Plant Problem Clinic Annual Report for 2017

Transcription

1 Plant Problem Clinic Annual Report for 2017

2 Introduction to the 2017 Annual Report As of February 1, 2018, the Clemson University Plant Problem Clinic changed its name to The Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic (PPDC). The PPDC, the Molecular Plant Pathogen Detection Lab (MPPD) and the Commercial Turf Clinic are housed in the Department of Plant Industry, while the Nematode Assay Lab, with whom we have a contract, is in the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences. Despite the name change, our primary mission has not changed. The Clinic serves the people of South Carolina as a multidisciplinary lab that provides diagnoses of plant diseases and identifications of weeds and insect pests of plants and structures. Solutions for these problems are provided through management recommendations. As a part of the Department of Plant Industry in Regulatory Services, the PPDC also helps to detect and document new plant diseases and pests in South Carolina and serves as an information resource for Clemson University Extension, teaching, regulatory and research personnel. We were lucky to retain the part-time assistance of Madeline Dowling who prepared many of the tables for Host/Diagnosis by Crop for this report. We also hired Martha Froelich, another graduate student in Plant Pathology, who also assists with diagnostics and other aspects of lab management. Both have been extremely helpful. In 2017, the Plant Problem Clinic received 1215 samples and 27 people from eight disciplinary areas assisted by identifying diseases, insects or plants or by providing management recommendations. Appreciation is expressed to all faculty, students and staff that contributed their time and effort, enhancing the success of the Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic. Special thanks are extended to those who are primary identifiers: Entomologists; Tim Drake and Predeesh Chandran, Botanist; Dixie Damrel and Mycologist; Julia Kerrigan. Much gratitude also goes out to the core lab staff. In addition to her other duties, Lab Coordinator, Diana Low, took on the major task of transitioning our web site to the new Cascade platform. She will now maintain our website, which will make it easier to keep it up to date. Curt Colburn, the Molecular Biologist in charge of the Molecular Plant Pathogen Detection Lab (MPPD), assisted the Plant Problem Clinic by handling diagnoses of certain Phytophthora disease suspects, doing bacterial identifications, plus PCR reactions and ELISA tests in some cases. This year, the annual reports for the MPPD Lab, the Nematode Assay Lab and the Commercial Turf Clinic will stand on their own. I hope that readers find all of these reports interesting and informative. Meg Williamson, Diagnostician and Lab Manager

3 Diagnosticians and Other Primary Identifiers Brad Addy diagnosed 20 turfgrass samples and gave advice for 12. Curt Colburn diagnosed 127 samples, and gave advice for 81. DixieDamrel processed 116 plant identification samples. Eric Benson identified 1 insect/arthropod sample and gave advice for 32 John Hains identified 4 algal samples. Julia Kerrigan identified 9 fungal samples and gave advice for 7. Mac Callaham identified 1 invasive worm sample. Madeline Dowling diagnosed 54 samples and gave advice for 4. Martha Froelich diagnosed 34 samples. Meg Williamson diagnosed 865 samples and gave advice for 857. Michael Caterino identified 1 insect sample. Predeesh Chandran identified 162 insect/arthropod samples and gave advice for 125. Timothy Drake idenfitied 52 insect/arthrodpod samples and gave advice for 15. Advisory Consultants Bert McCarty gave advice for 2 turfgrass samples. Bob Polomski gave weed management advice for 43 samples. Corey Heaton gave algae management advice for 21 samples. Eric Benson gave advice for 29 structural insect/arthropod samples. Greg Yarrow gave advice for 1 wildlife sample. J.C. Chong gave advice for 24 insect/arthrodpod samples. Joey Williamson gave advice for 30 insect/arthropod samples. Michael Childress gave advice for 1 round worm sample. Mike Marshall gave advice for 15 field crop/pasture weed management samples. Powell Smith gave advice for 1 vegetable insect/arthrodpod sample. Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris gave advice for 1 vegetable insect/arthrodpod sample. Simon Scott gave advice for 2 viral plant disease samples. Steve Jeffers gave advice for 8 ornamental plant disease samples. Tony Keinath gave advice for 2 vegetable plant disease samples.

