Modeling and Control of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine During a Grid Voltage Drop

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1 ETASR - Engneeng, Technology & Ale Scence Reeach ol., o. 5, 0, -5 Moelng an Conol of a DFI-Bae Wn Tubne Dung a olage Do A. Babae aj Deaen of Eleccal an Coue Engneeng Babol Unvey of Technology Babol, Ian eza.laj@gal.co S. Agha holaan Deaen of Eleccal an Coue Engneeng Babol Unvey of Technology Babol, Ian gholaan@n.ac. M. Shahab Deaen of Eleccal an Coue Engneeng Babol Unvey of Technology Babol, Ian hahab.@n.ac. Abac Doubly-fe nucon geneao (DFI) ae ely ue n n enegy geneaon ye. Dung a g volage o, efoance egae h oo ove cuen eeoang he faul-e hough (FRT) caably of he DFI n-enegy geneaon ye. In h ae, a colee aheacal DFI oel ooe. The oo conee fe by a volage ouce convee heea he ao connece o he g ecly. Ouu oe an elecoagnec oue ae conolle ung fel-oene conol (FOC). Sulaon eul ho he effcency of he conolle n exlong he axu oe of n. Keyo- oubly-fe nucon geneao (DFI); feloene conol (FOC); DFI oecon; I. INTRODUCTION Wn enegy ye eloy vaou nallaon o exlo n enegy uch a ynchonou o uel-cage an oubly fe aynchonou achne. The changng of n ee ha an effec on he conee oe anfe []. In geneal, he effcency of vaable-ee ye hghe coae o he one of fx-ee ye. In h ae, a oubly-fe nucon geneao (DFI) ue o egulae he ubne ee. When ung convenonal uel cage aynchonou achne, vey hgh agnezng cuen ae an fo he oe g hen ecoveng fo a neaby faul n he oe ye. If he oe ye canno ove a uffcen agnezng cuen n he o-faul anen ae, he uel cage aynchonou achne kee on acceleang. The aynchonou achne a a uch agnezng cuen a oble fo he g, an a evee volage o ake lace. The volage o ll o only hen he oecon ye connec he n ubne fo he g []. An alenave o ue an aynchonou geneao h oo connece o a SC va l ng, a o-calle oubly fe nucon geneao. In h conce, he SC connece o a conol ye ha eene he volage ha he SC ee ono he oo of he nucon geneao. Th conce alo ove vaable-ee caably, hch ake oble o oze oe oucon an elecoagnec oue []. Accong o ecen g coe, n ubne ae eue o be ove h lo volage e hough (RT) caably, hch ean ha n oe geneao have o kee beng connece h he g an ove he eue oe no elecc oe ye ung exenal g faul. Dec econ of he anen efoance of DFI une g faul conon exeely oan fo egn an coonaon of conol aege an oecon evce. Theefoe, an negae DFI oel eue ung he oce of he faul analy an RT oeaon [3]. The an goal of h ae o ooe an negae an acula DFI oel. Sulaon a cae ou on a MW n-ubne ven DFI ye. Reul ho ha he ooe DFI oel faly aoache he acual DFI. II. ENERA FORM OF ENERATION SYSTEM The geneal chee of eleccal enegy geneaon fo he n oe on he ba of ung oubly-fe nucon geneao hon n Fgue. The ao conee o be connece o he g ecly heea he oo connece o va back-o-back convee [4]. Roo e convee a cuen egulae-volage ouce nvee [5] an g e convee a PWM nvee. Fg.. eneal fo of eleccal enegy geneaon fo he n oe on he nucon geneao

