,3 / 18,3 17,4 / 19,5 / 20,5 20,1 / 21,9 / 22,8 22,9 / 24,5 / 25,3 25,8 / 27,3 / 27, ,3 / 17,2 / 18,7 18,0 / 19,8 / 20,9 20,7 / 22,5 / 23,4 23,7 / 25,3 / 26,0 26,9 / 28,2 / 28, ,7 / 18,5 / 19,0 18,5 / 20,7 / 21,4 21,4 / 23,2 / 24,0 24,5 / 26,6 / 26,7 27,8 / 29,1 / 29,7
5 35 30 t w2, o C Cooling range Δt w, K K 9,2 K 11 K 10 8 K 7 K t v1, o C 110 % 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100 % 80 % Relative humidity ϕ, % Flow m 3 /h at 100% Heat load Fig. 1. Typical cooling curves for cooling tower at TPP "Bitola"- Bitola
6 REFERENCES [1] Andrejevski B., Mojsovski A., Serafimov M., (1985) Garanciski i normativni ispituvanja na ladilnite kuli za blok I i blok II na TE "Bitola" - Bitola, Mašinski fakultet - Institut za termotehnika i termoenergetika, Skopje, Makedonija. [2] Andrejevski B., Mojsovski A., Dimitrov K., (1985), Stručen izveštaj za funkcionalnosta na ladilnata kula, Mašinski fakultet - Skopje, Makedonija. [3] - (1989) DIN 1947 Thermal acceptance tests on wet cooling towers (VDI cooling tower code), Deutsches Institute fur Normung e.v., Berlin, Germany. [4] Mojsovski A., Mijakovski V., (1999), Nova klimatska kriva na Skopje, VII sovetuvanje na DTRM - 99, Mašinski fakultet - Skopje, Ohrid, Makedonija. [5] Mijakovski V., (2001), Termotehnički efekti od primenata na elementite na klimatskata termička osnova na Makedonija, magisterska rabota, Mašinski fakultet - Skopje, Makedonija.
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