4 Department of Plant Industry Labs Sample Receiving and Log-in Plant Problem Clinic Samples Diana Low processed 1158 samples. Meg Williamson processed 13 samples. Predeesh Chandran processed 43 samples. Commercial Turf Clinic Samples Diana Low processed 117 samples. Meg Williamson processed 4 samples. Predeesh Chandran processed 1 sample. MPPD Samples Diana Low processed 78 samples. Predeesh Chandran processed 1 sample. Nematode Assay Lab Samples Diana Low processed 1777 samples. Meg Williamson processed 12 samples. Predeesh Chandran processed 89 samples.

5 Number of Samples per month in 2017 Total Samples= JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

6 Number of Samples Per Month for the Past 5 Years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

7 Source of Samples by Percent Nonextension noncommercial 4% Nonextension commercial 15% Extension noncommercial 50% Extension commercial 31%

8 MUSEUM (COLLECTION) Client Types by Percent for FORESTER/TREE FARM MEDICAL/VETERINARY RESEARCHER/SPECIALIST PEST CONTROL OPERATOR AGRIBUSINESS/OTHER COMPANY GOLF COURSE/ATHLETIC FIELD CROP CONSULTANT NURSERY/GARDEN CENTER PUBLIC OR CHURCH GROUNDS ARBORIST GREENHOUSE/HYDROPONIC REGULATORY AGENT LAWN CARE/LANDSCAPER 7.3 GROWER/FARMER 8.26 AGENT/EDUCATOR HOMEOWNER/HOME GARDENER

9 Diagnosis Requested by Number of Samples Insect ID 128 Mushroom ID 8 Disease ID 6 Plant/Weed ID 105 Left Blank 2 Nematode ID/Analysis 1 Plant Health Analysis 964

10 Crop Categories by Percent Left Blank Nuts/seeds Other Palms Small Grains - wheat,oats,barley Field crops/forage Macroscopic fungi Citrus Groundcover/vines Annual/biennial Aquatic/algae Fruit Small Fruit Vegetables Insect ID Woody ornamental -Deciduous Perennial Woody ornamental - Evergreen Turf

11 Out-of-State Samples South Carolina Samples by County State Number of Samples County Number of Samples County Number of Samples Berkeley 12 Colleton 24 Alabama 1 Darlington 7 Greenville 118 Arizona 4 Greenwood 19 Lee 7 Florida 2 Lexington 92 Pickens 62 Georgia 2 Richland 109 Barnwell 19 Iowa 2 Calhoun 7 Clarendon 9 Kansas 1 Dillon 4 Georgetown 12 Maryland 1 Hampton 16 Laurens 13 Missouri 1 Marion 1 Orangeburg 6 North Carolina 8 Saluda 13 Anderson 31 New Hampshire 1 Allendale 2 Chester 4 New Jersey 1 Cherokee 9 Fairfield 3 Oregon 1 Edgefield 76 Kershaw 14 Pennsylvania 4 Jasper 5 Newberry 17 Tennesse 14 Mccormick 1 Union 2 Texas 8 Sumter 36 Bamberg 10 Virginia 13 Aiken 53 Chesterfield 3 Wisconsin 1 Charleston 60 Florence 12 Dorchester 10 Lancaster 7 TOTAL 65 Horry 22 Oconee 21 Marlboro 1 York 15 Spartanburg 63 Beaufort 122 STATE TOTAL 1149

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13 Number of times methods used Methods used for Diagnoses in Molecular Analysis Sequencing PCR Nematode Extraction Bioassay Biochemical Soil Analysis Serological Image Incubation Culture Visual Microscopic Observation Methods Used (Note: Often >1 method is used per sample.)