2 ETASR - Engneeng, Technology & Ale Scence Reeach ol., o. 5, 0, -5 III. MODE AND EQUATIONS OF WIND TURBINE Aoun of oe ha n ubne can exac fo n can be exee a: P = C P 3 P = πρ R () Whee P he echancal oe ha exace fo he n by he n ubne, P he acual n oe, ρ he a eny, R he blae au of he n ubne, he n ee an C he effcency nex [6]. The effcency nex ( C ) eeen he a of he acual n enegy ha exacable by n ubne an eene o he blae aeoynac fo, a ecbe by: (, ) C = f λ β Rω λ = () v hee λ he ao of ubne blae ee o n ee, β he blae angle an ω he ubne blae oaonal ee. In a n ubne, C can be eeene by a nonlnea cuve n e of λ n lace of ffeen β o he follong elaonh [7]: ( ) π λ C = ( β ) n β λ β (3) ( ) In n ubne ulaon, geneaon oue oele n vaable-ee of ubne a eeene belo: hee 3 P ρπ R C v T = = (4) a ω ω T he oue n ubne haf. a I. MACHINE EQUATIONS The euaon of nucon achne n he efeence fae, h he ee of an neglecng zeo aaee gven by [8]: ψ = R ωψ + ψ = R + ωψ + ψ = R ( ω ω ) ψ + ψ = R ( ω ω ) ψ + (5) Whee an ae he - an -ax ao volage, an ae he - an -ax oo volage, an ae he -an -ax ao cuen, an an ae he an -ax oo cuen. an oo eance efee o he ao, R an R ae he e-hae ao ψ an ψ ae he - an -ax ao flux lnkage,an ψ an ψ ae he an -ax oo flux lnkage. ω he ee of oaon of he fae, an ω he oo eleccal angula velocy. The oo eleccal angula velocy elae o he oaonal ee of he achne hough he elaonh ω = ( ) ω, hee he nube of achne ole. The eveloe elecoagnec oue T e gven by: Fg.. nonlnea cuve n e of λ n lace of ffeen β 3P T = e ( ψ ψ ) (6) 4 The euaon elang he ee of oaon of he achne o he elecoagnec an ale echancal oue gven by: ω = + (7) J T T ech e Whee n h elaonh J he ola oen of nea of he achne an e ove efee o he nuconachne haf.

3 ETASR - Engneeng, Technology & Ale Scence Reeach ol., o. 5, 0, FIED-ORIENTED CONTRO (FOC) The nucon-achne oel eene n h econ ay alo be ue o ulae he oeaon of a oubly fe nucon achne. In aon o he achne oel, a oel of he oe convee an aocae conol u alo be nclue. The conolle of a DFI ycally confgue o allo he ajuen of he oaon ee of he WT. Hoeve, eloyng an aoae choce of efeence fae, he ak can be lfe, uon hch conol of he fel-oene uane allo fo neenen conol of he elecoagnec oue. Th echnue knon a FOC. The conolle back-o-back convee of a DFI ycally connece hough l ng o he oo nng, an neenen oue conol uually acheve hough conol of he oo cuen [9]. The oel of he FOC can be eveloe fo he DFI by eng euaon () a: R R = + ψ ωψ R R = ωψ + + ψ = ψ ( ω ω ) ψ + R + ( ω ω ) = ( ω ω ) ψ + ψ ( ω ω ) + R Whee (8) (9) (0) () he e-hae ao nucance, he oo nucance e-hae efee o he ao, an he uual nucance e-hae an =. The exeon fo elecoagnec oue (6) can alo be een n e of oo cuen a: 3P T = e ( ψ + ψ ) () 4 Exanng (), can be een ha n oe o have conol ove he elecoagnec oue, eable o have ψ = 0. The oue euaon euce o: T 3P = ψ (3) 4 e Allong he elecoagnec oue o be conolle by ajung. The ee of he oaon of he efeence fae can be calculae a: R ω = (4) ψ ψ A ean of conollng can be eablhe by exanng (0) an () h he conon ha ψ = 0. = ( ω ω ) ψ + R + ( ω ω ) (5) = ψ ( ω ω ) + R (6) Many FOC DFI oel, ue an nucon-achne oel a ecbe n h econ coule h a oel of he FOC, an ulaely, yelng he fnal ynac euaon n he euvalen FOC DFI oel [9]: R R = + ψ (7) If he cloe-loo eone of he cuen conol loo ae eeene by he anfe funcon: = (8) = (9) Whee an ae he efeence - an -ax oo cuen an The efeence gnal eve fo a eue elecoagnec oue e on T accong o (3), h eve fo a ao eacve oe e on. F-oe cuen-conolle eone a aue fo he FOC DFI oel a belo [0, ]: = = Whee τ an ( + τ ) cuen-conolle. ( + τ ) e (0) () τ ae he - an -ax e conan of

