Impact of Crowbar Resistances on Low Voltage Ride Through of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generation System

Transcription

1 1195 A publicaion of CHEMICA ENGINEERING RANSACIONS VO. 6, 017 Gue Edio: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He Copyigh 017, AIDIC Sevizi S..l. ISBN ; ISSN he Ialian Aociaion of Cheical Engineeing Online a DOI: /CE17600 Ipac of Cowba Reiance on ow Volage Ride hough of Doubly Fed Inducion Wind ubine Geneaion Sye Wenjuan Zhang a, Haoiao Ma b, Feige Zhang a a School of Elecical Engineeing, Baoji Univeiy of A and Science, Baoji 71016, China b School of Copue Science, Shaanxi Noal Univeiy, Xi an 71006, China wenjuanzhang@163.co he ipac of cowba eiance on low volage ide hough (VR) of doubly-fed inducion geneao (DFIG) i eeached. he elaionhip beween he cowba eiance and he oo anien cuen and he aenuaion ae of ao oo anien flux i deived. I i popoed o add eie dynaic capacio in cowba cicui o deceae he abobed eacive powe. Reul how ha, eihe oo lage o oo all cowba eiance ay weaken he abiliy of DFIG VR, he opial cowba eiance hould be eleced and he addiional dynaic capacio ake he oo ovecuen ha a alle anien ie conan and a fae ecovey peed fo he gid faul. 1. Inoducion In he pa decade, doubly-fed inducion geneao (DFIG) ha inceaed ignificanly due o advanage of vaiable peed conan fequency (VSCF) opeaion, decoupled conol of acive and eacive powe and enjoy paial-cale convee (Mohen and Moafa, 010). Howeve, ince he ao of he DFIG i diecly conneced o he gid, hu, he poiing wind geneao echnology i vulneable o gid diubance(mikel e al., 01).I i deied ha he wind ubine eain conneced o he gid and acively conibue o he ye abiliy duing and afe gid volage ag faul and diubance, hi abiliy of wind ubine i eed a low volage ide hough (VR) capabiliy (Vinohkua and Selvan, 011).One effecive way o ake he DFIG have he capabiliy of VR i o equipped wih appopiae cowba poecion cicui in he oo ide of he DFIG(Niianen, 004). Niianen analyze he DFIG equivalen cicui and poin ou ha an appopiae cowba eiance i helpful fo VR. Baed on an analyi of he chaaceiic of ao and oo faul cuen (Niianen, 004), fuhe analyzed he effec of a DC bu clap on DFIG ho-cicui cuen, and pu fowad a elecion ehod fo he cowba eiance (Xu e al., 010). Baed on hi, he pape aiing a he faul of hee-phae yeical volage ag a he gid, fily, he ipac on DFIG opeaion chaaceiic and anien flux aenuaion of cowba eiance i analyzed by aheaical ehod. Secondly, he eacive powe abobed by DFIG i dicued when he cowba i in opeaion and i i popoed o add a eie addiional dynaic capaciance o educe eacive powe abobed fo he gid, pooing a apid ecovey of faul volage. Finally, he ye iulaion i done in he 3MW wind powe geneaion iulaion plafo.. Maheaical odel of DFIG befoe gid faul he ao and oo volage and fluxe in a aionay efeence fae ae given a. d u Ri jω d d R u i j( ω ω) d (1) Pleae cie hi aicle a: Wenjuan Zhang, Haoiao Ma, Feige Zhang, 017, Ipac of cowba eiance on low volage ide hough of doubly fed inducion wind ubine geneaion ye, Cheical Engineeing anacion, 6, DOI: /CE17600

2 1196 i i i i In hee equaion, all paaee ae educed o he ao ide. whee, u[ud uq] and u[ud uq] ae he ao and oo volage veco, i[id iq] and i[id iq] ae he ao and oo cuen veco, [d q] and[d q] ae he ao and oo flux veco, and ae he ao and oo elf-inducance, i he uual inducance. ω i he ao lip fequency, ω i he oo lip fequency. Alo, R and R ae he ao and oo eiance. Befoe he occuence of a volage dip, i.e. 0, he ao volage pace veco i a veco of conan apliude u0 ha oae a ynchonou elecical angula fequency, and o, he ao volage pace veco can be decibed a u e jω u0 By ubiuing Equ. () ino (1), he ao volage oiened i ued, pe uni 1, he lip ()/1, he eady oo cuen befoe volage dip i yield a: jθ u d u qe u 0 j( ) i whee,θ acan ( / ) he ao eiance can be negleced in eady ae. Baed on () and (3), he expeion fo he ao flux and oo flux in eady ae ae obained a: () (3) (4) jω j(1 ) ω u0e u0e (0 ), jω jω (5) 3. Ipac of cowba eiance on opeaion chaaceiic of DFIG 3.1 Ipac on oo cuen Roo cuen afe volage dip coni of wo coponen: he fi i anien aenuaion coponen ha caued by gid volage dip, he econd i eady ae cuen aenuaion coponen. Fo he anien aenuaion coponen, a ie 0, a hee-phae dip faul i aued o occu a he ao of he DFIG, accoding o Equ. (3), he ao volage ae: jω u0e < 0 u jω (1 pu ) 0e 0(0 p 1) Whee p i he volage dip aio. hi iplie ha he flux in boh he winding doe no change. he ao and oo flux ae given by pu /(j ω ) (0) (0) 0 hi anien flux will be decayed wih he fo of exponen, he daping ie conan of he dc coponen in ao and oo can be defined a (6) (7) (0 ) R R (0 ) In hee equaion, he anien ao inducance can be deived a (0 ) (8) (9) (10)