14 Diagnoses and Identifications of Causal Agents in 2017 Category of Causal Agent Confirmed Suspected Undetermined Not Detected Total Abiotics Arthropods Pathogen Plants/Weeds TOTALS Confirmed Diagnoses and Identifications for Abiotics Arthropods Pathogen Plants/Weeds

15 Diagnoses and Identifications on Field and Pasture Crops Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Oats (Avena sativa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Pythium pod rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Rice (Oryza sativa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Smooth Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,5) Sunflower leaf blight; Stem spot (Alternariaster helianthi) Sunflower leaf spot (Septoria helianthi) Soybean (Glycine max) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (13,22) Anthracnose stem blight (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Anthracnose; Leaf blight (Colletotrichum truncatum) Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) Australasian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Fusarium wilt; Fusarium wilt complex (Fusarium sp./spp.) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) Purple seed stain; Leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) Soybean frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) Stem canker (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Tropical spiderwort; Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis)

16 Wheat, Common (Triticum aestivum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,5) Aphids; Plant lice (Family Aphididae) Glume blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) Mycosphaerella leaf spot (Mycosphaerella sp./spp.) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici)

17 Diagnoses and Identifications on Fruits and Nuts Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive Apple, common (Malus sylvestris) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,7) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Butt rot (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Graft failure (Abiotic disorder) Lichens (Lichenes) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) Wood decay fungus (Unidentified Fungus) Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris pruni) Blackberry (Rubus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Canker; Stem blight; Dieback (Botryosphaeria dothidea) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Blueberry (Vaccinium sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (10,11) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Hemlock blueberry rust (Thekopsora minima) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Leaf scorch (Abiotic disorder) Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Potassium deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Tortricid leafrollers (Family Tortricidae) Blueberry, Southern Highbush (Vaccinium darrowii) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Anthracnose; Twig dieback (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Cherry (Prunus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,5) Fungal wood rot (Schizophyllum commune) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Shothole borer (Scolytus rugulosus)

18 Chestnut, Chinese (Castanea mollissima) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Canker (Unidentified Agent) Fig, common (Ficus carica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,5) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Fig rust (Cerotelium fici) Passalora leaf spot (Passalora sp./spp.) Grape (Vitis sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Leaf blight (Pseudocercospora vitis) Summer grape (Vitis aestivalis) Grape, muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,5) Fruit rot (Unidentified Agent) Herbicide drift (Abiotic disorder) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Spittle bugs (Family Cercopidae) Stem fleck (Greeneria uvicola) Peach (Prunus persica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,3) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Scale insects (Order Homoptera) Pear (Pyrus communis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Lichens (Lichenes) Pear, Callery (Pyrus calleryana) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,5) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Pecan leaf Phylloxera Pecan; Hickory scab (Fusicladium caryigenum) Persimmon, Japanese (Diospyros kaki) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Persimmon wilt (Nalanthamala diospyri) Sodium toxicity (Abiotic disorder)

19 Pineapple (Ananas comosus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Leaf spot (Various Fungi) Pineapple Guava (Feijoa sellowiana) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Plum (Prunus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) Strawberry; commercial garden strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (12,17) Anthracnose basal rot; Crown rot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Crown rot (Botrytis sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Damping off (Fusarium sp./spp.) Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Fusarium root; Crown rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) House and stable flies (Family Muscidae; Diptera) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) Powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis var. physocarpi) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Strawberry angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas fragariae)

20 Citrus Crops Kumquat (round and oval) (Fortunella japonica/margarita) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) Kumquat, Changshou (Fortunella obovata 'Fukushu') (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Unknown (General) Kumquat, Sweet (Fortunella crassifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) Unknown (General) Lemon (Citrus limon) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) Citrus greening huanglongbing (Asian) (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Leafblotch leafminers (Family Gracillariidae) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Unidentified caterpillar (Unidentified Caterpillar) Unknown (General) Orange, Calamondin (X citrofortunella mitis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Orange, Sweet (Citrus sinensis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) Fruit spot (Unidentified Agent) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Tangerine; Satsuma; Mandarin; (Citrus reticulata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis)

21 Identifications of Insects, Other Arthropods and Miscellaneous Organisms from Households and other Habitats Insect Id request (general) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (96,115) Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive ANTS Ants (Family Formicidae) Acrobat ants (Crematogaster sp./spp.) Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) Field ant (Formica neoclara) Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum) Rover ant (Brachymyrmex depilis) BEES AND WASPS Plasterer bee (Colletes sp.) Ensign wasps (Family Evaniidae) Papernest wasps (Family Vespidae) BEETLES AND WEEVILS Beetles (Order Coleoptera) Black carpet beetle (Attagenus unicolor) Carpet beetles (Family Dermestidae) Cerambycid beetles (Family Cerambycidae) Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) Confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) Dermestid beetles (Family Dermestidae) Drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum) Flea beetles (Subfamily Alticinae) Platypodid Ambrosia beetle (Platypus sp./spp.) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) Sap beetle (Carpophilus sp./spp.) Varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci) Warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variabile) Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) Granary weevil (Sitophilus sp./spp.) Large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)

