15.1 Energy and Its Forms. Energy and Work. How are energy and work related? Energy is the ability to do work. Work is a transfer of energy.
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1 Energy and Work How are energy and work related? Energy is the ability to do work. Work is a transfer of energy.
2 Energy and Work Energy has different forms. A. The sun gives off energy in the form of heat and light. B. Plants convert sunlight into food. C. People convert food energy into muscle movement. DOK Question: Differentiate the above forms of energy.
3 Kinetic Energy What factors does the kinetic energy of an object depend on? The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed.
4 Kinetic Energy Doubling the mass in the formula doubles the kinetic energy. Doubling the speed quadruples the kinetic energy. DOK Question: Formulate a formula explaining the above situations.
5 Kinetic Energy 1. A 70.0-kilogram man is walking at a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? Answer:
6 Kinetic Energy 1. A 70.0-kilogram man is walking at a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? Answer: KE = (0.50)(70.0 kg)(2.0 m/s) 2 = 140 J
7 Kinetic Energy 2. A 1400-kilogram car is moving at a speed of 25 m/s. How much kinetic energy does the car have? Answer:
8 Kinetic Energy 2. A 1400-kilogram car is moving at a speed of 25 m/s. How much kinetic energy does the car have? Answer: = (0.50)(1400 kg)(25 m/s) 2 = 440,000 J
9 Kinetic Energy 3. A 50.0-kilogram cheetah has a kinetic energy of 18,000 J. How fast is the cheetah running? (Hint: Rearrange the equation to solve for v.) Answer:
10 Kinetic Energy 3. A 50.0-kilogram cheetah has a kinetic energy of 18,000 J. How fast is the cheetah running? (Hint: Rearrange the equation to solve for v.) Answer:
11 Potential Energy How is gravitational potential energy determined? Potential energy is energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. An object s gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due to gravity.
12 Potential Energy The unit for mass is kilograms. The unit for height is meters. Acceleration due to gravity, g, has a value in SI units of 9.8 m/s2 on Earth. The unit for gravitational potential energy is joules. DOK Questions: Hypothesize how these units affect you.
13 Potential Energy What is the potential energy relative to the water surface of a diver at the top of a meter-high diving platform. Suppose she has a mass of 50.0 kilograms. PE = mgh = (50.0 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )(10.0 m) = 4900 kg m 2 /s 2 = 4900 J
14 Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed is known as elastic potential energy. Something that is elastic springs back to its original shape after it is stretched or compressed.
15 Forms of Energy What are the major forms of energy? The major forms of energy are mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and nuclear energy.
16 Forms of Energy Mechanical Energy The energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects is mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is the sum of an object s potential energy and kinetic energy.
17 Forms of Energy Thermal Energy The total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object make up its thermal energy. When an object s atoms move faster, its thermal energy increases, and the object becomes warmer.
18 Forms of Energy Chemical Energy Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds. When bonds are broken, the released energy can do work. All chemical compounds, including fuels such as coal and gasoline, store energy.
19 Forms of Energy Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the energy associated with electric charges. Electric charges can exert forces that do work.
20 Forms of Energy Electromagnetic Energy Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves. Visible light and X-rays are examples of electromagnetic energy.
21 Forms of Energy A. Lightning bolts transfer electric charge. B. Galaxies are giant structures in space that typically contain billions of stars. The stars give off enormous amounts of electromagnetic energy. DOK Question: Construct a visual model of the above energies.
22 Forms of Energy Nuclear Energy The nucleus of an atom is held together by strong and weak nuclear forces, which can store an enormous amount of potential energy. The energy stored in atomic nuclei is known as nuclear energy. Nuclear fission releases energy by splitting nuclei apart. Nuclear fusion releases energy when less massive nuclei combine to form a more massive nucleus.
23 Assessment Questions 1. How are work and energy related? a. Energy is the rate of doing work. b. Work is a form of energy. c. Work is the transfer of energy. d. Energy is created by work.
24 Assessment Questions 1. How are work and energy related? a. Energy is the rate of doing work. b. Work is a form of energy. c. Work is the transfer of energy. d. Energy is created by work. ANS: C
25 Assessment Questions 2. A moving object with a mass of 10 kg has 320 J of kinetic energy due to its motion. How fast is the object moving? a. 64 m/s b. 32 m/s c. 8 m/s d. 10 m/s
26 Assessment Questions 2. A moving object with a mass of 10 kg has 320 J of kinetic energy due to its motion. How fast is the object moving? a. 64 m/s b. 32 m/s c. 8 m/s d. 10 m/s ANS: C
27 Assessment Questions 3. Which of these is an example of elastic potential energy? a. a bow prepared to release an arrow b. a rubber ball thrown into the air c. a book about to fall from a table d. a truck pulling a trailer
28 Assessment Questions 3. Which of these is an example of elastic potential energy? a. a bow prepared to release an arrow b. a rubber ball thrown into the air c. a book about to fall from a table d. a truck pulling a trailer ANS: A
29 Assessment Questions 4. A small airplane and a helicopter have identical masses. If the airplane s altitude compared to the ground is three times that of the helicopter, how much more gravitational potential energy does the airplane have than the helicopter? a times as much b. 3 times as much c. 6 times as much d. 9 times as much
30 Assessment Questions 4. A small airplane and a helicopter have identical masses. If the airplane s altitude compared to the ground is three times that of the helicopter, how much more gravitational potential energy does the airplane have than the helicopter? a times as much b. 3 times as much c. 6 times as much d. 9 times as much ANS: B
31 Assessment Questions 5. The energy stored in the bonds between atoms of a compound is called a. electromagnetic energy. b. chemical energy. c. atomic energy. d. thermal energy.
32 Assessment Questions 5. The energy stored in the bonds between atoms of a compound is called a. electromagnetic energy. b. chemical energy. c. atomic energy. d. thermal energy. ANS: B
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Lecture Notes (Work & Energy)
Lecture Notes (Work & Energy) Intro: - one of the most central concepts in science is energy; the combination energy and matter makes up our universe - matter is the substance of the universe, while energy
W = F Δx or W = F Δx cosθ
WORK AND ENERGY When a force acts upon an object to cause a displacement of the object, it is said that work was done upon the object. In order for a force to qualify as having done work on an object,
Energy can change from one form to another without a net loss or gain.
Energy can change from one form to another without a net loss or gain. Energy may be the most familiar concept in science, yet it is one of the most difficult to define. We observe the effects of energy