3 1197 Siilaly, he anien oo inducance can be inoduced a hu, he change of ao and oo flux afe he volage dip could be expeed aheaically in oo efeence fae a follow j(1 ) ω pu0e (0 ) (0) e e jω pu 0 (0) e e jω (1) (11) And he deailed analyi of he anien oo cuen, (0 ), (0 ) inducived by anien flux, (0 ) (0 ) can be found, whee hi will no longe be fuhe decibed. We only give he dynaic cuen expeion a follow 1 (0 ) i (0 ) i / (0 ) ( ) By ubiuing Equ.(1) ino (13), he geneal anien oo cuen i hu given by j(1 ) ω 1 pu0 e e jω (0 ) i i i e ( ) Fo he eady ae cuen aenuaion coponen i (0), baed on (4), he e can be wien a (13) (14) e i (0 ) i So, by adding Eq. (14) and (15), he final expeion of oo cuen duing volage dip can be wien a following j(1 ) j ω θ pu0 e e e u d u qe u 0 u jω (0 ) j( ) i i i ( ) e (16) Accoding o Eq. (16), on he one hand, alhough he cuen veco doe no each he axiu value exacly a /, he cuen afe half a peiod give a good appoxiaion of he axiu cuen. On he ohe hand, afe he cowba i in opeaion, he oo cuen daping ie conan becoe cb R R (0 ) cb A hown by Eqn. (17), he oo cuen daping ie conan becoe alle afe he cowba i in opeaion. heefoe, duing he VR poce of DFIG ubine geneaion ye, he lage he cowba eiance, he alle anien oo cuen. 3. Ipac on ao and oo flux In ode o deive he elaionhip beween he flux and cowba eiance, accoding o Eqn. (1) and (), he gid volage i eleced a he inpu vaiable, he ao and oo flux a ae vaiable, wih he ao and oo cuen a oupu vaiable. Conequenly, he ae equaion baed aheaical odel of he DFIG i ewien a (15) (17)

4 1198 d A u d 1 i Whee u i he gid volage veco, i i he cuen veco, and i he flux veco. he ye aix A and oupu aix can be defined a (18) σ ω σ ω σ 0 σ A, σ 0 σ ( ω ω ) σ ( ω ω ) σ 0 0, Whee and eflec he ipac on he ao and oo flux. A he ao and oo eiance i uually all, σ and σ can be conideed o appoxiae zeo. In hi odel, and eflec he ao and oo flux anien aenuaion ae epecively. Hence when he gid volage ag, he ao flux i a dc coponen in he ao efeence fae and i aenuaed wih he ae of ; in he ynchonou oaing coodinae fae, he ao flux i an ac coponen ocillaing a ( ) and i aenuaed by he ae of. Siilaly, he oo flux i a dc coponen in he oo efeence fae and i aenuaed by he ae of ; in he ynchonou oaing efeence fae, he oo flux i an ac coponen ocillaing a ( ) and i aenuaed by he ae of. Duing gid volage ag and ecovey, he anien coponen of he DFIG ao flux i he ain caue of oo ovecuen and ovevolage. Accoding o he above analyi, he ao anien flux aenuaion ae influence whehe o no he cowba i in opeaion. When he volage dip ha occued, and he oo ovecuen i lage enough o igge he cowba poecion, he oo ide of he DFIG i hoed by he cowba cicui and hence he oo eiance i inceaed fo R o Rc. he flux coupling effec beween he ao and oo i enhanced a he oo eiance i inceaed, ha i o ay becoe σ c R c he new ye aix Ac can be obained by eplacing wih. A a eul, ae he wo goup of chaaceiic oo of he ao oo flux 4h ode ae equaion. Fo exaple, Figue 1 how he elaionhip beween he ao oo flux and he cowba eiance fo a MW DFIGURE I i eviden ha he dynaic epone of he ao and oo flux will be influenced by he coupling effec beween he ao and oo flux. A he cowba eiance deceae, (o he ao anien flux aenuaion ae) gadually inceae. On he conay, a he cowba eiance inceae, (o he oo anien flux aenuaion ae) gadually inceae. I i alo ipoan o noe ha i fa geae han. (19) Figue 1: Relaionhip cuve beween he ao, he oo and cowba eiance.