22 BUGS, TRUE Assassin bugs (Family Reduviidae) Bean plataspid (Megacopta cribraria) Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) Lygaeid bugs (Family Lygaeidae) Stink bugs (Family Pentatomidae) CATERPILLARS AND MOTHS Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) COCKROACHES Cuban cockroach (Panchlora nivea) German cockroach (Blattella germanica) Smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa) FLEAS, TICKS AND MITES American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) Blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) Chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) Fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sp.) Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) FLIES, MIDGES, GNATS AND MOSQUITOS Aquatic midge (Chironomus sp./spp.) Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) FLIES, MIDGES, GNATS AND MOSQUITOS Culicid mosquitos (Family Culicidae) Darkwinged fungus gnats (Family Sciaridae sp./spp.) Flesh fly (Sarcophaga sp./spp.) Humpbacked flies (Family Phoridae) Humpbacked fly (Megaselia scalaris) Psychodid drain fly (Clogmia albipunctata) MULCH (HABITAT) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Earthworm (Amynthas sp./spp.)

23 SPIDERS Ground spider (Family Gnaphosidae; Araneae) Spitting spider (Scytodes thoracica) TERMITES Drywood termites (Family Kalotermitidae) Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) Subterranean termite (Reticulitermes sp./spp.) MISCELLANEOUS IDENTIFICATIONS Amphipod landhopper; Land shrimp (Arcitalitrus sylvaticus) Barklice (Order Psocoptera) Earwigs (Order Dermaptera) Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulates) Forficulid (Common) earwigs (Family Forficulidae) Insects (Class insecta) No insect found (Identification Analysis) No pest found (Identification Analysis) Oribatid mites (Family Oribatidae; Acari) Roundworm (Ascaris sp./spp.) Slugs (Mollusca; Gastropoda) Springtails (Order Collembola) Thrips (Order Thysanoptera) Dog (Canis familiaris) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis)

24 Diagnoses and Identifications on Ornamentals and Trees Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive African Violet (Saintpaulia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Impatiens necrotic spot (INSV) (Tospovirus Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus) Alternanthera; Joseph's coat (Alternanthera ficoidea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Kyoto moth (Autosticha kyotensis) Anemone (Anemone sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Bacterial blight (Unidentified Bacteria) Anise Tree (Illicium sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Armillaria root rot (Armillaria sp./spp.) Aralia (Aralia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Arborvitae (Thuja sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Branch girdling (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker (Seiridium sp./spp.) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) Arborvitae, Green Giant (Thuja standishii x plicata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,7) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Herbicide drift (Abiotic disorder) Pestalotiopsis needle blight; Tip blight (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Arborvitae; Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (9,9) Armillaria root rot (Armillaria sp./spp.) Butt rot (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Asters (Aster sp./spp. hybrids) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.)

25 Aucuba, Japanese (Aucuba japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Azalea; Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (12,17) Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Glyphosate injury (Abiotic disorder) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) Leaf and flower gall (Exobasidium sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Powdery mildew (Oidium sp./spp.) Sunscald (Abiotic disorder) Bamboo, Hedge (Bambusa multiplex) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Bamboo diaspidid scale (Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis) Banana Shrub (Michelia figo) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) False oleander scale (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli) Beautyberry (Callicarpa dichotoma) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Begonia, Angel-wing (Begonia coccinea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Begnoia, Wax (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,6) Anthracnose; Twig dieback (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Nyssa sylvatica (Black Gum) Whiteflies (Family Aleyrodidae)