4 ETASR - Engneeng, Technology & Ale Scence Reeach ol., o. 5, 0, -5 4 I. SIMUATIONS RESUTS In h a, he effec of volage o ha been evaluae ung he eene oel. The ale volage o abou 0 ecen an effec on he oo oaonal ee ω, he elecoagnec oue T, an eleccal oe exane. e I a aue ha he WT a connece o an nfne bu ba, an hu, he ye feuency a he on of connecon of he n ubne ean conan ung he even. The FOC an DFI oel ee ulae n MATAB/Sulnk ung he aaee fo a -MW WTbae nucon achne, le n Table I. I a alo aue ha he WT lagely nenve o all vaaon n oaonal ee, an hu, T a hel conan ung he ech volage o. Dung noal oeaon of a WT, he gnal T ule fo an exenal conol loo, hch aju e he ee of he WT. Th ay axu enegy exace a belo ae n ee, an oe oohng acheve a an above ae n ee. A he n ee a aue conan ung he volage o, he efeence oue eane conan ung he even. T e The eulng cloe-loo cuen-conolle eone fo he volage o, hon n Fgue 3. Fgue 4 ho he effec of he eaue ye volage o on he oaonal ee of FOC DFI-bae WT oel. Fg. 4. Fg. 3. Cuen-conolle eone FOC DFI oaonal ee n eone o g volage o TABE I. -MW WT INDUCTION MACHINE PARAMETERS Paaee alue R Ω R Ω H H H P 6 J k g. ρ.5 k g R v Rae oe MW Fg. 5. FOC DFI elecoagnec oue n eone o g volage o The effec of he eucon n ye volage on he elecoagnec oue can be een n Fgue 5. The neal eone ha eul fo he eceae n oaonal ee an eleae of knec enegy can be een by obevng he geneae eleccal oe, a hon n Fgue 6, hee an nceae n geneae eleccal oe can be obeve eaely follong he volage o. Fg. 6. FOC DFI-geneae eleccal oe n eone o g volage o

5 ETASR - Engneeng, Technology & Ale Scence Reeach ol., o. 5, 0, -5 5 II. CONCUSION Th ae nvegae he anen efoance of DFI ung g volage. On he ba of an eal oel, an negae DFI oel ooe. Fo he ulaon eul, hon ha he DFI oel aoache he behavo of he acual DFI. The eene eul can be ue n oe o fully evaluae he faul egee hen egnng oecon chee an alo fo fuue eeach on ove conol aege an he faul e hough caably fo DFI-bae n oe geneaon ye. REFERENCES [] A. Mullane,. ghboy, R. Yacan, Aave conol of vaable ee n ubne, n oceeng of 36h Unvee Poe Engneeng Confeence, Sanea, 00 [] T. Ackeann, Wn Poe n Poe Sye, John Wley & Son, 005 [3] J. Zhao, W. Zhang, Ykang He, J.HuI, Moelng an conol of a nubne-ven DFI ncooang coe auaon ung g volage Inenaonal Confeence on Eleccal Machne an Sye (ICEMS 008), , 008 [4] W. Hofann, "Oal eacve oe lng n n oe lan conolle by ouble-fe nucon geneao" IEEE AFRICON, , Souh Afca, 999 [5] A. Peeon, "Analy, oelng an conol of oubly-fe nucon geneao fo n ubne", Techncal eo no. 464, School of Eleccal Engneeng, Chale Unvey of Technology, oebog, Seen, 003 [6] Chee-Mun Ong, Dynac ulaon of elecc achnay ung Malab/Sulnk, Pence Hall, 998 [7] P. Kunu, N. J. Balu, M.. auby, Poe ye ably an conol, Mca-Hll, 994 [8] P. Kunu, Poe ye ably an conol, Mca-Hll, 994 [9] N. Hu, J. Jung, K. Na, A fa ynac DC-lnk oe-balancng, chee fo a PWM convee-nvee ye, IEEE Tanacon on Inual Eleconc., ol. 48, No. 4, , 00 [0] A. Mullane, M. O Malley, The Ineal Reone of Inucon- Machne-Bae Wn Tubne, IEEE Tanacon on Poe Sye, ol. 0, No.3, , 005 [] M. Cchola, M. Kaekok, Coaon of cuen conol echnue fo PWM ecfe, IEEE Inenaonal Syou on Inual Eleconc, ol. 4, , 00 []. Akhaov, aable-ee n ubne h oubly-fe nucon geneao, a I: oellng n ynac ulaon ool, Wn Engneeng, ol. 6, No., , 00