5 1199 Figue : Ipedance equivalen cicui of he DFIG wih cowba Figue 3: Relaionhip cuve beween he abobed eacive powe and he cowba eiance 3.3 Ipac on abobing eacive powe When a volage dip occu, and he oo ovecuen i lage enough o igge he cowba poecion, he DFIG ay loe i conollabiliy and behave a a quiel-cage inducion achine. he ipedance equivalen cicui of he DFIG i hown in Figue, whee Rcb i he cowba eiance. Whee, Rcb i cowba eacance. Fo Figue, he equivalen ipedance of he DFIG wih a cowba can be decibed a: Rcb Z R jx ( R jx) jx / /( jx R ) whee Rcb Rcb R X X R X ( X X) R R X X Rcb R R ( X cb X) R ( X X), (1) Ignoing he influence of he anien cuen, he eady ae powe of he DFIG (baed on he elaionhip beween acive powe and eacive powe) can be wien a (0) 3 3 R jx S P jq U I U R X he eacive powe ha he DFIG abob o daw fo he gid duing a faul i hen ()

6 100 3 QR U R X X (3) Accoding o Eqn. (4), he eacive powe daw i dependen on he ao volage, he value of he cowba eiance and he oo peed of he DFIGURE 4. Veificaion of he heoeical analyi A 3 MW DFIG conneced o a powe ye newok i iulaed uing MAAB/SIMUINK ofwae. he elevan paaee of he geneao ae given in he Appendix. he DFIG expeience a gid volage ag of 80%, and hi i uained fo a peiod of 65. When he gid volage ag, becaue he oo ovecuen cowba poecion i in opeaion, he cowba acion la fo aound 100. When he cowba i cu off, he oo convee i iediaely eaed and povide eacive uppo o he gid. he iulaed ao and oo flux duing he volage ag, fo diffeen cowba eiance, i hown in Figue 4 and Figue 5. Fo Figue 4, he apliude of he ao flux i gadually educed when he gid volage ag a 4. Howeve, wih he inceae in he cowba eiance, he ao anien flux aenuaion ae gadually deceae and hi how ha he decay ie conan of he ao flux DC coponen i educed. Fo Figue 5, wih an inceae of cowba eiance, he oo anien flux aenuaion ae gadually inceae. 5. Concluion (1) Duing he poce of DFIG VR, he value of he cowba eiance i inveely popoional o he aenuaion ae of he ao anien flux and popoional o he aenuaion ae of he oo anien flux. age cowba eiance can eain he oo anien cuen and educe he eacive powe ha he DFIG abob fo he gid effecively, bu eaily caue oo ovevolage and he claping effec of he DC bu. () In ode o educe he eacive powe ha he DFIG abob fo he gid, an adapive dynaic eie capacio i added in he cowba cicui fo he pupoe of eacive powe copenaion. he popoed ehod ha been applied o a 3 MW DFIG VR. he eul obained by adding he addiional capacio pove ha he popoed ehod caue he oo ovecuen o have a alle anien ie conan, and eul in a fae ecovey peed fo he gid faul. Acknowledgen hi wok wa uppoed by Naional Naue Science Foundaion of China, he Naual Science Baic Reeach Plan in Shaanxi Povince of China (014JM8347), he echnology anfe o pooe engineeing pojec of Xi an bueau of cience and echnology (CXY1347-4) and he Scienific Reeach Poga Funded by Shaanxi Povincial Educaion Depaen (17JK0049), Baoji Univeiy of A and cience eeach plafo pojec (ZK1609, ZK1601). Refeence Mohen R., Moafa P., 010, Gid-faul ide-hough analyi and conol of wind ubine wih doubly fed inducion geneao, Elecic Powe Sye Reeach, 80(), , DOI: /j.enene Mikel A., Modeo A., Aio G., 01, Neual conol fo volage dip ide-hough of ocillaing wae colunbaed wave enegy convee equipped wih doubly-fed inducion geneao, Renewable Enegy, 48, 16-6, DOI: /j.enene Vinohkua K., Selvan M.P., 011, Novel chee fo enhanceen of faul ide-hough capabiliy of doubly fed inducion geneao baed wind fa, Enegy Conveion and Manageen, 5(7), , DOI: /j.enconan Niianen J., 004, Volage dip ide hough of doubly-fed geneao equipped wih acive cowba, Nodic Wind Powe Confeence, Xu D., Wang W., Chen N., 010, Dynaic chaaceiic analyi of doubly-fed inducion geneao low volage ide-hough baed on cowba poecion, Poceeding of he CSEE, 30(), 9-36, DOI: /j.egypo