26 Boxwood (Buxus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (23,38) Anthracnose; Twig dieback (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Boxwood blight; Leaf and stem blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata) Boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus (buxi)) Boxwood Macrophoma leaf spot (Dothiorella candollei) Boxwood mite (Eurytetranychus buxi) Boxwood Volutella blight; Canker (Volutella buxi) Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) English boxwood decline (Clonostachys buxi) Freeze; Frost; Cold damage (Abiotic disorder) Leaf and stem blight (Volutella pachysandrae) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp./spp.) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Unknown abiotic disorder (Abiotic disorder) Boxwood, Common (Buxus sempervirens) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,9) Boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus (buxi)) Boxwood mite (Eurytetranychus buxi) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Excessive water (Abiotic disorder) Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus sp./spp.) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Phytophthora crown and/or root rot (Phytophthora nicotianae) Boxwood, Edging (Buxus sempervirens suffruticosa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (9,15) Boxwood blight; Leaf and stem blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata) Boxwood Macrophoma leaf spot (Dothiorella candollei) Boxwood mite (Eurytetranychus buxi) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.)

27 Boxwood, Edging (Buxus sempervirens suffruticosa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (9,15) Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Macrophoma blight; Dieback (Macrophoma sp./spp.) Mites (Order Acari) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Boxwood, Korean (Buxus sinica var. insularis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,5) Anthracnose stem blight (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Boxwood Macrophoma leaf spot (Dothiorella candollei) Boxwood Volutella blight; Canker (Volutella buxi) Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp./spp.) Spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus sp./spp.) Boxwood, Littleleaf (Buxus microphylla) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Phytophthora crown and/or root rot (Phytophthora nicotianae) Root problem (Unknown Cause) Buckthorn; Mock orange (Bumelia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Cynipid gall wasps (Acraspis sp./spp.) Bugle-weed (Ajuga sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Phoma blight; Dieback; Rot (Phoma sp./spp.) Bugleweed (ground cover) (Ajuga reptans) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) Butterfly Bush (Buddleia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Calla Lily (Zantedeschia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Bacterial blight (Unidentified Bacteria) Bacterial soft rot (Unidentified Bacterium)

28 Camellia (Camellia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Canker (Unidentified Agent) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Camellia, Common (Camellia japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,13) Algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Sunscald (Abiotic disorder) Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) Unidentified virus (Unidentified Virus) Camellia, Sasanqua (Camellia sasanqua) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,7) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Leaf scorch (Abiotic disorder) Leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Oedema; Edema (Abiotic disorder) Canna Lily (Canna x generalis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Bacterial leaf spot (Acidovorax avenae avenae) Leaf rust; Rust (Puccinia sp./spp.) Cedar, Blue Atlas (Cedrus atlantica glauca) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Cherry-laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Shothole (Various Pathogens) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Cherry, Okame (Prunus x incamp hybrid) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.)

29 China Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Dieback; Canker (Seiridium sp./spp.) Tortricid leafrollers (Family Tortricidae) Chinese Fringe flower (Loropetalum chinense) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Armillaria root rot; Butt rot (Armillaria sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Chinese Ground orchid (Bletilla striata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp./spp. hybrids) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Clematis (Clematis sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,3) Botrytis blight (Botrytis sp./spp.) Clematis wilt; Leaf spot (Phoma clematidina) Crown rot; Collar rot (Thielaviopsis basicola) Cleyera, Japanese (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Coneflower (Echinacea sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Fusarium wilt; Fusarium wilt complex (Fusarium sp./spp.) Insufficient sample (Identification Analysis) Coneflower, Purple (Echinacea purpurea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Additional sample requested (Identification Analysis) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.)

30 Coreopsis, Tickseed (Coreopsis sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,6) Bacterial leaf spot (Acidovorax konjaci) Botrytis blight (Botrytis sp./spp.) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) (Tospovirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus) Unknown (General) Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,5) Crapemyrtle aphid (Sarucallis (Tinocallis) kahawaluokalani) Herbicide carryover (Abiotic disorder) Powdery mildew (Erysiphe lagerstroemiae) Cryptomeria; Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,12) Conifer needle blight (Passalora sequoiae) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Maskell scale (Lepidosaphes pallida) Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic disorder) Pestalotiopsis needle blight; Tip blight (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Seiridium dieback; Canker (Seiridium sp./spp.) Seiridium canker (Seiridium unicorne) Cypress (Cupressus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Cypress, Arizona (Cupressus arizonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Seasonal leaf drop (Abiotic disorder) Cypress, Carolina Sapphire (Cupressus arizonica glabra) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Cypress, Italian (Cupressus semperviriens) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Seiridium canker (Seiridium unicorne)

