Gravitational potential energy
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1 Gravitational potential energy
2 Starter: Multiple-choice quiz
3 Where do you see gravitational potential energy?
4 Gravitational Potential energy Know that the GPE depends on mass and height above ground Calculate changes in GPE Key words Gravitational potential energy
5 The bigger picture
6 When you lift an object up, energy is transferred from your muscles in to gravitational potential energy of the object. Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is energy stored in an object because of its position in the earths gravitational field.
7 Which books have GPE? Which book has the most GPE? Which book has the least GPE?
8 What would happen to the GPE of book C, if you moved it to the higher shelf? What would happen to the GPE of book B, if you moved it to the lower shelf?
9 The higher up an object is the greater its GPE. The larger the distance something falls through the greater the amount of GPE the object loses as it falls. The higher up the object starts from, the faster it will be falling when it hits the ground. So a change in gravitational potential energy depends on the height an object moves through.
10 To lift an apple 1m would be easier than to lift the apple tree 1m. Why?
11 The tree has more mass. Therefore, it would need more GPE to reach the same height. Change in GPE also depends on the mass of the object that is changing height.
12 Put the pictures in order, starting with the one with the most GPE
13 To move book C, work must be done. (We need to put a force in to move it). Work done depends on: -- how far the object is moved -- 04/09/2016 and how much it weighs cgrahamphysics.com 2016
14 What do you think GPE would depend on? The amount of gravitational potential energy an object on Earth has depends on its: Mass Height above the ground
15 Formula for GPE Change in GPE = m x g x h mass x change in height x gravitational field strength What are the units?
16 Units Change in GPE (joules) mass (kg) change in height (m) gravitational field strength (N/kg)
17 Change in GPE = mass x change in height x gravitational field strength (use 10m/s^2) Calculate change in GPE, when a 1000kg aeroplane, takes off up to a height of 500m. Solution Gravitational field strength on earth= 10N/Kg =1000kg x 500m x 10N/kg =5,000,000J
18 Example A dog of mass 12 kg falls from an airplane at a height of 3.4 km. How much gravitational energy does the dog have as it leaves the aero plane? Solution GPE of dog = mgh = 12 x 10 x 3400 = J
19 Where is this useful? Many theme park rides use the transfer of gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy and kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy.
20 GPE increases GPE decreases Kinetic energy increases
21 Energy Transfer Schiffschaukel - YouTube [720p].mp4
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24 Plenary: GPE calculations
25 Key words Gravitational potential energy is the change in height of an object in the gravitational field of Earth It depends on mass, height, and the gravitational field GPE = m x g x h Units of GPE are Joules (J)
26 Kinetic energy
27 Who is most energetic?
28 Aim Explain what kinetic energy of an object depends on Calculate kinetic energy Key words Kinetic energy formula Conservation of energy
29 Where could we go if we could travel at warp speed? Star Trek Into Darkness Have you ever wondered The bigger picture
30 Kinetic energy is energy an object has due to motion. It depends on two things: Any ideas???
31 Kinetic energy tells us how much movement energy something has. It doesn't just depend on how fast something is moving, it also depends on mass. If a car and a lorry are both travelling at the same speed the lorry will do much more damage if it hits something, than if the car does. The lorry has more kinetic energy even though they are both travelling at the same speed.
32 Kinetic energy is energy an object has due to motion. It depends on two things: The objects mass The objects speed
33 Formula for KE Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x speed 2 Units of KE= joules Mass= kg Speed= m/s
34 A car with a mass of 500 kg is moving at a speed of 12 m/s. How much kinetic energy does it have? KE = ½ x 500 x (12 2 ) = 36,000 J
35 Rearranging the KE equation Sometimes it is necessary to rearrange the kinetic energy equation in order to calculate the mass or the velocity of a moving object. KE = ½mv 2 What are the rearranged versions of this equation for calculating mass and velocity? m = 2KE v = 2KE v 2 m
36 Calculating velocity question A lorry has a mass of 20,000 kg. If its kinetic energy is 2.25 mj, at what velocity is it travelling? KE = ½ x mass x velocity 2 velocity = 2KE mass = 2 x 2,250,000 20,000 = 15 m/s
37 Assuming that all the gravitational potential energy of a falling object is transferred to kinetic energy: GPE = KE mgh = 1 2 mv2 h = 1 2 v2 g = v2 2g
38 Example How high must an object be dropped so that is reaches 30 m/s? (g = 10 N/kg) Solution h = v2 2g height = = = 45 m
39 Elastic energy
40 An object is elastic if- it regains its shape after being stretched or squashed. Elastic potential energy is stored in the object that is being stretched or squashed. What can this be transferred in to?
41 KE, mass and velocity calculations
42 Key words Conservation of energy The law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, just transferred into different forms. GPE is transformed into KE in many situations involving height and speed of falling objects Energy transfer A process in which one form of energy is transferred into another form. All of the GPE is transformed into KE when an object falls from a height and hits the ground Joule The unit of energy. Kinetic energy The energy an object has because it is moving. KE = 1 2 mv2 velocity A measure of the speed and direction of a moving object.
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