31 Cypress, Leyland (X cupressocyparis leylandii) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (9,13) Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive Arborvitae; Cypress twig blight (Passalora sequoiae) Conifer needle blight (Passalora sequoiae) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Insect damage (Unidentified Insect) Pestalotiopsis canker/ dieback (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Seasonal leaf drop (Abiotic disorder) Seiridium canker (Seiridium unicorne) Cypress, Monterey (Cupressus macrocarpa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Needle cast; Blight (Passalora sequoiae) Daylily (Hemerocallis sp./spp. hybrids) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Daylily rust (Puccinia hemerocallidis) Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic disorder) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Dogwood (Cornus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Brown felt (Septobasidium sp./spp.) Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) Dogwood, flowering (Cornus florida) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (10,18) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback (Unidentified Fungus) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) Natural senescence (Abiotic disorder) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Powdery mildew (Oidium sp./spp.) Septoria leaf spot (Septoria sp./spp.) Spot anthracnose (Elsinoe corni)

32 Dogwood; kousa (Cornus kousa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa) Nalpella tsugifoliae, Hemlock rust mite Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Tortricid leafrollers (Family Tortricidae) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Dothiorella leaf spot (Dothiorella sp./spp.) Euonymus (Euonymus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi) Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Seiridium canker (Seiridium unicorne) Fatsia, Japanese Aralia (Fatsia japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Fern, bamboo (Coniogramme japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora coniogrammes) Fern, Cinnamon (Osmunda cinnamomea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Fern, Japanese painted (Athyrium niponicum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Stem rot (Unidentified Agent) Fern, remote wood (Dryopteris remota) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Fig (ornamental) (Ficus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Moss (General)

33 Fothergilla (Fothergilla sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Fothergilla; Witch Alder (Fothergilla gardenii) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Frangipani; Plumeria (Plumeria sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Gaillardia (Gaillardia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) (Tospovirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus) Gardenia (Gardenia sp./spp. hybrids) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,11) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Crown and root rot (Unidentified Agent) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Spider mites (Family Tetranychidae) Wood decay fungus (Unidentified Fungus) Gardenia, common (Gardenia augusta) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Gardenia, Cape jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,13) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Freeze; Frost; Cold damage (Abiotic disorder) Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Physiological responses (Abiotic disorder) Planting too deep (Abiotic disorder) Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp./spp.) Southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)

34 Geranium, House (Pelargonium x hortorum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Iron toxicity (Abiotic disorder) Low ph; Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) Manganese toxicity (Abiotic disorder) Gerber Daisy; African daisy (Gerbera sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Bacterial soft rot (Unidentified Bacterium) Polypore mushroom (Family Polyporaceae) Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria sp./spp.) Crown rot (Unidentified Fungus) Goat's Rue (Tephrosia virginiana) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Black bean aphid (Aphis solanella (fabae)) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Golden Larch (Pseudolarix amabilis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Seasonal leaf drop (Abiotic disorder) Goldenrod (Solidago sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Grace Ward lithodora (Lithodora diffusa) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Grasses, Ornamental Lovegrass (Eragrostis sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Sensitive Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista nictitans) Mexican Feathergrass; ponytail (Nassella tenuissima) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Purple Fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaceum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Leaf spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Hickory (Carya sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Wood boring insect damage (Unidentified Wood Boring Insect)

35 Holly (Ilex sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) Holly, American (Ilex opaca) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,4) Branch canker and dieback (Unidentified Agent) Dipterous leafminers (General) Holly, Chinese (Ilex cornuta) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) Holly, Dahoon; Youpon (Ilex cassine) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Excessive water (Abiotic disorder) Root problem (Unknown Cause) Twolined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta) Holly, Foster (Ilex x attenuata fosteri) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Twolined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta) Holly, Heller; mushroom holly (Ilex crenata helleri) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica) Holly, Hybrid (Ilex hybrid) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Glyphosate injury (Abiotic disorder) Holly, Japanese (Ilex crenata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,7) Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Holly, Lusterleaf (Ilex latifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Nutritional deficiency (Abiotic disorder) Tea scale (Fiorinia theae)

36 Holly, Nellie R. Stevens (Ilex aquifolium x cornuta Nellie R. Stevens) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) Holly, Savannah (Ilex attenuata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Holly, Yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Hollyhock (Alcea rosea) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Common thrips (Family Thripidae) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) Horsetail (Equisteum sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Rhizoctonia stem and root rot (Rhizoctonia sp./spp.) Hosta (Hosta sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,9) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum carotovorum) Bacterial soft rot (Unidentified Bacterium) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Physiological responses (Abiotic disorder) Unidentified virus (Unidentified Virus) Hoya (Hoya sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Mealybugs (Family Pseudococcidae) Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (6,8) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora sp./spp.) Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora sp./spp.) Crown and root rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.)

37 Hydrangea, oakleaf (Hydrangea quercifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestris) Leafeating beetles (Order Coleoptera) Ice Plant (Delosperma sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Indian Hawthorn (Raphiolepis indica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Entomosporium leaf spot (Entomosporium sp./spp.) Ivy (Hedera sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Phytophthora crown and/or root rot (Phytophthora nicotianae) Ivy, English (Hedera helix) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Japanese Rush; sweet flag (Acorus gramineus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Leptosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria acori) Japanese Spurge (Pachysandra terminalis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Leaf and stem blight (Volutella pachysandrae) Volutella canker; Leaf blight (Pseudonectria pachysandricola) Japanese Yew (Podocarpus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (8,10) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Root problem (Unknown Cause) Jasmine, Asiatic (Trachelospermum asiaticum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Rhizoctonia stem rot (Rhizoctonia solani)

38 Jasmine, Confederate, Star jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Joe-pye Weed; purple boneset (Eupatorium purpureum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Armillaria root rot; Butt rot (Armillaria sp./spp.) Juniper (Juniperus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Juniper, blue rug; Wilton carpet (Juniperus horizontalis wiltoni) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Mite damage (Unidentified Mite) Knotweed; Smartweed (Polygonum sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Field dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) Lenten Rose (Helleborus orientalis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,3) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Aphids; Plant lice (Family Aphididae) Hellebore black death (Carlavirus (HeNV)) Leucothoe (Leucothoe sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,3) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Root problem (Unknown Cause) Ligustrum; Privet (Ligustrum sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,4) Glyphosate injury (Abiotic disorder) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Planting too deep (Abiotic disorder) Ligustrum; Privet, Japanese (Ligustrum japonicum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,6) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Low ph; Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder)

39 Ligustrum; Privet, Japanese (Ligustrum japonicum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,6) Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive Oedema; Edema (Abiotic disorder) Sunscald (Abiotic disorder) Ligustrum; Privet, Wax-leaf (Ligustrum texanum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Unknown cause) Lilac (Syringa sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Lily (Lilium sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Bacterial soft rot (Unidentified Bacterium) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) Phytophthora root and basal stem rot (Phytophthora nicotianae) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Lily, Oriental (Lilium orientalis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Lily-of-the-nile (Agapanthus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Lilyturf; Bordergrass (Liriope sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) Anthracnose basal rot; Crown rot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Fusarium basal rot (Fusarium sp./spp.) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Unknown (General) Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,9) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pestalotiopsis sp./spp.) Phomopsis leaf spot (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)

40 Loropetalum; Chinese fringe flower (Loropetalum chinense) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Phomopsis leaf spot (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Magnolia (Magnolia sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) False oleander scale (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli) Magnolia leaf spot (Passalora magnoliae) Magnolia leafminer (Phyllocnistis magnoliella) Powdery mildew (Oidium sp./spp.) Scale insects (Order Homoptera) Wood boring insect damage (Unidentified Wood Boring Insect) Magnolia, Lily (Magnolia liliiflora (quinquepeta)) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Tuliptree scale (Toumeyella liriodendri) Magnolia, Southern (Magnolia grandiflora) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (11,17) Algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens) Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) Anthracnose stem blight (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Armored scales (Family Diaspididae) Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) False oleander scale (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli) Gall wasps (Family Cynipidae) Hydrophobic soil/planting mix/media (Abiotic disorder) Magnolia serpentine leafminer (Phyllocnistis magnoliella) Nutrient imbalance (Abiotic disorder) Root problem (Unknown Cause) Wood boring insect damage (Unidentified Wood Boring Insect) Maple (Acer sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,6) Armillaria root rot (Armillaria sp./spp.) Dieback; Canker; Twig blight (Botryosphaeria sp./spp.) Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic disorder) Maple leaf spot (Phyllosticta minima)

41 Maple (Acer sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (5,6) Trunk decay; Rot (Unidentified Fungus) Maple, Japanese (Acer palmatum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (8,11) Chemical injury (Abiotic disorder) Cultural/environmental problem (Abiotic disorder) Dieback; Canker (Diplodia sp./spp.) Dieback; Canker (Nectria sp./spp.) Drainage problem (Abiotic disorder) Gloomy scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa) Phomopsis leaf spot (Phomopsis sp./spp.) Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp./spp.) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Maple, Red (Acer rubrum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (4,6) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Chemical; Environmental injury (Abiotic disorder) Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp./spp.) Mexican False heather (Cuphea hyssopifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Powdery mildew (Oidium sp./spp.) Pythium root and/or crown rot (Pythium sp./spp.) Milkweed (Asclepias perennis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola) Crown rot (Unidentified Fungus) Milkweed, swamp (Asclepias incarnata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Fungal canker (Various Fungi) Rust (Uromyces sp./spp.) Mixed Plant material (unspecified) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Herbicide injury; Exposure (Abiotic disorder) Mondograss; Dwarf lily turf (Ophiopogon japonicus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Hairy crabweed; Fatoua (Fatoua villosa)

42 Mondograss; Dwarf lily turf (Ophiopogon japonicus) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,4) Confirmed Not Detected Suspected Inconclusive No pathogen found (Identification Analysis) Phytophthora dieback; Blight (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Mulberry, White (Morus alba) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Anthracnose; Colletotrichum leaf spot (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Phyllosticta leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp./spp.) Mullein (Verbascum sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,1) Crown rot; Root rot; Stem rot (Phytophthora sp./spp.) Nandina; Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Anthracnose; Twig dieback (Colletotrichum sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Pseudocercospora sp./spp.) Nippon Daisy (Nipponanthemum nipponicum) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Bacterial blight (Dickeya chrysanthemi) Bacterial blight (Unidentified Bacteria) Oak (Quercus sp./spp.) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (10,16) Anthracnose (Discula quercina) Discula anthracnose (Discula sp./spp.) Leaf spot (Diplodina sp.) Leaf spot (Unidentified Fungus) Leafblotch leafminers (Family Gracillariidae) Lecanium scales (Lecanium sp./spp.) Mechanical damage (Abiotic disorder) Oak leaf blister (Taphrina caerulescens) Oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) Pine oak gall rust (Cronartium quercuum) Tar spot (Phyllachora sp./spp.) Unidentified caterpillar (Unidentified Caterpillar) Oak, Chinese Evergreen (Quercus myrsinifolia) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Environmental stress; Problem (Abiotic disorder) Phomopsis dieback; Tip blight; Canker (Phomopsis sp./spp.)

43 Oak, Live (Quercus virginiana) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (2,2) Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) Gouty oak gall wasp (Callirhytis quercus) Oak, Northern Red (Quercus rubra) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Leaf spot (Tubakia sp./spp.) Oak, Pin (Quercus palustris) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,5) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Leaf scorch (Abiotic disorder) Pine oak gall rust (Cronartium quercuum) Oak, Post (Quercus stellata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,2) Anthracnose (Discula quercina) Leaf spot (Tubakia dryina) Oak, Red (Quercus falcata) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (3,3) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Basidiomycete (Unidentified Basidiomycete) Oak leaf blister (Taphrina caerulescens) Oaks, Red (Quercus sp./spp. red) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Drought stress damage (Abiotic disorder) Pseudoscorpion (Pseudoscorpiones sp./spp.) Woodboring weevils (Family Curculionidae) Oak, Turkey (Quercus laevis) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (1,3) Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) Leaf spot (Tubakia sp./spp.) Oak, Water (Quercus nigra) (Host,Diagnosis/ID) (7,13) Anthracnose (Discula quercina) Gall wasps (Family Cynipidae) Leaf spot (Tubakia dryina) Leafeating beetles (Order Coleoptera) Oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)